h\ mhvn is commonly used in protestations and oaths. We might translate ajrasavmenoi...divkaia thus: swearing that you would vote justly on my case, and invoking the greatest curses upon yourselves and your children (if you failed to do so)....
	pro;" de; touvtoi"....iJerav: and in addition to these things you (are men who - understood from oi{tine" above) are initiates (memuvhsqe) and have seen the sacred things (i.e. the rites) of the two goddesses....

	tw'n mhde;n....katagnw'nai: to convict (katagnw'nai) of impiety (ajsebei'n) those who have done no wrong (tw'n mhde;n hjdikhkovtwn - gen. after katagnw'nai).
	provĀ + gen. dual: in the name of the two goddesses
	h] a[llo" ti" peri; ejmou': or (if) anyone else (has laid information) concerning me

	moi is dat. of the agent with hJmavrthtai: But if no offence has been committed by me, ...
	eja;n ga;r mh; metalavbh/ to; pevmpton mevro" tw'n yhvfwn: If (Cephisius) does not obtain one-fifth of the votes... A prosecutor who not only lost his case but failed to obtain at least one-fifth of the votes cast could be liable to a fine of 1000 drachmas and suffer the loss of some of his civic rights, as indicated here. This provision was designed to discourage prosecutors, lured by the rewards they received from a successful prosecution, from bringing to court charges that were clearly unfounded.
	ajtimwqh'/ is the 3rd sing. aor. subj. pass. of ajtimovw which here means "punish with the loss of civic rights".
	ajpoqanei'tai is the 3rd sing. fut. indic. of ajpoqnhvskw.
	peri; touvtwn: concerning (i.e. against) these charges.

Sections 34-37 The Mutilation of the Hermae

Section 34

	ajnaqhmavtwn: I.e. hermae, images of the god Hermes, consisting of a square pillar surmounted by a head and often adorned with an erect phallus, commonly found at street corners.
	a[deian euJrovmeno": having obtained special dispensation. Teucrus was a metic, or resident alien, now living in Megara. He had advised the Boule (Council of 500) at Athens that he had information regarding the profanation of the Mysteries and the affair of the hermae. In effect this would mean bringing accusations against a person or persons in an Athenian court for offences against the state. As a non-citizen, he required special dispensation from the Boule before he could do this.
	mhnuvei periv......ajnaqhvmata: Literally: he gave information about the mysteries, what he knew, and about (those) having mutilated the images. Regarding the latter, Thucydides (6.27) states that it was the faces of the statues that were mutilated. One might have expected the phallus to be a more likely target - though K.J. Dover may well be right in his suggestion that most of the hermae had probably already lost their phalluses "through normal wear and tear".
	kai; ajpogravfei....: The list of the eighteen who were denounced was presented to the Boule, to whom the Assembly had granted full authority to deal with the matter.
	sullhfqevnte" is the aor. partic. pass. of sullambavnw, here used with the meaning "arrest".
	ajnavgnwqi is the 2nd sing. 2nd aor. imperative of ajnagignwvskw, which here means "read".

	toivnun: Well now.... toivnun picks up the thread of the narrative after the list of names have been read out.
	w|n o{sti"....ajpevqanen: Literally: whoever of these (i.e. the relatives of those executed) wishes, let him, having stood up in (the time allotted to) my speech, prove against me (me ejlegxavtw) either that because of me any of these men was banished or put to death.

