topicIndexP

School Science Lessons
Chemistry index and minerals P
2012-05-19 SP
Please send comments to: J.Elfick@uq.edu.au

Table of contents
| 1,2,3 | A | B | C | DEF | GH | IJK | L | M | N | O | P | QR | S | T to Z |

Index items P
p-aminobenzoic acid, par-amino benzoic acid, PABA, allowable active ingredient in sunblocks (sunscreens)
p-aminophenol, photography developer
Packaging gases, propellants, food additive: 19.4.4.22
Paints, safety advice for paints and paint strippers: 19.6.1
Palladium
Palmitic acid, hexadecanoic acid, saturated fatty acid, CH₃(CH₂)₁₄CO₂H, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, most animals and plants
Palmitoyl chloride
Palm oil: Composition of edible oils: 19.2.1.1.1
Palm kernel oil: Composition of edible oils: 19.2.1.1.1
Palmityl alcohol, hexadecan-1-ol, cetyl alcohol, 1-hexadecanol, CH₃(CH₂)15OH
Palmityl alcohol, CH₃(CH₂)₁₄CH₂OH, hexadecanol, Melting point of different substances: 7.4.2.0
Pampl's fluid, insect fixing fluid: 4.13
Pancreatin (contains pancreatic enzymes, trypsin, amylase, and lipase), a commercial digestive aid from animal pancreas
Pantothenic acid, hemicalcium salt
Papain powder, enzyme mixture from white sap of Papaya, used as meat tenderizer, some people allergic to it
Paper, plant origin writing material, papyrus from Cyperus papyrus, papyrus, flat sedge, Cyperaceae, (paper and papyrus from Greek: papuros)
Paper chromatography, separate mixed inks with paper chromatography: 3.24.1
Paper chromatography, separate pigments from green leaves with paper chromatography: 3.24
Paper clips and rusting: 5.5.13
Parabens, HO.C₆H₄.CO.O-R, where R = alkyl group: 16.3.4.0.12
Paracetamol, aromatic acids and their derivatives: 16.3.4.0.11
Paracetamol, Acetaminophen, C₈H₉O₂, (Paracetamol, Tylenol) relieves pain and fever: 11.11.6
Paracetamol glucuronide
Paracetamol, Separate aspirin, caffeine and paracetamol with thin layer plate chromatography: 10.2.2.6
Paracresol, p-cresol, (CH₃)C₆H₄(OH), component of pig and human smell
Paradichlorbenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, Reactions of chlorine with benzene: 13.4.6
Paradimethyl-benzene, xylene
Paraffin
Paraldehyde, C₆H₁₂O₃, former sedative
Paraquat herbicide: 16.13.7.4
Parchment, treated animal skin writing material or paper imitation (parchment,French: parchemin, pergumin, writing material)
Paris green
Particles: 3.0.0
Particles of matter, Diffusion: 10.1.0
Parts per million, ppm, (1 ppm = 1 mg per litre): 3.7.1
Pascal, SI derived units, (pressure, stress): 6.3.3.0
Pastes, Glues and pastes, adhesives: 9.0.0
Pasteurization and UHT: 19.3.6.12
PCBs, Polychlorinated biphenyls
Peanuts (groundnuts)
Pectins in apple: 16.3.1.8
Pectins in jelly and jam: 19.2.9
Pectins, Pectinase, Enzyme technology: 7.1.1
Pectins, Prepare pectinase, an enzyme that decomposes pectin: 4.2.9
Pegmatite, beryl, topaz, tourmaline, zircon: 35.21.3 (Geology)
Penicillin
Pennyroyal oil, oil of pennyroyal, deters moths and fleas, from Mentha pulegium, pennyroyal, Lamiaceae
Pent-1-ene, n-amylene
Pentan-1-ol, C₅H₁₂O, 1-pentanol, n-amyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, normal amyl alcohol, Toxic by all routes, Flammable
Pentan-1-ol, Solution < 25%, Not hazardous
Pentan-2-ol, C₅H₁₂O, 2-pentanol, sec-amyl alcohol, n-pentyl alcohol, Toxic by all routes, Flammable
Pentan-2-one, methyl propyl ketone, Toxic by all routes, Highly flammable
Pentan-3-one, diethyl ketone, Toxic by all routes, Highly flammable
Pentane-1,5 diol
Pentanedioic acid, glutaric acid, (not glutamic acid!) COOH(CH₂)₃COOH
Pentane, n-pentane, C₅H₁₂, colourless liquid,
Pentane, Highly flammable, so use other less volatile alkanes: 13.1.32
Pentanoic acid, valeric acid: 16.3.6.1.7
Pentobarbital sodium salt, barbiturates, phenobarbital, amylobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental: 11.11.7
Pentose, d-xylose
Pentyl-
Pepsin, use 1% solutions, Digestion in the stomach, reaction of pepsin: 9.221
Peptides, polypeptides, amino acids: 16.3.6.0.0
Peptides: 16.11.13
Peptides, fibrous proteins and globular proteins, collagen, peptides and polypeptides: 16.3.6.0.2
Peptides, proteins, peptides, amino acids: 16.6.1.1
Peptone, nutrient for bacterial cultures
Peptone (meat)
Percentage recovery, %, Conservation of mass in a cycle of copper reactions,
the copper cycle experiment: 12.1.3
Percentage solutions, %: 5.1.11
Perchlorates, ClO₄^-, Potassium perchlorate should not be used or stored in a school science laboratory.
Perchloric acid, HClO₄
Perfluorooctanoic acid: 16.3.8.5
Perfume, volatility of different liquids: 3.7
Perfumes and smells, (cosmetics): 19.7.1
Periclase, magnesium oxide, MgO
Periodic acid, Toxic by all routes, explosive mixture with combustibles or organic compounds
Periodic table: 12.19.10
Periodic table: Table 1
Periodic variations: Table 1
Periodic table, (Compare calcium and magnesium) Calcium,
Periodic table, Reactions of calcium and its compounds: 12.4.1 (See 1.1)
Periods: Table 1
Perlite, treated volcanic glass to be porous, for chemical spills to replace vermiculite, in cat litter
Perlon plastic, Fibre from polycaprolactam: 3.7.6.1
Permanent wave, Permanent crease solution, hair straightening, sodium metabisulfite: 19.5.6
Permanganate ion, Reactions of the manganate (VII) ion (permanganate ion), MnO₄^-: 15.4.0
Permanganates, hazards: 3.7.12
Peroxides, hazards: 3.7.13
Peroxides, Organic peroxides: 4.15
Persistence (pesticides and weedicides): 6.9.18.6
Perspex
Perthite
Pesticides: 6.9.18.0
Pethidine, morphine and derivatives, codeine, heroin, methadone, abuse of volatile substances: 11.11.14
Petri dishes: 1.31
Petrolatum
Petroleum, petrol
pH
Phase, Continuous phase / outer phase: 7.9.15
Phenanthroline
Phenethylamine group of alkaloids: 16.3.6.2.7
Phenetole, ethoxybenzene, use in fume cupboard or < 10 g in cross ventilation, Toxic by all routes
