Dorival M Pedroso
Civil Eng, MSc & PhD in Geomechanics
Brief info
My main interests are on Computational Mechanics in the Civil and Mining engineering.
Currently, I work as a Lecturer of Civil Engineering (Geomechanics) at The University of Queensland, Australia, Golder Geomechanics Centre
I have been developing constitutive equations for a range of soils and other granular materials, mostly based upon the results of conventional and true triaxial and hollow cylinder testing of materials. These models have addressed complicated soil behaviour such as soil-water-air multiphase interaction, over-consolidation, structure dependency, stress-path dependency, and change of stiffness due to cyclic loading. They rely heavily on refined concepts from continuum mechanics, with or without large deformation.
For the governing partial differential equations (Differential Algebraic System - DAS), I have been studying different algorithms for numerical solutions in time (Runge-Kutta implicit/explicit) and space via the finite volume method (FVM), finite element method (FEM), discrete element method (DEM), and the material point method (MPM). These algorithms include 3D geometry and coupling between soil (unsaturated) and water, in addition to thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical (THCM) coupling.
In addition, I have been developing computer tools for the simulation of 3D problems in mechanics. A complete programming library (MechSys - Open Library for Mechanical Systems) was developed and made available for free with open source on the web (http://mechsys.nongnu.org). This library includes a FEM program (Finite Element Method) for the study of the mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of soils, rocks, geotextiles, and granular materials, either fully or partially saturated.
MechSys includes structures for efficient linear algebra, numerical methods, tensor calculus, material modelling, optimization, mesh generation, and friendly user interface (with CAD - Computer Aided Design and GUI - Graphical User Interface).
I have also experience with a range of commercial computer tools such as SAP2000, Plaxis, FLAC, UDEC, GeoSlope, SoilVision, ABAQUS, Midas/GTS, Phase2D, RocSupport, RocLab, and others.
Lately, I have been supervising 3 PhD students, 1 MSc student, and 3 research associates (post-docs) at the Golder Geomechanics Centre in Australia.
The courses I used to teach and am currently teaching include:
- Engineering Programming (GENG1002, The University of Newcastle, 2/2007)
- Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics (CIVL2210, The University of Queensland, 2/2008/2009, 2/2009)
- Numerical Methods in Geomechanics (CIVL4250, The University of Queensland, 1/2009)
Journals Papers
- PEDROSO, D. M., Williams, D. J. (2010) A novel approach for modelling soil-water characteristic curves with hysteresis. Computers and Geotechnics. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2009.12.004
- Torres, S., Marroquin, F., Wang, Y., PEDROSO, D. M., Castano, J. (2009) Molecular dynamics simulation of complex particles in three dimensions and the study of friction due to nonconvexity. Physical Review E, 79, 060301. dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.060301
- Farias, M. M., PEDROSO, D. M., Nakai, T. (2008) Automatic substepping integration of the subloading tij model with stress path dependent hardening, Computers and Geotechnics, 36(4), 537-548. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.11.003
- Buzzi, O., PEDROSO, D. M., Giacomini, A. (2008) Caveats on the implementation of the Generalized Material Point Method, Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 31(2), 85-106. abstract
- PEDROSO, D. M., Sheng, D., Sloan, S. W. (2008) Stress update algorithm for elastoplastic models with non-convex yield surfaces, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 76(13), 2029-2062. dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.2407
- PEDROSO, D. M., Sheng, D., Zhao, J. (2008) The concept of reference curves for constitutive modelling in soil mechanics, Computer and Geotechnics, 36(1-2), 149-165. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.01.009
- Sheng, D., PEDROSO, D. M., Abbo, A. J. (2008) Stress path dependency and nonconvexity of unsaturated soil models, Computational Mechanics, 42(5), 685-694. dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00466-008-0268-0
- Zhao, J. D., PEDROSO, D. M. (2008) Strain gradient elasticity in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, International Journal of Solids Structures, 45(11-12), 3507-3520. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.02.011
- PEDROSO, D. M., Farias, M. M., Nakai, T. (2005) An interpretation of subloading tij model in the context of conventional elastoplasticity theory, Soils and Foundations, 45(4), 61-78. ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003983950 abstract
