oiJ ga;r patevre"....hjtivmwsan: A long rambling sentence, which you should break up into smaller units in translation. Literally, it reads thus: Great evils having fallen upon the city, when the tyrants held the city and the democrats were in exile, your (fore-)fathers having conquered the tyrants in battle near the temple at Pallene, under the command of Leogoras my great-grandfather and Charias (whose daughter Leogoras married, from whom was (born) my grandfather), (and) having returned to their own country killed some, condemned others to exile, and having allowed others to remain in the city, they deprived them of citizen-rights. We might translate more freely along the following lines: Great evils had fallen upon the city when the tyrants ruled it and the democrats were in exile. However, under the command of Leogoras, my great-grandfather and Charias (whose daughter Leogoras married - she was my grandfather's mother), your ancestors defeated the tyrants in battle near the temple at Pallene and returned to their own country. Some (of their enemies) they executed, others they condemned to exile, and others they allowed to remain in the city but deprived them of their citizen-rights. oiJ tuvrannoi: The reference is to the Peisistratid tyranny of the 6th century. oJ de; dh'mo" e[feuge: "Solon was traditionally regarded as the founder of Athenian democracy, and so Andocides takes for granted that in the time of the Peisistratids democracy was the alternative to tyranny. But the accounts of the period... show that in fact power was in the hands of the leading aristocracts; and the common people, as far as they took any interest in politics at all, may well have given more support to the tyranny than to the aristocracy." (MacDowell) ejpi; Pallhnivw/: Pallene, with its temple of Athene, lay between Athens and Marathon. The battle which Andocides is probably thinking of is the one which took place in 510, which led to the expulsion of Hippias by the Spartan king Cleomenes. But Edwards believes he is confusing this battle with one at Pallene in 546/5 in which Hippias' father Peisistratus was victorious.

	hjnivka basileu;"...@EJllavda: A reference to the Persian invasion of Greece in 490. The Persian king Darius did not actually lead the expedition, which was under the command of Datis and Artaphernes. Note that the king of Persia is normally referred to as basileuv" without the definite article.
	e[gnwsan....katadevxasqai: We have no other clear reference to this recall of exiles at the time of the first Persian invasion. It has been suggested that it may have occurred prior to the battle of Marathon, at the time when some slaves were given their freedom so that they could fight in the battle.
	koinhvn belongs grammatically only with swthrivan, but in sense with kinduvnou" as well.
	nomivsante"....ajntitavxasqai: believing that their own courage was sufficient to set against the enemy's large numbers.

	th;n povlin ajnavstaton paralabovnte": after receiving back their devastated city... "Andocides has moved on to the second Persian invasion, during which Athens was sacked by (the Persian king) Xerxes (480). This telescoping of events, whereby Andocides emphasises the hoplite victory at Marathon at the expense of the sailors' victory at Salamis, reflects Andocides' oligarchic background... But it also, with the juxtapositioning of Athens' greatest hour and lowest ebb, adds poignancy to Andocides' plea for unity." (Edwards)
	katapeptwkuiva", the perf. partic. of katapivptw, "fall down", belongs in sense with both teivch and oijkiva".
	dia; to; ajllhvloi"....kathrgavsanto: through living in unity with one another they gained sovereignty over the Greeks.

	ajgaqoi; ejx ajgaqw'n: being fine (sons) from fine (fathers)
	uJpavrcousan: pres. partic. of uJpavrcw which here has the meaning "belong to". Translate th;n uJpavrcousan ajrethvn: your own truly generous nature.
	tiv ou\n....ajreth'"; Literally: What then is left to you of the virtue of those men (i.e. your forefathers)? This might more freely be translated: What then is there still left for you to do to match your forefathers' noble conduct?
	eijdovta".....ejgevneto: knowing, gentlemen, that in former times the city became great and prosperous from far smaller resources.
	a} nu'n aujth'/ uJpavrcei: a{ is the (neut. plur.) subject of uJpavrcei, which here has the meaning "is possible". Translate: This is possible for it (the city) today, (if we, the citizens, were willing....)