Phenidone, 1-phenyl-4-methyl-3-pyrazolidone, photography developer, use solution < 20%,
Harmful by all routes
Phenobarbital, barbiturates, phenobarbital, amylobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental: 11.11.7
Phenol, phenols, carbolic acid, (See: Cresylic acid)
Phenol red
Phenolphthalein, (acid-base indicator, 3.0): 3.0
Phenothiazine, S(C₆H₄)₂NH, psychoactive drug
Phenoxyethanol, 2-phenoxy-1-ethanol. C₈H₁₀O₂, colourless, oily, bactericide, in sunscreens and cosmetics
Phenyl, C₆H₅-
Phenylalanine, Table of the 20 α-amino acids: 16.3.6.1.2 (See 14.)
Phloroglucinol, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene
Phosphates
Phospholipids, (phosphoglycerides): 16.3.3.0.1
Phosphorescence, luminescence, chemiluminescence, fluorescence: 7.2.2.33.1
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorus
Phosphorus compounds
Phosphorylation: 16.11.14
Photography, Silver chloride precipitate in photography, silver nitrate: 7.8.7.1
Photography, reactions of silver halides: 12.19.4.0
Photography wastes, Disposal of photography wastes: 15.1.9.1
Photochemical reactions
Photolysis: 7.9.42
Photosynthesis equation, carbon dioxide and photosynthesis: 3.36
Photosynthetic pigments: 9.3
Photosynthetic pigments: 16.3.5.1.9.3
Phthalates: 3.0.4
Phthaleins, 3, 3-bis(hydroxyaryl), -2-benzofuran-1(3H), -ones, (condensation of phthalic anhydride with phenols), phenolphthalein
Phthaleins, Fluorescein: 16.3.5.4
Phthallic acid, benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Phthallic anhydride, benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, phthalandione, Toxic if ingested, strong skin irritant
Phycobilins, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin: 16.3.5.2.6
Phycobiliproteins, Anabaena azollae, the water fern Azolla: 16.3.5.2.5
Physics laboratory safety: 7.0.0
Physical hazards (Draft Australian criteria for the classification of hazardous chemicals): 4.0.0
Physics syllabus
Physics Appendix: 11.0
Physostigmine: 16.1.5.6.01
Phytochromes: 16.3.5.2.7
Picrates, salts of picric acid, (2,4,6-trinitrophenol)
Picric acid, (NO₂)₃C₆H₂OH, carbazotic acid, Toxic if ingested, skin irritant, Not permitted in schools
PIDCP, phenol-indo-2,6-dichlorophenol DCPIP, solution, tablets,
PIDCP, Tests for vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid): 9.143 (See 1.)
Piezoelectricity, Voltage produced by mechanical stress to crystals: 4.1.2
Pigments, separate pigments from green leaves with paper chromatography: 3.24
Pigments: Dyes
Pigment names, C.I. numbers: 8.0
Pindone: 16.3.10.1
Pinene, Dienes, isoprene units, 16.1.1.2.2
Piped gas, lab gas
Piperonyl butoxide, organochlorine insecticide: 16.13.3.2.1
Pipettes, safety, handling chemicals: 3.4.10 (See 6.)
Pipettes: 1.25
Pitch blende, UO₂, pitch ore, Uraninite: 35.20.46 (Geology)
pK: 7.9.44
Placer deposits: 35.3.03 (Geology)
Plagioclase feldspar, NaAlSi₃O₈, CaAl₂Si₂O₈
Plant physiology, food tests: 9.3.11.0
Plaster of Paris
Plasticine, modelling clay
Plating, electroplating, chromium, copper, nickel, silver, zinc plating: 15.1.0
Platinum
Plutonium, Pu, Table of the elements
PMMA
Poison, Hazard classifications: 15.1.0
Poisons, Toxicity, Poisons and First aid: 3.10.0
Poisons, Chemical Pesticides: 16.13.8.5
Poisson's ratio, v: 34.5.06
Polar covalent bonds, Covalent bonds: 3.01.2 (See 2.)
"Polaroid" sheet: 3.6.12
Pollution, environmental chemistry: 18.0.0
Pollution, Environmental pollution: 34.4.0
Polonium, Po, Table of the elements
Poly- Prefix denoting a polymer, Plastics with name of polymer beginning "Poly-"
Polyacrylamide, 12% precast polyacrylamide gel
Polyacrylic acid, water-soluble polyelectrolyte used to increase viscosity of building substances
Polyacrylonitrile synthetic fibre, PAN: 3.7.5
Polyalkanes, polyolefins: 3.7.25
Polyamide, aromatics, aromatic compounds, benzene derivatives, ring systems: 16.3.4.0
Polychlorinated, biphenyls, BCBs, carcinogenic, in old fluorescent battens, Not permitted in schools
Polycyclic aromatics: 16.3.5.0
Polyesters: 3.7.14
Polyethylene glycol: 3.5.4
Polyethylene glycol, Electroplating, zinc plating of copper: 15.1.6
Polyethylene oxide, Poly-Ox, self-siphoning gel See pdf
Polyketides, polyketide antibiotics: 16.3.2.7
Polymerization reactions: 12.2.7.0
Polymers and plastics: 1.0.0
Polymers and plastics (experiments): 3.4.0
Polymethyl methacrylate
Polyolefins, polyalkanes, 3.7.25
Polyprotic acids: 12.3.0.2
Polysaccharide gums: 16.3.2.9
Polysaccharides: 16.3.1.4.3
Polytetrafluoroetheylene, PTFE, tetrafluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethene, "Teflon": 3.7.32
Polytetrafluoroethylene, Magnesium with PTFE, 16.2.2
Polyurethane adhesives or surface coatings, e.g. hexamethyl diisocyanate, HMDI, irritants
Polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylacetate, PVAC (but also called PVA): 3.7.36
Polyvinyl alcohol, PVA, PVOH, Harmful: 3.6.13.1
Polyvinyl chloride, PVC, solid PVC, non-toxic but Harmful if dust ingested
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, food additive, E1202, synthetic protein, stabilizer, clarifying agent for wine
Polyvinyl pyrrolidene, povidone, pvd-iodine complex: 16.3.5.2.8
Polyvinyls: 3.6.13
Pool chemistry, swimming pool chemistry: 18.7.0
Porcelain laboratory items: 1.23
Porphyrins: 16.3.5.2.2
Porphyry: 35.21.5.2 (Geology)
Portland cement: 3.66.6
Potash fertilizer: 6.33.1
Potash fertilizer, Prepare potash from ash: 5.40 (Primary)
Potash alum
Potassium, metal
Potassium compounds
Potato cell, noisy potato cell: 33.3.7
Potato dextrose agar, to identify fungi: 6.10
Potential difference from combining half cells, zinc and iron: 15.7.1
Potential energy, Chemical potential energy (enthalpy): 7.9.14.1
Potential energy, Energy from chemical reactions: 3.80
Poultice, Solutions used in making herbal remedies, infusion, decoction, tincture: 5.04
Povidone, pvp, porphyrins, pyrroles, polypyrroles, tetrapyrroles: 16.3.5.2.8