- Farias, M. M., Nakai, T., Shahin, H. M., PEDROSO, D. M., Passos, P. G. O., Hinokio, M. (2005) Ground densification due to sand compaction piles, Soils and Foundations, 45(2), 167-180. ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003969749 abstract
Sofware
Table 1: Free software with open source (GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, MS Windows)
| FAILPLOT | Failure criteria and yield surfaces visualization tool. Didactic tool for the visualization of common failure criteria and yield surfaces in the Haigh-Westergaard principal stress space MechSys. |
| LABTESTSIM | Laboratory test simulator - mechanical behaviour. Tool for the simulation of the local mechanical behaviour of materials via continuum mechanics. Eight constitutive models for soils, including for unsaturated soils are available MechSys. |
| PRMSEEK | Constitutive parameters optimizer. This program finds the best constitutive parameters for constitutive models basing on a large set of experimental data from mechanical tests, such as the true triaxial and hollow-cylinder tests MechSys. |
| MECHSYS | Open library for mechanical systems. C++ library for the efficient implementation of computational tools for the study of the continuum mechanical behaviour of bodies and structures http://mechsys.nongnu.org MechSys. |
| MSYS/FEM | Parallel 3D finite element program with soil-water coupling. This tool has a non-linear solver which is able to solve quasi-static soil-water coupled problems based on the mechanics for unsaturated soils http://mechsys.nongnu.org MechSys. |
| MSYS/MPM | Material Point Method for Geotechnical Engineering. Tool for large deformation analyses of geotechnical problems with or without particle separation such as in EIPFC (explosions, impact, penetration, fracture, contact) |
| MSYS/DEM | Discrete Element Method for Geotechnical Engineering. Tool for large deformation analyses of geotechnical problems |
| MSYS/LAEXPR | Matrix/vector expressions template library C++ library for the efficient implementation of linear algebra via the expressions template technique. Operations between matrices and vectors are available using operator overloading, however, free from temporary structures MechSys. |
| SGA | Simple genetic algorithms in parallel library. C++ classes for the implementation of genetic algorithm optimisers SGA. |
| TENSORS | Tensor analysis library. C++ library for the efficient implementation of tensor analyses. This theory is strongly used in constitutive modelling of materials. This library uses direct, tensorial, or Gibbs notation resulting in a convenient methodology for the implementation of constitutive equations Tensors. |
Civil Engineering Design
Table 2: Designs I have developed - Architecture, foundations, structures, and installations (water supply, sewage, fire protection, electricity, telephone, and data network)
| Year | Name | Purposes | Storeys | Area | Structure |
| 2006 | Justino Ribeiro Bldg. | Apartments | 4 | 1406.96 m2 | Reinf. Concrete |
| 2000 | Santa Isabel Bldg. | Apartments | 4 | 720.00 m2 | Reinf. Concrete |
| 1999 | Aphonsiano College | Educational | 7 | 8995.14 m2 | Reinf. Concrete |
| 1999 | Mrs. Madalena | Residential | 2 | 250.00 m2 | Reinf. Concrete |
| 1999 | Euro Centre English Course | Educational | 2 | 631.20 m2 | Reinf. Concrete |
| 1997 | Ms. Elzites | Residential | 1 | 185.42 m2 | Reinf. Concrete |
| 1997 | Mr. Adriano | Residential | 1 | 274.48 m2 | Reinf. Concrete |
| 1996 | Mr. Marcos | Residential | 2 | 298.40 m22 | Reinf. Concrete |
Current research -- Geomechanics
Among engineering geologists, mining engineers, civil engineers, and other engineering sciences the uniform term of GEOMECHANICS is well known and accepted. It distinguishes the science of displacements and forces in the technically relevant part of the crust of Earth. The range of application of geomechanics is therefore considerable (see e.g., Gudehus, 1977).
A: GeoFEM Project -- Finite Element Method in Geomechanics
Geomechanics is more complex than other branches of technical mechanics, for instance fluid mechanics or the theory of elasticity, because of the highly non-linear and heterogeneous nature of geo-materials. Very often, the solution based on a rational mathematical representation of problems in geomechanics can not be easily found. Therefore, a numerical approach has to be employed, specially if one requires information on safety and efficiency of a geo-structure. The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical tool that can provide reasonable accurate approximations to these problems in an efficient manner.
Several FE programs, both commercial or not are available.