Sections 110-116 "Andocides now deals with the second charge against him, that a short time before the trial he had placed an olive-branch on the altar of the Eleusinium. This was an act of supplication, and was taken to indicate that Andocides had a guilty conscience and was begging for pardon. Moreover, it was a religious offence to lay a branch at the time of the Mysteries." (Edwards)

Section 110

	wJ" kataqeivhn ejgwv: In your translation, be sure to bring out the emphatic use of the personal pronoun: (alleging) that it was I who placed... kataqeivhn is the 1st person aor. opt. act. of katativqhmi.
	novmo" d! ei[h pavtrio": A further claim made by Andocides' accusers: but that there is an ancestral law (stating that...)
	musthrivoi": during the period of the Mysteries (i.e. the time when they were being celebrated).
	w{sq! a}....ajdikou'nto": a{ is the object of ajdikou'nto". The sentence is awkwardly constructed; the result clause introduced by w{sq! is interrupted by a partial parenthesis, which leads back in to the rest of the result clause. Literally the passage may be translated: with the result that - it is not enough for them that they did not achieve what they planned, but they even make accusation against me (of) being-guilty-of what they themselves contrived.

Section 111

	hJ e[ndeixi": The denunciation had been lodged by Cephisius while the performance of the Mysteries was in progress. The grounds for it were that Andocides was attending the Mysteries though forbidden to do so by the decree of Isotimides. The denunciation was made to the basileus, who was the archon responsible for trials concerning religious offences.
	proshv/ei oJ basileuv": The report of the basileus was presented in the first instance to the Council. proshv/ei is the 3rd sing. imperf. indic. of prosevrcomai.
	kaqedei'sqai is the fut. infin. of kaqevzomai, used after e[melle. mevllw is regularly followed by the fut. infin.
	kata; to;n Sovlwno" novmon: The law probably dates after Solon.
	th'/ uJsteraiva/ tw'n musthrivwn: on the day after the Mysteries.

	th;n skeuh;n e[cwn: wearing his official dress. This was in his capacity as dadou'co", or torch-bearer, at the Eleusinian Mysteries.
	kai; e[deixen aujtoi'": aujtoi'" refers to the members of the Council.
	ka\/q! = kai; ei\ta (and then)
	kai; ou|to" hJma'" eJwvra: MacDowell translates these words: and Cephisius could see me (and so could have denounced me to the heralds if he had believed me guilty of placing the suppliant-branch). However, others take ou|to" as referring to Callias and hJma'" as referring to Andocides and Cephisius who were apparently standing outside the Eleusinium (since the herald went back inside after making the enquiry).
	ejpexelqwvn is the aor. partic. of ejpexevrcomai, which here means "make enquiry, make examination". Eucles had been appointed herald of the Council and the people as a reward for his actions in helping to restore the democracy.
	martuvrhson is the 2nd sing. aor. imperative of marturevw.

	@W"....memartuvrhtai....ei]pon: Evidence has been given that I am telling the truth. (This) seems to me to be quite the opposite to what my accusers say.
	o{ti aujtw; tw; qew;....divkhn: Literally: that the two goddesses themselves (aujtw; tw; qewv - Demeter and Core) confused me, not knowing the law, into laying the olive branch, so that I might be punished. periagavgoien: confused (me). "The metaphor is one of leading a man round and round until he does not know which way he is going." (MacDowell) w{ste qei'nai: me is to be understood as the subject accus. with qei'nai in the result clause, and also with the accus. eijdovta below.
	eij: (even) if...
	sesw'sqai: perf. infin. pass. of swvzw.

eij ga;r e[qhka....a[llo ti....tw; qewv: Literally: For if I did lay the olive-branch but did not respond, (is) any (alternative possible) other than I myself was destroying myself (by) having laid the olive-branch, whereas I was saved through the circumstance of (my) not responding, (which was) clearly due to the two goddesses? More freely: If I did lay the olive-branch but did not respond, wasn't I simply causing my own destruction by laying the olive-branch - whereas I owe my survival to the good fortune of my not responding, for which I clearly have the two goddesses to thank? Edwards comments that the sophistic nature of Andocides' argument here makes it unlikely that he was responding to the evidence of his witnesses.

ejcrh'n....oJmologh'sai: Literally: it was necessary of course for me to confess, even if I had not laid (kai; mh; qenta) the olive-branch.

	a[kriton ajpoqanei'n: let him be put to death without a trial. An imperative accus. and infin. construction.
	ejxhghvsato: The verb ejxhgevomai has the primary meaning "to lead the way". A secondary meaning (as here) is to prescribe procedures to be followed in connection with religious ceremonies and observances. Cf. the meaning of the English term exegesis, which is derived from this verb.
	Kevfalo": As we learn from sec. 150, Cephalus was one of Andocides' supporters, and was later to become one of the leading democratic politicians in Athens