Practical work, "Why are ‘hands-on’ science activities so effective for student learning?": Topic 2.0
Praseodymium, Pr, Table of the elements
Precipitates, test if a precipitate forms when aqueous solutions of salts are mixed: 3.71.3
Precipitates, test if precipitate forms when solutions are added to lead (II) nitrate: 3.71.4
Precipitation reactions, double decomposition: 12.2.1.0
Prefixes and suffixes: 9.0
Prefixes, SI prefixes: 6.3.5
Prepare
Preservatives, food additives, E numbers: 19.4.4.23
Preserving food: 4.3.16
Preserving food, food preservation: 19.3.6
Pressure
Prilled, pelletized, for agricultural chemicals to facilitate handling by machines, e.g. priilled urea
Primary school chemistry lessons: 3.0
Prions, "mad cow disease": 16.3.6.0.3
Procion yellow, Toxic if ingested, skin sensitizer, use 10% solution
Producer gas, air gas, similar to water gas, formed by passing air and steam over hot carbon
Prof Bunsen (Publisher): Part16a
Prohibited chemicals, Chemicals NOT permitted in schools: 15.10.0
Proline, non-essential amino acid
Proline, Table of the 20 α-amino acids: 16.3.6.1.2 (See 15.)
Promethazine
Promethium, Pm, Table of the elements
Proof spirit, degrees proof, alcohol concentration: 3.7.3
Prop-2-enal, acrolein
Prop-2-en-1-ol, allyl alcohol, 2-propen-1-ol, Highly toxic by all routes
Prop-2-en-1-ol, allyl alcohol, Solution < 3%, Not hazardous
Propan-1-ol, C₃H₈O, n-propanol, ethyl carbinol, normal propanol, normal propyl alcohol, 1-propanol, propan-1-ol, Highly flammable, Toxic if ingested
Propan-1,2-diol, propylene glycol, food additive E1520, humectant, solvent, wetting agent, dispersing agent
Propan-2-ol, CH₃CHOHCH₃, isopropyl alcohol, 2-propanol, iso-propanol, rubbing alcohol, Highly flammable
Propanal, propionaldehyde
Propane gas, C₃H₈, a bottled gas, a liquefied petroleum gas, (LPG): 13.1.33
Propane-1,2,3-triol, CH₂OHCH(OH)CH₂OH, glycerin, glycerine, glycerol, trihydric alcohol
Propanethial S-oxide, lachrymatory factor of cut onions: 16.2.8.9
Propanedioic acid, malonic acid, HOOCCH₂COOH
Propanoic acid, CH₃CH₂COOH
Propanol, propan-1-ol, C₃H₇OH, CH₃CH₂CH₂OH, 1-propanol, Propyl alcohol: 16.1.3.A
Propanol, propan-2-ol, C₃H₇OH, CH₃CH(OH)CH_3,2-propanol, sec-propyl alcohol, rubbing alcohol
Propanol, Separate amino acids by paper chromatography: 10.2.2.5
Propanone, CH₃COCH₃, acetone, 2-propanone, methyl ketone, dimethyl ketone, Harmful, highly flammable
Propellants, packaging gases, food additives: 19.4.4.22
Propenamide
Propenoic acid, (See: Acrylic acid)
Propionaldehyde, propanal, propyl aldehyde, Toxic by all routes, Highly flammable, suffocating odour
Propionaldehyde, Solution <20%, Not hazardous, but should not be ingested
Propionic acid, CH₃CH₂COOH, propanoic acid, Corrosive by all routes, Highly irritant vapour, skin irritant
Propionic acid, Solution / mixture <10%, Not hazardous,
Propanoic acid, (propionic acid), ionization reaction: 16.3.6.1.5
Propyl acetate, propyl ethanoate, n-propyl acetate, Toxic by all routes, Highly flammable
Propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, iso-propanol, n-propanol
Propyl amine, 1-aminopropane
Propyl butanoate, propyl butrate, moderately flammable
Propyl gallate, antioxidants, BHA, BHT, TBHQ, propyl gallate, vitamin E: See diagram 19.2.1.6
Propyl methanoate, n-propyl formate, Highly flammable
Propyl propanoate, propyl propionate, Highly flammable
Propylcyclopentane: See diagram 16.1.1h octane number
Propylene dibromide, 1,2-dibromopropane, Toxic by all routes, avoid inhalation
Propylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, C₃H₈O₃, ("Non-toxic antifreeze", but should not be ingested)
Prostaglandins: chemicals based on fatty acids, in prostate glands, hormones with many functions
Protactinium, Pa, Table of the elements
Proteases, food additives E1101, papain, bromelain, ficin, flour treatment agents, stabilizers, tenderizers, flavour enhancers, avoid skin contact
Protective clothing, laboratory safety: 3.2.2
Proteins
Prussian blue, iron (III) ferrocyanide, Fe₇(CN)₁₈(H₂O)_{14
- 16},
Prussian blue as a semipermeable membrane: 9.168
Prussian blue, reactions of iron (II) salts and iron (IlI) salts, Prussian blue: 12.8.1
Psilocybin, hallucinogenic drugs: 11.11.9
PTC, PTU, Tasters and non-tasters, phenylthiourea: 9.24.2
PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene, Magnesium with PTFE, 16.2.2
Publishers, equipment, chemical suppliers: Part 16
Pumice: 35.21.4 (Geology)
Pure substances and impure substances, elements and compounds: 7.2.0
Pure substances, Separate pure substances: 10.01.0
Purines, Purine group of alkaloids: 16.3.6.2.11
Purines, Structure of DNA and RNA: 4.4.0
Putty: 3.68
Polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylacetate, PVA, polyvinyl alcohol: 3.7.36
Polyvinyl chloride, PVC, polychloroethene: 3.7.37
Pyrene, C₁₆H_10,Reactions of benzene: 16.8.1
Pyrethrins, plant extract insecticide: 16.13.1.1
Pyrex, borosilicate glass: 7.9.10
Pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, nicotinic acid, niacin
Pyridine-piperidine group of alkaloids: 16.3.6.2.1
Pyridine, C₅H₅N: 16.3.4.1
Pyridine, Solution / mixture < 25%, Not hazardous
Pyrimidine: See diagram 16.3.4.4
Pyrimidine, structure of DNA, Aromatics, aromatic compounds, benzene derivatives: 16.3.2.8
Pyrite, (iron sulfide, Iron (II) sulfide, fool's gold): 35.20.32 (Geology)
Pyroelectricity, ferroelectricity: 35.33.1 (Geology)
Pyrogallol, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, Highly toxic if ingested, corrosive to skin
Pyrolusite mineral, MnO₂Pyromorphite group, lead phosphate, Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl: 35.20.33 (Geology)
Pyrophoric liquids: 4.9
Pyrophoric solids: 4.10
Pyrrhotite. iron sulfide, magnetic pyrites, FeS: 35.20.34 (Geology)
Pyrrole, Tetrapyrroles: 16.3.5.2
Pyrrolizidine group of alkaloids: 16.3.6.2.3
Pyruvic acid
Pyrylium ion: See diagram 16.3.4.4