	Peivsandro": See note on sec. 27.
	Cariklh'": Charicles, like Peisander, was also to change his political allegiances. After serving as a naval commander in 413, he subsequently became a member of the Council of 400, set up in the context of the oligarchic revolution of 411.
	o[nte" ....zhthtw'n: being (members) of those enquiring - i.e. being members of the commission of enquiry (appointed by the Assembly). zhthtw'n is a partitive genitive.
	ajll! ejpi; th'/...kataluvsei: but for (the purpose of) the overthrow of the democratic government. Thucydides also believes that this affair and the profanation of the Mysteries had as their ultimate objective the overthrow of the democracy (cf. Thucydides 6.27.3, 28.2, 53.3).
	kai; crh'nai...: A further indirect statement after e[legon: and that it was necessary to continue the investigation and not to cease (i.e. without let-up).
	ou{tw" dievkeito: "'was in such a state' of panic. The subsequent optatives and imperfects show that the panic lasted for some time." (MacDowell)
	kai; to; shmei'on kaqevloi: and took down the signal. This signal was "displayed from the Bouleuterion (Council House) to show that it was time to meet, and taken down when business was about to commence." (Jebb). "No one knows what the signal was, nor whether the taking down of it marked the start of a meeting of the Council, or merely the end of a meeting of the Assembly, which would generally be followed by a meeting of the Council." (MacDowell). kaqevloi is the 3rd sing. 2nd aor. opt. act. of kaqairevw.
	tw'/ aujtw'/ shmeivw/....sullhfqeivh: Literally: with the same signal the Council went into the Council House while they (the people in the Agora) fled from the Agora, each and every one fearing that he would be arrested.
	kai; hJ povli"....sullhfqeivh: We might translate this freely as follows: Such was the feeling of the populace that when the herald summoned the Council into session and took down the signal, the same signal which brought the Council into session also caused a general flight from the Agora through widespread fear of arrest.

	wJ" d! i[doi....e[lege: Literally: he said how (wJ" here = o{tw/ trovpw/) he saw and happened upon the affair - i.e. how he came to be an eye-witness of the affair.
	touvtoi"....prosevconta" to;n nou'n ajnamimnhv/skesqai: Literally: I ask of you, gentlemen, turning your attention to these things, to recall.... prosevconta" belongs in sense with uJmw'n, which is gen. with the verb devomai. The accus. uJma'" has to be understood as the subject of the following infinitives. This change of case commonly occurs with the expression devomai uJmw'n.

	e[fh.....ajpoforavn: An instance of mevn...dev... used not to contrast but to link two statements by "and": He said he had a slave at Laurium and he had to collect his fee. The reference is to Athens' silver mines in the south east of Attica. Most of the workers in the mines were slaves who had been hired out by their owners. Thus Diocleides was on his way to the mines to collect his fee for the hire of his slave. ajndravpodovn oiJ: oiJ is the dat. sing. of the 3rd pers. pronoun, possessive dat. with ajndravpodon.
	yeusqei;" th'" w{ra": Literally: having been mistaken as to the time. yeusqeiv" is the aor. pass. partic. of yeuvdw, which in the passive is regularly used with the gen. case.
	bavdizein, ei\nai etc.: The series of infins. follows e[fh, indicating that we are being given Diocleides' version of events - a version which may well be untrue. According to Plutarch (Life of Alcibiades 20.8), the hermae were mutilated on the last night of the month, when there was no full moon.
	propuvlaion tou' Dionuvsou: the entrance to the theatre of Dionysus which lay at the base of the Acropolis on the south-east.
	tou' !Wideivou: the "music hall" of Pericles, which lay next to the theatre.
	th;n ojrchvstran: the circular "dancing floor" of the theatre, between the auditorium and the stage, where the chorus performed in Greek plays.
	oJ strathgov" oJ calkou'": i.e. the bronze statue of the general, either Miltiades or Themistocles, both of whose statues we know stood in the theatre. Militiades was particularly remembered for his victory over the Persian forces at Marathon in 490, Themistocles as the architect of the Athenian naval victory over the Persians at Salamis ten years later.
	eJstavnai....ei[kosin: eJstavnai, the poetical form of the perf. infin. of i{sthmi, is here used after the infin. oJra'n. We find occasional parallel constructions elsewhere (e.g. in Thucydides), but we would normally expect a participial construction after a verb of perceiving.

