Many
pages in journals like this have detailed the primate-like visual pathways
of flying foxes.
The incremental evidence for primate-like brain features in flying foxes has made it increasingly unlikely that these similarities are a result of convergence. Two considerations make convergence unlikely:-
1. Absence of any obvious selective advantage of the pattern of features shared by primates and flying foxes, but not by equally-visually specialised squirrels and phalangers.
2. Presence of similarities in unrelated systems, such as the hippocampus
and motor system, that cannot be attributed to the selection pressure of
a visual niche.