Palladium, Pd, Table of the elements
Palladium (II) acetate
Palladium (II) chloride
Palladium AAS Solution
Palladium hydroxide on carbon
Catalytic converter: 7.9.13.1

Paraffin oil, kerosene
Nitroparaffins, nitroalkanes: 16.2.4.4
Paraffin, alkanes, (C_nH_2n+2), paraffin hydrocarbons: 16.1.1.1
Paraffin oil, kerosene, kerosine, fractional distillation: 16.1.12.4
Paraffin wax, fractional distillation of petroleum: 16.1.12.7

Peanuts
Composition of edible oils: 19.2.1.1.1
Cooking fats: 19.1.17
Energy from a peanut: 6.6.17 (See 2.)
Extract oil from peanuts, (groundnuts): 10.12.1
Legumes:
Lipids, fats and oils, fatty acids, glycerides: 16.3.3.0
Microbial contamination: 19.3.6.11
Solvent extraction of oil from nuts: 3.23

Penicillin, lactams, (-NH(CO-), caprolactam, (6-hexanelactam), (C₆H₁₁NO): 16.3.4.0.3
Penicillin G, (benzylpenicillin), administered by injection
Penicillin V, (phenoxymethylpenicillin), administered orally
Penicillium, penicillin: See diagram 14.04
Penicillin and antibiotics: 2.1.6
Penicillium: See diagram 9.202
Broad spectrum antibiotic penicillin preparations, Amoxillin, (Amoxil, Augmentin), Ampicillin,
(Magnapen, Penbritin)

Pentane, n-pentane
Pentan-1-ol, Pentane, (C₅H₁₂): 16.1.1e
Pentane: See diagram 16.1.1h octane number

Pentyl
Pentyl acetate, amyl acetate, (pear oil), (banana odour), Prepare amyl acetate, (pear oil): 16.5.6
Pentyl alcohol, pentan-1-ol, (amyl alcohol, n-pentyl alcohol, C₅H₁₁OH)
Pentyl butyrate, n-amyl butyrate, (apricot odour), moderate flammability
Pentyl ethanoate, C₅H₁₂O, n-amyl acetate, normal amyl acetate, pentyl acetate, 1-pentanol
Pentyl propanoate, n-amyl propionate, Highly flammable

Perchloric acid, HClO₄, chloric (VII) acid, 70% W/W, (strong acid), colourless liquid, Toxic by all routes
Perchloric acid, Storing chemicals: 3.4.13 (See 12.)
Perchloric acid, strong oxidizing agent if hot, spontaneous explosion of soaked wood, explosive mixture with combustibles or organic compounds
Perchloric acid should not be used or stored in a school science laboratory.

Petroleum, petrol, gasoline, "gas", Highly flammable, Toxic by all routes, Do not inhale vapour. Do not use petrol as a paint "thinner"
Cracking, thermal cracking, catalytic cracking: 7.9.15.1
Fractional distillation of crude oil: 16.1.12
Petrol, gasoline, "gas", fractional distillation: 16.1.12.3
Petrol-sniffing, abuse of volatile substances: 11.11.2
Petroleum, composition of petroleum: 10.6.3
Petroleum, crude oil, lubricating oil: 35.23.4 (Geology)
Petroleum ether, Toxicity, Poisons and First Aid: 3.10.0
Petroleum, fractional distillation: 16.1.12.3
Petroleum fraction: 7.9.41
Petroleum spirit: 7.9.41.1
Petroleum jelly , "Vaseline" (trade name), petrolatum, white paraffin

pH, Acid-base indicators: 5.6.0
pH: 12.3.0.4
pH meters and acid-base indicators, acidity and alkalinity, ionization of water: 5.6.1
pH Multiple reagent strips
pH change near the equivalence point: 12.10.10
pH of salt solutions: 12.10.4
pH of solid acids: 19.1.2
pH of swimming pools: 18a3
pH scale: 6.9.17.2
pH tests, environmental chemistry: 18.1.0
pH values of solutions of salts: 12.10.11
Soil acidity: 6.9.17.2

Phenanthroline
1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate, use in fume cupboard or < 10 g in cross ventilation, (redox indicator), Toxic by all routes
1,10-phenanthroline iron complex, ferroin solution, (redox indicator), Toxic if ingested
1,10-phenanthroline iron complex: [10-phenanthroline with iron (II) salt], but better to purchase already diluted solution

