School Science Experiments
Chemistry index and minerals
Index D to H
Updated: 2009-07-04
Please send comments to: J.Elfick@uq.edu.au
Table of contents
Index items A to B
Index items C
Index items D to H
Index items I to N
Index items O to P
Index items Q to S
Index items T to Z
Index, items D to H
Dalton's law of partial pressures, 20.0.8
Daniell cell, voltaic cell, 3.85
Darmstadtium, Ds, table of elements
DCIP (2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol), microscopy stain, 3.8
Decanedioyl dichloride
Decomposition reactions
Degrees proof, proof spirit, (alcohol concentration), 3.7.2
Deionized water, ion exchange resins, deionized water, 16.4.4.1
Delafield's haematoxylin, microscopy stain, 3.9
Deliquescent, hygroscopic, deliquescent and efflorescent chemicals, 3.31.0
Demineralized water, "demi water" has minerals or salts removed by different processes
Denature, 16.11.7
Density of:
Depression of freezing point and elevation of boiling point, 24.1.04
Designer drugs, abuse of volatile substances, 11.11.13
Detergent
Dexchlorpheniramine "anti-histamine", antihistamines, histamine, dexchlorpheniramine, (Polaramine), 11.11.5
Dextrin, Tests for dextrins in toast, 19.3.4.1
Diacetyl, 2,3-butanedione, 16.3.9
Diaminohexane, ethylenediamine
Prepare nylon polymer, (1, 6-diaminohexane), 3.4.7
Diastase, activity of diastase, 9.3.10
Diazines, See diagram 16.3.4.4
Diazo compounds, 16.3.4.0.5
Diazo prints, blueprints and diazo prints, 2.3
Dibenzazepine, tricyclic anti-depressant, TCA
Dicarboxylic acids, two carboxyl groups, (-dioic acid), 16.4.1.1.1
1,4-Dichlorobenzene, mothballs
Dichlorodifluoromethane, "Freon"
Dichloroethane, ethylene dichloride
Dichloromethane, methylene chloride
Dichromates, Reactions of dichromates, Cr2O72-, 12.5.3
Dienes, isoprene units, 16.1.1.2.2
Diesel oil, alkanes, (CnH2n+2) paraffins, 16.1.1.1
Diesel oil, gas oil, fractional distillation, 16.1.12.5
Diethyl ether, ether, 16.1.3.4
Diethyl ether, ethoxyethane, flammable liquids, Appendix 5A
Diethyl ether, Test heat of reaction with potassium and diethyl ether, 14.1.10
Different measurements, 6.2.0
Diffusion, matter as particles, 3.55.0
Dilatant compound, "Silly Putty", silicone, bouncing putty, (Dow Corning 3179 dilatant compound) "Tricky Putty", 7.2.6
Dilatant fluids, shear-thickening, stir-thickening, dilatant fluids, rheopectic fluids, 13.6.0.4
Dilution
Dimethyl glyoxime, Tests for nickel, Group IV Insoluble sulfides precipitated by hydrogen sulfide, ZnS, MnS, CoS, NiS, 12.11.7.4
Dimethylpolysiloxane, food additive E900, anti-caking agent, emulsifier, anti-foaming agent
Dimethyyl sulfoxide, DMSO, 16.2.8.9
Dimorphism, aragonite, 35.33.2
Dinitrogen tetroxide, Conservation of mass in a cycle of copper reactions, the copper cycle experiment, Step 1, 12.1.3
Dinitrogen oxide, (nitrous oxide), N2O, 3.45.0
Dioxan, cyclic ether 1,4-dioxan, a solvent miscible with water
Dioxin, food, standards code terminology, 19.4.4.4
Dioxins, 16.14.0
Dipsticks to test the vitamin C, ascorbic acid, Content of food, 19.1.20
Disaccharides, 16.3.1.4.0
Disinfectants, antiseptics and antibiotics, 9.215
Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate V, sodium phosphate dibasic, Na2HPO4.12H2O
Disodium tetraborate-10-water, borax
Displacement reactions
Disposal of chemicals, chemical safety, 3.4.11
Disproportionation, redox reactions, (oxidation-reduction reactions, electron transfer reactions), 12.2.6
Dissociation constant, Ka, 3.53.3
Dissolve
Dissolved oxygen in water, DO, Winkler method, 18.3.2
Distil crude oil and collect the fractions, 10.6.3
Distillation
DMSO, dimethyyl sulfoxide, 16.2.8.9
DNA, RNA, nucleosides, nucleic acids, 16.3.2.8
DNA, Structure of DNA and RNA, 4.4.01
Dodecanol, lauryl alcohol
Dolomite, (Geology), 35.19.1
Double decomposition
Double salt
DPD tests for swimming pools, diethyl-paraphenylene diamine, 18.7.21.6
