Plant sciences are among the most relevant scientific disciplines today. Think about two of the most important problems facing humankind: global warming and dependency on fossil fuels. Using a variety of approaches, plant scientists are addressing both problems - from the production of biofuels from plant origin to the use of plants in carbon sequestration. Animals and humans depend utterly on plants, and not only for food. Today, plant science has demolished the classic barriers of being confined to farm and food production. With the advent of modern biotechnology, plants are being used to decontaminate land and air, produce industrial products, designer molecules, biopharmaceuticals and energy (biofuels). In addition, designer plants are producing biodegradable plastics, new healthier sugars and anti-cancer drugs. Plant scientists need to understand how plants work, from molecules to ecosystems to improve the production of food, pharmaceuticals and timber, to control diseases, pests and noxious weeds, to allow them to cope with drought, salinity and pollutants and to design new plants for innovative purposes such as biofactories.