Phenol, (benzeneol), Carbolic acid, TCP, Dettol: 16.1.3.2.1
Phenol crystals, C₆H₅OH, Highly toxic by all routes, lung irritant, corrosive to skin
Phenol solution < 1%, Not hazardous
Phenol-indo-2,6-dichloro phenol, (See: PDCP)
Phenol fuchsin, carbol fuchsin
Phenolic compounds, (natural products): 16.3.2.5
Phenols, group: (OH-C), In a benzene ring, phenol = C₆H₅O₆: 16.1.3.2

Phenol red, (acid-base indicator 2.6), C₁₉H₁₄O₅S, phenolsulfonphthalein, yellow pH < 6.4 to red pH > 8.4, as 0.2% solution (20% ethanol), Toxic if ingested
Used to test pH in swimming pools. It can measure pH from 6.8 to 8.4. The tablet form usually incorporates a chlorine neutralizer for more accurate results.
Phenol red, some preparations give a bright pink colour at pH 8.1
Phenol red, acid-base indicator, Quantity of indicator per 10 mL: 2.6
Order online: Phenol Red & Bromothymol Blue

Phloroglucinol, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, benzene-1,3,5-triol, Harmful if ingested, corrosive to skin
1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, (use 1% solution in ethanol as wood stain), Microscopy stain: 3.22
1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, test for lignin (bright red colour), Microscope staining techniques: 9.61 (See 3.)

Phosphoric acid, concentrated, 16 M, 95%,
130 mL of concentrated solution for 1 litre of 2 M solution.
Phosphoric acid, > 4 M (72%) (may be supplied as 85%), (used in rust converters),
Toxic if ingested, Highly corrosive to skin
Phosphoric acid, < 4 M (72%), > 2 M (36%), Toxic if ingested, Highly corrosive to skin
Phosphoric acid, < 2 M (36%), > 0.5 M (10%), Toxic if ingested, skin irritant
Phosphoric acid, < 0.5 M (10%), Not hazardous, do not ingest

Phosphorus, P, Table of the elements
Phosphorus properties: 7.2.2.33
Phosphorus chemical reactions: 12.13.0
Phosphorescence: 7.2.2.33.1
Red phosphorus: 7.2.2.33a
Deficiency symptoms and fertilizing the soil: 5.35.1 (See 2. Phosphorus)
Superphosphate production: 12.14.5
White phosphorus: 7.2.2.33b

Phosphorus compounds:
Phosphorous compounds, organophosphorus insecticides: 16.2.6
Phosphorescence: 7.2.2.33.1
Phosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid, ionization reaction: 12.9.0
Phosphorus (III) chloride, phosphorus trichloride
Phosphorus (V) chloride, PCl₅, phosphorus pentachloride
Phosphorus (V) chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, Highly toxic by all routes, highly corrosive
Phosphorus (V) chloride, Solution / mixture < 5%, Not hazardous
Phosphorous acid, H₃PO₃, (HO)₂HPO, HPO(OH)₂, garlic-like odour, very soluble in water,
Phosphorous acid, "Yates Anti Rot Phosacid": 16.13.6.10
Phosphorus oxychloride, phosphoryl chloride, Highly toxic by all routes, Highly corrosive, toxic fumes and heat with moisture
Phosphorus oxychloride, Solution / mixture < 5%, Not hazardous
Phosphorus pentoxide, phosphorus (V) oxide, phosphoric oxide, Toxic by ingestion, Highly corrosive
Phosphorus pentasulfide
Phosphorus sesquisulfide, P₄S₃, yellow solid, in "strike anywhere" matches
Phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus (III) bromide, Highly toxic by all routes, Highly corrosive,
Phosphorus tribromide, reacts with moisture to form toxic fumes and heat. Use in fume cupboard or small quantities in cross-ventilation
Phosphorus tribromide, Solution / mixture <5%, Not hazardous
Phosphoryl chloride
Ethephon, 2-chloroethyl-dioxido-oxophosphorane, C₂H₆ClO₃P, a phosphonate
Water with chlorides of phosphorus, PCl₃, PCl_5:12.13.4

Photochemical reactions
Order online: Sun Blueprint Paper, to teach photochemical reactions
CFCs, chlorofluorocarbons: 12.19.5.0
Chloramines in swimming pools: 16.2.4.3.2
Ozone and photochemical smog: 3.50.01

Picric acid, (NO₂)₃C₆H₂OH, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, trinitrophenol, carbazotic acid, Toxic if ingested, skin irritant, Not permitted in schools
Picric acid, yellow crystals stain skin yellow, Explosive when dry and compacted, Do not open bottles because crust may explode.
Picric acid, C₆H₂(NO₂)₃, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, stains yellow, unstable explosive. used in Gram stain and Bouin's picro-formol preservative solution.

Plaster of Paris, calcium sulfate hemihydrate, hygroscopic, CaSO₄.½H₂O, Harmful very hot when water added to dry sulfate
Plaster of Paris, calcium sulfate, CaSO₄.2H₂O, gypsum: 35.22.6 (Geology)
Plaster of Paris, Prepare fibrous plaster board with plaster of Paris: 3.2.6
Plaster of Paris, Strength of plaster of Paris: 3.67

Platinum, Pt, platinum wire, 0.375 mm diameter, loop for inoculation of microbial cultures, possibly sensitizes skin
Platinum, Pt, Table of the elements,
Platinum, natural platinum: 35.20.31 (Geology)
Platinic chloride, chloroplatinic acid
Platinum properties: 7.2.2.34
Platinum (IV) chloride
Platinum (IV) oxide
Platinum (powder)
Platinum Group of Metals (PGMs), jewellery plating industry term for "4 PGM's, platinum, rhodium, osmium, ruthenium, iridium"
Catalytic converter in a car: 7.9.13.1
Catalytic oxidation of ammonia forms nitrogen monoxide, with red-hot platinum wire: 13.6.6.1
Hexachloroplatinic acid hexahydrate, H₂PtCl₆.6H₂O, (also: [H₃O]₂[PtCl₆]4H₂O), chloroplatinic acid

Polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA, acrylic glass, e.g. Plexiglass, Perspex, Lucite: 3.7.24
Acrylic resin, Polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA: 3.7.24
Attraction and repulsion of parallel electric currents: 30.3.11
Breakdown polymers into small molecules: 3.4.4.0
Breakdown of polymers with heat: 3.97
Cut window glass and Perspex, (Lucite), with a straight cut: 2.15
Density (characteristics of synthetic fibres): 2.0
Metal on Perspex, Volta's experiment, voltaic pile: 31.1.19
van de Graaff generator: 4.40

Potassium, K, metal, (kalium), potassium (rod in mineral oil), AAS solution, Toxic if ingested or contacts skin
Potassium, K, Table of the elements
Potassium safety: 12.14.01
Potassium properties: 7.2.2.35
Potassium, Reactions of potassium: 12.14.0
Potassium, pieces, (in liquid paraffin), toxicity: 3.6.12
Potassium, storing chemicals: 3.4.12, (See 11.)
Reactions of potassium salts with water: 14.2.1
Store sodium and potassium: 9.0
Tests for potassium, sodium perchlorate test: 12.11.3.10.18

Potassium compounds
Deficiency symptoms and fertilizing the soil: 5.35.1 (See 3. Potassium)
Illite, KAl₄(Si, Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄, KAl₄(Si,Al)₈O₁₈.2H₂O, most common clay mineral Langbeinite, K₂Mg₂(SO₄)₃
Potash fertilizer: 6.33.1
Potassium acetate, CH₃COOK, completely dissociated into ions, (E 261 acidity regulator, preservative, in sauces and pickles)
Potassium adipate, E357 (acidity regulator, buffer)
Potassium amide
Potassium antinomate
Potassium alginate, KC₆H₇O₆, food stabilizer, thickener, emulsifier
Potassium alum, "alum", Toxic if ingested
Potassium aluminium silicate, AlSi₃O₈, E555 (anti-caking agent), in Feldspars: 35.15.0 (Geology)
Potassium aluminium sulfate, aluminium potassium sulfate, alum, aluminium potash, potash alum, Harmful
Potassium amide, Highly toxic, Violent reaction with water, Not permitted in schools
Potassium ascorbate, E303 (antioxidant)
Potassium benzoate, Preservative, E212
Potassium biphthalate
Potassium borohydride
Potassium bromate
Potassium bromide, KBr, Toxic if ingested
Potassium carbonate, K₂CO₃, (anhydrous or hydrated), skin irritant, toxic if ingested
Potassium chlorate, KClO₃
Potassium chloride, KCl, Toxic if ingested,
Potassium chloride, Straight fertilizers and mixed fertilizers: 6.9.17.1
Potassium chromate, K₂CrO4, Highly toxic if ingested, carcinogenic, sensitizes skin
Potassium chromate, Solution < 0.5% Not hazardous
Potassium chromium sulfate, K₂SO₄.Cr₂(SO₄)₃.24H₂O, KCr(SO₄)₂.12H₂O, chrome alum, chromium alum, chromium potassium sulfate, Toxic if ingested
Potassium citrate, monobasic, potassium-2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3- tricarboxylate, E332 (food acid, acidity regulator, stabilizer)
Potassium cobaltcyanide, potassium hexacyanocobaltate
Potassium cyanate, Toxic if ingested but not as toxic an cyanides
Potassium cyanide, KCN, Extremely poisonous, Not permitted in schools
Potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇, potassium bichromate (VI), Toxic, Corrosive, Oxidizing, Not permitted in schools
Potassium dichromate as an oxidizing agent: 15.2.3
Potassium dichromate, Reactions of dichromates, Cr₂O₇^2-: 12.5.3
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, KH₂PO₄, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (V), (in baking powder, buffering agents, nutrient solutions)
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate monobasic, For 0.1 M soln., 13.6 g in 1 L water, Toxic if ingested
Potassium disulfite, potassium metabisulfite
Potassium ethanoate, CH₃COOK, potassium acetate, white crystalline powder
Potassium ferricyanide, Toxic if ingested
Potassium ferrocyanide, K₄Fe(CN)₆.3H₂O, potassium ferrous cyanide, Environment danger, Toxic if ingested
Potassium fluoride, Highly toxic if ingested, skin irritant, with acids form extremely toxic HF fumes, Not permitted in schools
Potassium fluoride, Solution < 3%, Not hazardous
Potassium fumarate, E366 (food acid)
Potassium hexacyanocolbaltate, potassium cobaltcyanide, Toxic if ingested
Potassium hexafluorophosphate
Potassium hydrogen carbonate, KHCO₃, potassium bicarbonate
Potassium hydrogen ethanedioate, potassium hydrogen oxalate
Potassium hydrogen 2,3-potassium hydrogen tartrate, dihydroxybutanedioate
Potassium hydrogen oxalate, Harmful, in alkali (bas) solutions
Potassium hydrogen phosphate, K₂HPO_4, potassium hydrogen orthophosphate,
potassium phosphate dibasic, Toxic if ingested: 5.4.3
Potassium hydrogen phthalate, Harmful if ingested, used as primary standard for preparing volumetric base solutions, alkali solutions
Potassium hydrogen sulfate, potassium bisulfate, Toxic if ingested, corrosive to skin and eyes (SO₂ formed when heated strongly)
Potassium hydrogen tartrate, cream of tartar, potassium bitartar, Prepare self-leavened flour 19.1.8
Potassium hydrogen tartrate, "self-raising flour": 19.1.8
Potassium hydroxide, KOH
Potassium iodate (V), KIO₃, potassium iodate (V), powder, potassium iodate, Toxic if ingested, may ignite with combustibles or organic compounds
Potassium iodate, Prepare iodic acid and potassium iodate, HIO₃, KIO₃: 12.19.6.3
Potassium iodate (VII), potassium periodate
Potassium iodide, KI
Potassium iodide paper
Potassium iodide powder pillows
Potassium lactate, E326 (humectant, bulking agent, acidity regulator)
Potassium magnesium sulfate, K₂SO₄·2MgSO₄
Potassium malates E351 (acidity regulator)
Potassium metabisulfite, E224 (preservative, antioxidant)
Potassium monoxide, "potash", K₂O, potassium monoxide equivalent in NPK fertilizer, but not K₂O itself
Potassium niobate
Potassium nitrate, KNO₃
Potassium nitrite, KNO₂, potassium nitrite (III), Toxic if ingested
Potassium nitrite, Solution <1%, Not hazardous
Potassium oxalate, potassium ethanedioate, potassium ethanedioate-1-water, Toxic if ingested, toxic fumes if heated
Potassium oxalate, Solution / mixture <5%, Not hazardous
Potassium permanganate, KMnO₄
Potassium perchlorate
Potassium periodate
Potassium persulfate, potassium peroxydisulfate, Toxic if ingested, skin irritant, mixture with combustibles burns fiercely, solid decomposes on standing
Potassium K₂S, liver of sulfur, sulfurated potash, red-yellow to brown-red, deliquescent, analytical reagent and epilatory, (depilatory), dusts may explode. phosphate, tripotassium phosphate,
Potassium phosphate dibasic, Harmful if ingested, skin irritant
Potassium phosphate, E340 (mineral salt, acidity regulator, stabilizer)
Potassium propionate, E283 (preservative)
Potassium pyrosulfate
Potassium sodium tartrate-4-water, KNaC₄H₄O₆.4H₂O, Piezoelectric experiments: 32.1.2.1
Potassium sodium tartrate with hydrogen peroxide, cobalt (II) chloride catalyst: 17.3.6
Potassium sodium tartrate, sodium potassium tartrate, Seignette salt
Potassium sorbate
Potassium sulfate, K₂SO₄
Potassium sulfide, K₂S, Highly toxic if ingested, releases hydrogen sulfide gas, Not permitted in schools
Potassium sulfide, liver of sulfur: Alkaline mixture of mainly potassium polysulfides that turns silver black
Potassium sulfite, E225 (preservative, antioxidant)
Potassium superoxide
Potassium tartrate, E336 (acidity regulator, stabilizer)
Potassium tert-butoxide
Potassium tetraborate
Potassium tetrachloropalladate
Potassium thiocyanate, KSCN, potassium isothiocyanate, potassium sulfocyanate, Toxic if ingested
Potassium thiocyanate, colourless prisms, r.d. 1.89, m.p. about 173^oC, deliquescent
Potassium thiocyanate, dilute solutions, Not hazardous
Potassium triiodide, iodine water, Lugol's solution