Drain cleaners, 12.12.10
Drug abuse, 11.11.0
Drugs, toxic effect of common drugs on Daphnia, 19.2.29
Dry cell, ammonium chloride, Leclanche cell, 3.88
Dry ice, observe frozen carbon dioxide, (dry ice, hot ice), 3.34.5
Dubnium, Db, Table of the elements
Duties of a teacher, 3.2.0
Dyes, make plant dyes, (primary), 3.30
Dyes, mordant, natural dyes, 19.5.3
Dysprosium, Dy, Table of the elements
Earth smells, rain smells and cut grass smells, geosmin, 16.3.4.1b
Ecstasy, abuse of volatile substances, 11.11.4.3
EDTA
EEC Code numbers of food additives most likely to cause adverse reactions, 19.4.4.2
Effervescence, Prepare fruit salts, health salts, 19.2.13
Effervescence, measure conservation of matter with effervescent tablets, 12.1.1
Efflorescence, Hygroscopic, deliquescent and efflorescent chemicals, 3.31.0
Efflorescence, 7.9.17
Egg preservation, 9.3
Egg, Osmosis with an egg, 9.171
Egg in a bottle, balloon in a flask, tie a knot in a bone, 12.3.27
Egg white, albumen and egg yolk, 19.2.10
Einstein was right, e = mc2, 3.13.1
Einsteinium, Es, Table of the elements
Electric and electrical
Electrochemical cells, electrochemistry, 15.6.0
Electrode potential, of metals, 15.7.0
Electroforming, with copper, 15.1.7
Electrolysis and electrolyte
Electron transfer reactions Redox reactions, (oxidation-reduction reactions) disproportionation, 12.2.6
Electrophoresis of food dyes and coloured marking pen ink, 19.2.1.1a
Electroplating, 15.1.0
Electrorheological fluid (ER fluid), cornflower and vegetable oil, 17.4.6.1
Elements
Elevation of boiling point, Depression of freezing point and elevation of boiling point, 24.1.04
Emery, 35.20.13a (Geology)
Emulsions
Enamel, dental enamel, Bone, Teeth and toothpaste, calcium hydroxyl apatite, calcium hydroxyapatite, 9.226
Endothermic reactions
Energy and enthalpy
Environmental chemistry, Topic 18
Enzymes
Eosin, (eosine), 16.3.5.3
Eosin, tetrabrornofluorescein, microscopy stain, 3.10
Ephedrine group of alkaloids, 1.13.0A
Epinephrine, adrenaline, (1.6.0A)
Epinephrine, Amphetamines, amphetamine, epinephrine, (adrenaline) amphetamine-type stimulants, 11.11.4
Epoxy, 16.11.8
Epoxy compounds, 16.1.3.5
Epoxy resin polymers, 3.4.3.1
Equilibrium 7.9.20
Equipment
Equipment safety, 3.3.0
Erbium, Er, Table of the elements
Eriochrome
Errors, Accuracy and error, 3.3.1.0
Errors, theory of errors, addition of uncertainties, 6.4.0
Escalin, 16.3.5.1
Essential oils, volatile oils, ethereal oils, 16.3.3.0.3
Esterification, 16.11.9
Esters, esterification, derivatives of fatty acids, (RCOOR') Esters group: (-COOR) suffix: -oate 16.5.1.0
Esters, Glycerides, esters of glycerol, 16.3.3.0.5
Estimating, 3.6.0
Ethane, (C2H6)
Ethanedioic acid-2-water (oxalic acid) with potassium manganate (VII), autocatalysis, 17.3.3
Ethanedioic acid, Prepare ethanedioic acid-2-water, (oxalic acid) ionization reaction, 16.4.3
Ethanediol, (ethane-1,2 diol) (HARM 2810) CH2OHCH2OH, ethylene glycol, glycol, anti-freeze
Ethanediol, glycol
Ethanoates, (acetates) ethyl acetate, ethyl ethanoate, 16.1.3.6
Ethanoic acid-2-water | Ethanoic acid, (acetic acid) ionization reaction, 16.3.6.1.4
Ethanoic acid, Prepare ethanoic acid, (acetic acid) ionization reaction, 16.4.2
Ethanol, ethyl alcohol
Ethene, (ethylene), (C2H4)
Ethereal oils, Essential oils, volatile oils, 16.3.3.0.3
Ethers, two hydrocarbon groups linked by one oxygen, 16.1.3.4
Ethyl acetate, Prepare ethyl acetate, (ethyl ethanoate) 1, 16.5.2
Ethyl acetate, Prepare ethyl acetate, (ethyl ethanoate) 2, 16.5.8
Ethyl acetate, with sodium hydroxide, autocatalytic hydrolysis, 17.3.15
Ethyl acetoacetonate, (ethyl 3-oxobutanoate), 16.5.1.1
Ethyl butyrate, Prepare ethyl butyrate, 16.5.7
Ethyl carbamate, Blood flow in a fish, 9.217
Ethyl chloride, Prepare ethyl chloride, 16.5.1
Ethylene, (ethene), (C2H4)
Ethyne, (acetylene), (C2H2)