tou'q! uJpevqeto....o{ti oujk h\n: uJpevqeto is the 3rd sing. 2nd aor. indic. midd. of uJpotivqhmi. In the middle voice, the verb has the meaning "I assume, suppose". Literally: he assumed this (story) - a monstrous thing-to-do, I think - in order that he might be in a position to declare (favnai) whichever of the Athenians he wished was among these men but to say whichever (of them) he did not wish was not (among them). The first o{ntina clause and the following infin. construction belong with favnai, the second o{ntina clause and the following o{ti construction belong with levgein. More freely: He made up this story - an outrageous thing to do in my opinion - so that he'd be in a position where he could declare that any Athenian was or was not among these men just as he wished.

	h{kwn....mna'": hJ/rhmevnou" is the perf. partic. pass. of aiJrevw, used here with the meaning "chosen", qualifying zhthtav" (commissioners of enquiry). The participial construction is used after katalambavnein, which here has the sense of a verb of perceiving. Translate: Returning to town (i.e. to Athens) he found that commissioners of enquiry had already been chosen, and that a reward of 100 minas had been proclaimed.
	Callias was Andocides' brother-in-law.
	to; Hfaistei'on: the temple of Hephaestus, one of the best preserved of all Greek temples, lying to the west of the Agora.
	ou[koun devoito...par! hJmw'n: ou[koun = "not therefore". devoito is an optative in indirect speech, representing devomai in direct speech. Literally: He would therefore not seek (he said) to take money from the city rather than from us. More freely: So, he said, he would rather take money from us than from the city.
	eijpei'n....eijpwvn: The indirect speech continues. Eu[fhmon is the subject-accusative of the infin. eijpei'n, and eijpei'n is followed by an indirect statement introduced by o{ti. Literally: Euphemus said that he did well saying this. More freely: Euphemus said that it was decent of him to say this.
	kai; nu'n...oiJ: oiJ is an ethic dative, representing moi in direct speech. As noted in sec. 13, the ethic dative has no close grammatical relationship with the rest of the sentence. Translate it simply as "please". He bade him please come now...
	i{na...: Note the sudden switch to direct speech. Translate: "so that, together with me, you might meet Andocides there and the others who are involved."

	kai; dh; kovptein....: kai; dhv means and even now. We are meant to visualise what is actually happening: and (that) he's even now knocking at the door... In your translation, retain the vivid present tense in both this and the clause which follows: my father happens to be on his way out.
	"A\rav ge se;...": Be sure to keep the emphasis on sev in your translation: "Is it you that they're waiting for?"
	crh; mevntoi....fivlou": Translate mevntoi here as "certainly". The sentence is a little ambiguous. We could translate it either: You certainly should not turn away friends like them. Or: We certainly should not turn away friends like you.
	ajpwvllue is the 3rd sing. imperf. indic. act. of ajpovllumi. Here again the imperf. is used with the sense "try to": he was trying to destroy...
	suneidovta: The participle is due to ajpofaivnwn. Verbs of showing are often used with a participial construction. Translate: (allegedly) showing that he was in the plot. Your translation should make it clear that the speaker himself does not accept the truth of this statement.
	eijpei'n de; hJma'"....: Diocleides' account continues. hJma'" is the accus. subject of eijpei'n. Literally: (He said) that we said that it had been decided by us....
	duvo tavlanta: two talents = 120 minas.
	eijpei'n de; hJma'".....devxasqai: Note the three occurrences of dev in this sentence after eijpei'n, e[an, and pivstin. It is used to mark the three undertakings allegedly given to Diocleides. Translate: firstly.... secondly.... thirdly.....

Section 42

	o{ti bouleuvsoito: that he would think it over. The fut. opt. represents bouleuvsomai in direct speech.
	eij" Kallivou tou' Thloklevou": to (the house) of Callias, (son) of Telocles.
	ajpwvlluen: Once more we have an imperf. tense used with the sense "try to".
	ejn ajkropovlei: "An appropriate place for giving a pledge or taking an oath. (MacDowell) Note that you can either include or omit the definite article with ajkrovpoli".
	eij" to;n eijsiovnta mh'na: in the incoming month. "eij" with an accus. (instead of a dat. with no preposition) is often used to denote a point of time in the future at which it is intended to do something." (MacDowell).