Potassium alum, "alum", potash alum, potassium aluminium sulfate,
Al₂(SO₄)₃.K₂(SO₄).24H₂O, K₂SO₄.Al₂(SO₄)₃.24H₂O, KAl(SO₄)₂·12(H₂O)
Artificial gemstones, potassium sulfate, aluminium sulfate: 12.10.2.6.1
Fireproof cloth: 3.5.11 (See 2.)
Kalinite
Potassium alum, Alums: 7.2.2.1a
Potassium alum, alum, aluminium potassium sulfate-12-water, KAl(SO₄)₂.12H₂O, potash alum, potassium aluminium sulfate
Potassium alum or aluminium sulfate with clay suspensions: 7.6.2.2
Prepare invisible inks: 4.19
Prepare large crystals: 3.54.5
Prepare potash alum crystals from its constituent salts: 12.14.1
Prepare potash alum from aluminium foil, K₂SO₄.Al₂(SO₄)₃.24H₂O: 12.14.2
Prepare self-leavened flour, "self-raising flour": 19.1.8
Potassium alum or aluminium sulfate with clay suspensions: 7.6.2.2
Recycle an aluminium drink-can as potassium aluminium sulfate, alum: 12.7.3.1
Tests of river, lake or ocean: 18.5.1 (See 11. Turbidity)

Potassium bromate, KBrO₃.Toxic if ingested, skin irritant, powerful oxidizing agent, explosive mixture with combustibles or organic compounds
Potassium bromate, Solution < 0.1%, Not hazardous
Potassium bromate, flour treatment agent E924, effective after making dough
Potassium bromate with propanedioic acid, double autocatalytic reaction, oscillating reaction: 17.3.7
Potassium bromate, Prepare iodic acid, HIO₃, and potassium iodate, KIO_3,12.19.6.3 (See 3.)

Potassium chlorate, storage safety, KClO₃, potassium chlorate (V), potassium perchlorate,
spontaneous combustion, Not permitted in schools
Potassium chlorate, chlorate of potash
Potassium chlorate and potassium persulfate as oxidizing agents: 15.2.13
Potassium chlorate, Gummi bears with potassium chlorate, 15.2.13.1
Potassium chlorate, Oxidizing, Not permitted in schools,
Potassium chlorate, Prepare O₂ with MnO₂ and potassium chlorate- dangerous experiment
Potassium chlorate and potassium persulfate as oxidizing agents: 15.2.13
Chlorates, potassium chlorate, hazards of anion compounds: 3.7.2
Combustible solids, potassium chlorate: 3.5.10
Concentrated sulfuric acid on potassium chlorate, KClO₃, 12.19.8.4
Decomposition of potassium chlorate: 3.30.11
Heat potassium chlorate, manganese dioxide catalyst: 17.3.11
Store sodium chlorate and potassium chlorate: 10.0.
Sugar with potassium chlorate, spontaneous combustion: 17.3.

Potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇, potassium bichromate (VI), Toxic, Corrosive, Oxidizing, Not permitted in schools
Potassium dichromate, (Poison, OXD 1479), potassium dichromate (VI)
Potassium dichromate, orange-red crystals, Toxic, Corrosive, Oxidizing
Potassium dichromate, For 0.1 M soln., 29.4 g in 1 L water
Breath test for alcohol using potassium dichromate: 15.2.11
Diffusion in liquids: 10.1.3
Extract iodine from kelp: 10.13.2
Glass cleaning: 2.20
Potassium dichromate as an oxidizing agent: 15.2.3
Prepare crystal clusters: 3.54.6, (See 2.)
Prepare ethanal, (acetaldehyde), with potassium dichromate: 16.3.1
Prepare potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇: 12.5.6
Solubility and temperature, solubility of salts in water: 3.10
Solubility of potassium dichromate and temperature: 7.7.6.1

