School Science Lessons
Periodic table
2009-11-01
Based on IUPAC, World Wide Web version, 2005, prepared by G.
P. Moss
See: Table of the elements
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1.
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2.
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3.
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4.
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5.
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6.
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7.
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8.
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9.
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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01
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02
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01
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H |
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. |
He |
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03
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04
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05
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06
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07
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08
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09
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10
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02
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Li |
Be |
. |
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. |
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. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
B |
C |
N |
O |
F |
Ne |
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11 |
12 |
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. |
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. |
. |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
03
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Na |
Mg |
. |
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. |
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. |
. |
Al |
Si |
P |
S |
Cl |
Ar |
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19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
27 |
28 |
29 |
30 |
31 |
32 |
33 |
34 |
35 |
36 |
04
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K |
Ca |
Sc |
Ti |
V |
Cr |
Mn |
Fe |
Co |
Ni |
Cu |
Zn |
Ga |
Ge |
As |
Se |
Br |
Ki |
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37 |
38 |
39 |
40 |
41 |
42 |
43 |
44 |
45 |
46 |
47 |
48 |
49 |
50 |
51 |
52 |
53 |
54 |
05
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Rb |
Sr |
Y |
Zr |
Nb |
Mo |
Tc |
Ru |
Rh |
Pd |
Ag |
Cd |
In |
Sn |
Sb |
Te |
I |
Xe |
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55 |
56 |
57* |
72 |
73 |
74 |
75 |
76 |
77 |
78 |
79 |
80 |
81 |
82 |
83 |
84 |
85 |
86 |
06
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Cs |
Ba |
La |
Hf |
Ta |
W |
Re |
Os |
Ir |
Pt |
Au |
Hg |
Ti |
Pb |
Bi |
Po |
At |
Rn |
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87 |
88 |
89* |
104 |
105 |
106 |
107 |
108 |
109 |
110 |
111 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
07
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Fr |
Ra |
Ac |
Rf |
Db |
Sg |
Bh |
Hs |
Mt |
Ds |
Rg |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
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57* |
58 |
59 |
60 |
61 |
62 |
63 |
64 |
65 |
66 |
67 |
68 |
69 |
70 |
71 |
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06a
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La |
Ce |
Pr |
Nd |
Pm |
Sm |
Eu |
Gd |
Tb |
Dy |
Ho |
Er |
Tm |
Yb |
Lu |
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89* |
90 |
91 |
92 |
93 |
94 |
95 |
96 |
97 |
98 |
99 |
100 |
101 |
102 |
103 |
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07a
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Ac |
Th |
Pa |
U |
Np |
Pu |
Am |
Cm |
Bk |
Cf |
Fs |
Fm |
Md |
No |
Lr |
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Groups are shown as vertical columns numbered 1 to 18, see top row.
The
elements in a group have similar chemical properties because they have
the same
number of electrons in their outer shells.
Periods are shown as horizontal rows numbered 1 to 7,
in italics,
see far left
column.
The elements in a period have electrons in the same outer shell.
The first period
contains H and He.
The second period contains Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F and Ne.
Atomic number is shown in the cell above the symbol for the element.
So oxygen, symbol O, atomic number 8, is in group 16, period 2.
The lanthanoids (lanthanide series, rare earths) atomic numbers 57* to
71,
and the actinoids, (actinide series) atomic numbers 89* to 103,
are shown
separately
below the main table. The lanthanoids and actinoids are metals.
So the lanthanoid uranium, symbol U, atomic number 92, is in group 4,
period 7.
The transition metals (transition elements) have atomic numbers 21 to
30,
39 to 48, 71 to 80 and 89 to 112. However, some chemists
refer to Zn, Cd
and Hg as metals, not transition metals.
From theory of electronic structure it is predicted that elements will
display
periodic variations in their chemical and physical properties:
1. the trends across a period or down a group in the periodic table for
properties, e.g. melting or boiling point, reactivity, ionisation
energy, atomic
radius, metallic character, nature of oxides;
2. the terms used to describe groups and periods of the periodic table;
alkali
metals, alkali earth metals, halogens, noble gases, lanthanides
and actinides;
3. the relationship between the number of valence electrons for an
element,
its position in the periodic table, and its chemical properties;
4. the properties of an element, e.g. combining power, general
reactivity,
and relationship to its position in the periodic table;
5. anomalies in the properties of an element.