	aujtw'/: possessive dat. with eijsaggeliva.
	w|n: The relative pronoun is here attracted into agreement with its antecedent ajndrw'n: the names of the men whom he said he knew.
	bouleuta;"....e[ndon: i.e. members of the Council who were at that time sitting in the Bouleuterion, the Council's meeting chamber.
	crh'nai is infin. after e[fh, and is followed by the infins. luvein and ajnabibavzein. Literally: Peisander said it was necessary to repeal the decree.... and to bring up to the wheel those denounced....
	to; ejpi; Skamandrivou yhvfisma: the decree passed during the archonship of Scamander. This decree apparently forbade the torture of Athenian citizens. The date of Scamander's archonship is unknown.
	o{pw" mhv with fut. indicative is regularly used after a verb meaning "see to it, take care, make sure". In this particular case, such a verb is implied from the context.

	ejpi; th;n eJstivan ejkaqevzonto: they went to sit at the altar - i.e. they sought sanctuary. The Council Chamber contained a shrine of both Zeus and Athene.
	ejxegguhqevnte" is the aor. partic. pass. of ejxegguavw, which means "provide bail for".
	kriqh'nai is the aor. infin. pass. of krivnw, which here means "judge". Literally: (begging not to be tortured) but having been granted bail to be put on trial. That is, to be granted bail and given a trial.
	katalipovnte" tou;" ejgguhta;"....hjgguhvsanto: Leaving behind their guarantors who were (thus) subject to the same penalties as those for whom they served as guarantors. See the note on sec. 2. ejnevcesqai: ejnevcw is used in the passive with the meaning "be liable/subject to" (+ dat.).

	ejn ajporrhvtw: in secret. This apparently refers to a secret decision made by the Council for carrying out the arrests.
	tou;"....Qhsei'on: those resident within (the region of) the Long Walls (were to go) to the Theseum... The original Long Walls, built at the end of the Persian invasions (first two decades of the 5th century), linked Athens with its port Peiraeus and Phaleron. In the 440's, a third, middle wall was also built. The temple of Theseus was built on the north side of the Acropolis, east of the Agora.
	th;n @Ippodameivan ajgoravn: This was the agora at Peiraeus. It was named after the 5th century architect Hippodamus, who came from Miletus on the west coast of Asia Minor and designed Peiraeus.
	tou;" de; iJppeva"....!Anavkeion: These words can be interpreted in different ways. Perhaps the most likely interpretation is along these lines: (And they ordered the generals(?)) to give a signal by trumpet for the knights to come to the Anaceum before daybreak (e[ti nuktov"). The Anaceum was the temple of the Dioscuri, Castor and Polydeuces, sons of Zeus and also known as the Anaces. Their temple stood on the north side of the Acropolis.
	tou;" prutavnei": See note on sec. 12.
	Boiwtoiv: The sudden appearance of Boeotian forces on the border between Boeotia and Attica, apparently ready to invade Attica, and the allegedly large number of conspirators identified by Diocleides, explain the extensive measures taken by the Council to meet the crisis. Some scholars have speculated that the appearance of the Boeotians may have been in response to an invitation from an oligarchic group in Athens who sought to betray the city to the enemy. See also Thucydides 6.61.2 (we shall be dealing with this passage below) who refers to the arrival of a Spartan force at this time at the Isthmus of Corinth. There has been much inconclusive debate about what connection if any there was between events in Athens and the movement of enemy forces towards the borders of Attica.
	to;n de;....swth'ra: The accusatives are due to the verb h\gon and the participle stefanwvsante": Literally: Having garlanded Diocleides, the cause of these evils, (regarding him) as being saviour of the city, they drove (him) by chariot to the Prytaneum... The Prytaneum, probably the original meeting place of the Council's Standing Committee, was now used for a range of official functions, including dinners for great benefactors of the state.
	ejdeivpnei: Note the force of the imperfect. Diocleides was being entertained to a public dinner - while the city was in turmoil.