Potassium hydroxide, KOH, caustic potash, potash lye, Extremely corrosive to skin, eyes
Potassium hydroxide, Solution > 4M (24%), Extremely corrosive to skin, eyes
Potassium hydroxide, Solution < 4M (24%), Extremely corrosive to skin, eyes
Potassium hydroxide, Solution > 1M (6%), Extremely corrosive to skin, eyes
Potassium hydroxide, Solution < 1M (6%), Corrosive to skin, eyes
Potassium hydroxide, Solution > 0.1M (0.5%), Corrosive to skin, eyes
Potassium hydroxide, Solution < 0.1M (0.5%), Not hazardous
Alkalis: Potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) sodium hydroxide (caustic soda): 5.3.3
Bases, properties of bases, strong bases: 12.7.0
Potassium hydroxide 2 M solution, dissolve 110 g of KOH sticks in 1 L water
Potassium hydroxide with chlorazol black, to identify fungi: 6.9
Prepare iodic acid, HIO₃, and potassium iodate, KIO_3: 12.19.6.3 (See 2.)
Prepare potash alum, K₂SO₄.Al₂(SO₄)₃.24H₂O, from its constituent salts: 12.14.1 (See 2.)
Prepare soap with fats and oils: 3.79
Reactions of chlorine with alkalis, bleaching powder: 13.4.15
Respiration is a form of combustion: 8.6.5
Toxicity, Poisons and First Aid: 3.10.0 (See: Potassium hydroxide)

Potassium iodide, KI
Potassium iodide, For 0.1 M soln., 16.6 g in 1 L water
Potassium iodide crystals, KI, photography, ingredient of iodized "table salt",
in tincture of iodine medicine
Potassium iodide with hydrogen peroxide, iodine clock reaction: 17.1.6
Potassium iodide with hydrogen peroxide, reverse colour change: 17.3.5
Electrolysis of potassium iodide solution, electrolytic writing: 15.5.23
Rate of reaction depends on concentration: 17.5.4.2
Reactions of copper (II) ions, Cu²⁺: 12.7.2 (See 2.)
Table salt and rock salt: 19.1.16

Potassium nitrate, KNO₃, potassium nitrate (V), nitrate of potash, nitre, potassium nitrate, saltpetre,
Potassium nitrate, colourless crystals or white powder, Preservative E249, For 0.1 M soln., 10.l g in 1 L water, Oxidizing
Ammonium nitrate cold pack: 14.2.4
Ammonium salts and potassium salts with water: 14.2.1
Combustible solids: 3.5.10
Combustion of potassium nitrate, fire line on paper, string fuse: 14.2.6
Decomposition of nitrates: 3.30.4
Reactions of potassium nitrate with water: 14.2.5
Reactions of ammonium salts and potassium salts with water: 14.2.1
Refrigerants: 14.2.6
Solubility and temperature: 3.10
Solubility of different salts and temperature: 7.7.5, (See: Potassium nitrate)
Tempered glass, toughened glass, Prince Rupert's Drops: 34.5.2.9
Toxicity, Poisons and First aid: 3.10.0, (See: Potassium nitrate)

Potassium perchlorate, Toxic if ingested, skin irritant, Violent explosive mixture with combustibles, Not permitted in schools
Potassium perchlorate should not be used or stored in a school science laboratory.
Potassium perchlorate, Prepare potassium perchlorate by fractional crystallization, KClO₄: 12.19.8.5

Potassium permanganate, KMnO₄, potassium manganate (VII), Condy's crystals, (OXD 1490), Toxic if ingested
Potassium permanganate, Solution < 25%, Not hazardous
Potassium permanganate, Oxidation of glycerol by potassium permanganate: 12.12.4
Potassium permanganate, Solution < 25%, Not hazardous
Acidified potassium permanganate (VII) reactions, oxidizing agent in titrations: 15.2.4.4
Potassium manganate (VII) oxidizes iron (II) to iron (III): 15.2.4.1
Potassium manganate (VII) oxidizes glycerol to carbon dioxide and water: 15.2.4.2
Potassium manganate (VII) solution liberates chlorine from hydrochloric acid: 15.2.4.3
Colour change of diluted potassium permanganate: 3.3.1
Ethanedioic acid-2-water (oxalic acid) with potassium manganate (VII), autocatalysis: 17.3.3
Movement of ions from potassium permanganate solution: 3.4.1
Oxidation of glycerol by potassium permanganate: 12.12.4
Permanganates, hazards: 3.7.12
Prepare chlorine: 13.4.1.0 (See 7.)
Prepare potassium permanganate, KMnO₄: 12.8.3
Reactions of manganese (II) salts, Mn: 12.8.1
Reduce potassium manganate (VII) with hydrogen sulfide: 3.43.2
Reduce potassium manganate (VII) with sulfur dioxide: 3.51.2
Tests for saturated hydrocarbons, alkaline potassium manganate (VII) solution: 16.4.8
Tests for saturated hydrocarbons, acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution test: 16.4.9.0
Tests for unsaturated hydrocarbons, acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution test: 16.4.9.1

Potassium sulfate, powder K₂SO₄, sulfate of potash fertilizer
Potassium sulfate, aluminium sulfate, artificial gemstones: 12.10.2.6.1
Potassium sulfate, For 0.1 M soln., 17.4 g in 1 L water

Pressure, definitions: 12.1.01
Atmospheric pressure: 12.3.0
Atmospheric pressure, (Measure air pressure), (Primary): 6.18
Gas pressure: 20.0.4
Liquid pressure: 4.190
Pressure of the atmosphere affects the boiling point: 3.8
Table of saturated vapour pressure over water, Psvp 1.0.0

Propane, (C₃H₈), E944 (propellant, aerator, fuel for gas barbecue and blow torch): 16.1.1c
Propane: See diagram 16.1.1h, octane number
Packaging gases, propellants, food additive: 19.4.4.22
Propane-1,2,3-triol, glycerin, glycerine

Propanoic acid, propionic acid, CH₃CH₂COOH
Propanoic acid, (propionic acid), ionization reaction: 16.3.6.1.5

Proteins, amides, peptides, polypeptides, amino acids: 16.3.6.0.0
Breakdown of protein by micro-organisms: 4.3.7
Burn carbohydrates, fats and proteins: 16.9.1
Casein, fibrous proteins and globular proteins, collagen: 16.3.6.0.2 (See 2.)
Casein, milk casein, (artificial horn), thermoset plastics: 3.5.6
Prepare plastic with milk casein: 3.100
Proteins, Multiple reagent strips
Proteins, peptides, amino acids: 16.6.1.1
Tests for proteins: 16.6.8

Pyrogallol, benzene-1,2,3-triol, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, pyrogallic acid,
Highly toxic if ingested, corrosive to skin
Pyrogallol C₆H₃(OH)₃: 16.1.3.2a
Germination and air, germination and the need for oxygen: 9.118 (See 2.)
Test gas collected in a respirometer: 6.6.12
Toxicity, Poisons and First Aid: 3.10.0 (See: Pyrogallol)