Forming – the group is just coming together, and members often show shyness, uncertainty and diffidence, although extravert members may assume some kind of leadership.

Storming – establishing pecking order among members, and sometimes ‘testing’ out the leader (in a class, that’s often the teacher) - can be an uncomfortable process, but an important stage not to be avoided by the facilitator.

Norming – following on is an emergence of group identity and cohesion, what kind of behaviour and contribution is acceptable and what isn't?

Performing – when the productive work and learning occurs.

The diagram shows that the after the group has formed, group process is not a linear sequence, but more a cycle.