Among free software with open source there are:
- MechSys mechsys.nongnu.org
- FEApv www.ce.berkeley.edu/~rlt/feappv/
- CalcuLiX www.calculix.de/
- OpenFOAM www.opencfd.co.uk/openfoam/
- OpenFEM www-rocq.inria.fr/OpenFEM/
- FreeFEM www.freefem.org/
- Salome www.salome-platform.org
- Code_Aster www.code-aster.org
- OpenSees opensees.berkeley.edu/
Among well known commercial ones there are:
- GeoStudio www.geo-slope.com
- Plaxis www.plaxis.nl
- FLAC (finite differences, actually) www.itascacg.com/software/index.html
- Midas/GTS www.midas-diana.com/gts/
- ABAQUS www.simulia.com/
MechSys (http://mechsys.nongnu.org) is a powerful tool; it includes programs based on numerical methods but is also a library for generic computational mechanics. MechSys/FEM is a powerful FE package including a friendly graphical interface (GUI based on Blender www.blender.org) with CAD and mesh generators (Triangle http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~quake/triangle.html and TetGen http://tetgen.berlios.de/). Visualization of specific variables of structural mechanics is also available through this interface (GUI) and advanced visualization is seamless integrated with ParaView (http://www.paraview.org). Internally, MechSys/FEM implements advanced numerical techniques for the solution of highly non-linear problems including three-phase coupling rendering an efficient, accurate, and easy to use computational environment.
This project involves:
- Extension of MechSys for specific problems, specially regarding the addition of new elements and numerical schemes;
- Development of friendly graphical interface for MechSys;
- Application of MechSys to the solution of engineering (civil, mining, soil-structure) problems;
Project examples:
- Efficient stress-update algorithm for soil models
- Efficient global FE non-linear solvers
- Embedded elements for Geomechanics
- Structural elements for soil-structure interaction
- Implementation of accurate 2D and 3D elements
- Simulation of embankment, excavation, or pile-driving
Requirements:
- Analytical and algorithmic skills;
First steps:
- Ubuntu/Linux
- Quick introduction with Blender;
- Quick tutorial on Python;
Tools:
- Eclipse/CDT + PyDev
- MechSys
- MechSys/FEM
Advanced steps:
- Introduction to C++ programming.
B: GeoModel Project -- Geomaterials Modelling
Geomaterials such as sands, clay, rock, and concrete are involved in a very large number of engineering applications (geotechnical, structural, petroleum, environmental, etc) and have for this reason been the subject of much research. Common to all geomaterials is their porous structure comprising a solid (often called the matrix) permeated by a network of pores which may be filled with a fluid (liquid or gas). The properties of interest usually revolve around their response to mechanical loading and their ability to conduct fluids. Other important aspects include heat conduction, wave propagation and the diffusion of various substances through the pore network.
Project examples:
- Non-linear elastic models
- Discrete models
- Multiscale models
- Elastoplastic models for soils and rocks
Tools:
- Eclipse/CDT + PyDev
- Tensors
- MechSys
C: CFDFire Project -- Computational Fluid Dynamics for Fire Simulation
Fires in tunnels are a major hazard to human life and can cause costly damage to surrounding infrastructure. Limited escape facilities and difficulties encountered by intervention forces gaining access to an emergency in a tunnel demand extensive safety arrangements which must also be complementary and mutually coordinated.
Tunnels and underground transport facilities are important means of communication, not only in terms of shorter journeys but increasingly for consideration of the local population and the environment. Generally speaking, important underground transport links are expected to be available without any restrictions and to operate smoothly round the clock. Interruptions due to accidents, technical malfunctions or maintenance work quickly cause traffic jams and delays, and figure in transport policy statistics as economic losses.
Tools:
- Eclipse/CDT + PyDev
- MechSys
- OpenFOAM
Project examples
- Simulation of fire in tunnels
- ...
D: AIEng Project -- Optimization in Engineering using Artificial Intelligence
Many optimization problems from the industrial engineering world, in particular the manufacturing systems, are very complex in natura and quite hard to be solved by conventional optimization techniques. Since the 1960s, there has been an increasing interest in imitating living beings to solve such problems. Generally, by simulating the natural process results in stochastic optimization techniques such as those called evolutionary algorithms. One subset of these algorithms is the genetic algorithms.
Recently, genetic algorithms have received considerable attention regarding their potential as an optimization technique for complex problems and have been successfully applied in the area of industrial engineering. The well-known applications include scheduling and sequencing, reliability design, vehicle routing and scheduling, group technology, facility layout and location, transportation, and many others (see e.g Gen and Cheng, 1997).
Project examples:
- Granular matter generation via GA
- Optimization of parameters for geomaterial' models
- Slope stability analysis using GA
- ...
Tools:
- Eclipse/CDT + PyDev
- MechSys
- SGA sga.nongnu.org