	Khruvkwn w[n: as one of the Ceryces. It was another family, the Eumolpidae, who had the right of giving interpretations of matters relating to the Eleusinian Mysteries.
	oujc o{sion o[n soi ejxhgei'sqai: Literally: it not being sanctioned for you to make interpretations. oujc o{sion o[n is an accus. absolute construction.
	e[peita....!Eleusinivw/: MacDowell points out that this item of disagreement between Cephalus and Callias does not mark a conflict between sacred and secular law, but is simply a dispute about which of two laws on the same subject was the valid one. ciliva" dracmav": Edwards comments that a fine of this magnitude would have meant a trial in a regular court since the Council was not empowered to impose such a fine.
	kajkei'no"...eijpei'n: And he (i.e. Callias) could not say... ejcw commonly has the meaning (as here) "have the means, power", be able".

Sections 117-31 In these sections, Andocides presents his attack on Callias and the motives behind Callias' actions.

Section 117

	ejgw; de; uJmi'n....ejpebouleuvqhn: Literally: I shall describe-in-full (the reasons) because of which (w|n) I was plotted against by him.
	a[pai" ajrrevnwn paivdiwn: without male offspring. ajrrevnwn paivdiwn is a gen. of separation. "In this situation (i.e. when a man died with no male descendants in his own or his brother's line, but only female children, and leaving no will) the nearest male relatives of the deceased were entitled to claim the heiresses (epikleroi) who had an equal share of the estate (which passed to their sons when they came of age). When the heiresses belonged to the lowest property-class (as may be the case here, given Epilycus' debts as stated in sec. 118), her nearest relative would be compelled either to marry her or to provide a dowry." (Edwards)
	ai} ejgivgnonto....Levagron: who were due to come into the charge of myself and Leagros. Leagros was Callias' brother-in-law.

	oi[koi is an adverb meaning "at home". When used with the neut. plur. tav or ta; pravgmata, it means "one's domestic affairs" or (as here) "one's financial affairs".
	fanera;n oujsivan: visible assets, such as land and buildings, furniture, slaves, livestock. Sometimes actual cash was regarded as a "visible asset", sometimes an "invisible asset".
	oujde; duoi'n talavntoin: less than two talents
	ejnantivon tw'n fivlwn: in the presence of the members of his family. Note the meaning of fivloi in this context. fivloi can refer to varying degrees of personal ties - friends, relations by marriage, or blood relations.
	tau'ta ei[h ajndrw'n ajgaqw'n: (that) this was (the duty) of good men (namely, to show...)

Section 119

	crhvmata....eJlevsqai: to prefer (alliance with) another estate or a man's good fortune (= a successful man). eJlevsqai is the 2nd aor. infin. midd. of aiJrevw.
	kai; gavr: for after all...
	gevnei o[nte" ejggutavtw: being next of kin
	toigavrtoi ejkei'na me;n.....nu'n de; dia; th;n hJmetevran ajrethvn tavde ejstai: Literally: In that case, then, this would have happened (i.e., claiming the daughters) because of Epilycus or his estate, but now this will happen because of our virtue. There has been some debate about what exactly was virtuous about taking over Epilycus' daughters, and what Andocides' and Leagros' real motives may have been. You might like to consider this question yourself. In any case, as Edwards comments, Andocides takes the opportunity to make great capital out of the affair.
	ejpidikavsomai: I shall enter a claim for myself "by the procedure epidikasia. A dead man's estate passed automatically to his sons or (if they were dead) to his subsequent descendants in the male line, but in other circumstances (as here) a claim had to be made to the archon. It was read out at the next regular meeting of the assembly, where it could be challenged." (Edwards)

	kai; h|" me;n....ajpevqanen: Literally: and the girl whom I claimed, by chance (tuvch/ crhsamevnh) having fallen ill died. kamou'sa is the 2nd aor. partic. of kavmnw, which here has the meaning "fall ill".
	tauvthn Kalliva" ejpeivqe....labei'n: Literally: Callias tried to persuade (the imperf. tense ejpeivqe here has the meaning "try to...") Leagros, promising money, to allow him to take this (daughter).
	paravstasin is a fee, "which in public arbitration was one drachma; but in inheritance cases claimants regularly deposited a sum equal to one-tenth of the value of the property." (Edwards)
	ejpidikavzesqai: the use of the pres. infin. here, in contrast to the aor., indicates that the claim should continue to be made.
	ejce tuvch/ ajgaqh/: keep her and good luck!