Eucalyptus oil, eucalyptol, (1,8-cineole) steam distillation of eucalyptus leaves, 10.5.6
Eugenol, oil of cloves, 10.5.6
Europium, Eu, Table of the elements
Eutectic mixture, 5.5.0.0
Eutrophication of waterways, 18.5.1a
Evening primrose oil
Exothermic reactions, Reactions that give out heat energy, 14.1.0
Exothermic reactions give out heat energy, 3.80
Experimental procedures, laboratory safety, 3.2.3
Expired air resuscitation (EAR) and Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR), 3.9.3
Extraction, oil from peanuts, ground nuts, 10.12.1
Eye washing and safety shower, 3.3.3
FAA (formalin, acetic acid, alcohol), biology fixative, 4.3
Fabrics in the home, natural and synthetic fabrics, 19.5.0
Face cream emulsion, 7.8.2.2
Fahrenheit, Temperature, Fahrenheit scale, Celsius scale, Kelvin scale, 6.3.1.5
Faraday's first law, 15.1.1
Fats
Fatty acids
Fehling's test
Feldspars, (Geology), 35.15
Fermentation 2.1.1
Fermium, Fm, Table of the elements
Ferricyanides, hazards, 3.7.5
Ferrocyanides, hazards, 3.7.6
Fibrous proteins and globular proteins, collagen, 16.3.6.0.1
Fillers, synthetic detergents, (syndets), 12.12.03.5
Filtration, filtering, 2.14
Fire extinguisher, soda acid fire extinguisher, 3.34.6
Fire safety, 3.5.0
Fireproofing, 12.10.12
Firming agents, food additive, 19.4.4.15
FIRST AID, poisons, Chemicals safety, 3.4.0
Fish oils, 19.2.1.12
Fish smell, trimethylamine, N(CH3)3, 19.2.21
Fixed oils 16.3.3.0.2
Fizzy drinks, Solubility of carbon dioxide in water, acidity of soda water, fizzy drinks, 3.34.3
Fizzy drinks, Solubility of gases and temperature, carbon dioxide, 7.7.0.2b
Fraction, Petroleum fraction, 7.9.41
Flame tests to identify metals and their compounds, 12.11.3.2
Flammable, 7.9.22
Flammable gases, safety, 3.5.4
Flammable liquids, Appendix 5A
Flammable liquids, safety, 3.5.3
Flammable substances, safety, 3.5.10
Flash point, 7.9.23
Flavones, flavonoids, 16.3.4.2
Flavourings, flavour enhancing agents, food additives, 19.4.4.16
Flocculate, 7.9.24
Flotation, Separate heavy minerals by froth flotation, 10.8.0
Flour, Plain flour and self-raising flour, 19.1.8.1
Flour, Prepare self-leavened flour, "self-raising flour", 19.1.8
Flour, treatment agents, food additives, 19.4.4.17
Flowers, Distil essences from leaves and flowers, 10.5.4
Flowers, Prepare acid-base plant extract indicators, 3.53.2
Fluid pressure, Statics of fluids, static pressure, the pascal, (Pa), 12.1.0
Fluorescein solution, 16.3.5.4
Fluorescein solution, 1.5
Fluorescein, ( See xanthene dyes)
Fluorescence, 7.9.25
Fluorescent liquids, 16.3.5.0
Fluorescent whitening agents, synthetic detergents, (syndets), 12.12.03.3a
Fluorine
Fluorspar, fluorite, (Geology), 35.20.14
Flux, 7.9.26
Foam colloid, 7.8.4.2
Foaming agents, synthetic detergents, (syndets), 12.12.03.3b
Food
Fool's gold, Heat iron (II) sulfide, (FeS2, pyrite), 12.8.8
Fool's gold , pyrite, (iron sulfide) (Geology), 35.20.32
Force (Weight) experiments (primary)
Forgery, detect forgery, 10.2.2.4
Formal Saline (for marine animals), biology fixative, 4.5
Formaldehyde, methanal
Formalin, biology fixative, 4.4
Formic acid | Methanoic acid, (formic acid) ionization reaction, 16.3.6.1.3
Formula, Group formula 7.9.30
Froth flotation 7.9.27
Fuel cell 7.9.28
Fume cupboard, fume hood, fume cabinet, 16.11.10
Fume cupboards, fume chambers, fume hoods, safety, 2.4
Fume cupboards, fume chambers, fume hoods, 3.3.2
Fusion mixture, Heat substances with charcoal and fusion mixture, 12.11.3.8
Gadolinium, Gd, Table of the elements
Galactose, Monosaccharides, 16.3.1.3
Galena lead sulfide, (Geology), 35.20.15
Gallium, Ga, Table of the elements
Galvanic cell, zinc in hydrochloric acid, 3.84.3
Galvanize, 7.9.29
Garlic, allinase, alliin, (S-allylcysteine) allicin, (diallyl thiosulfionate), 19.2.27
Garlic smell, sulfides, RSR, (R not equal to H) thioethers, diallyl sulfide, (garlic smell), 16.2.8.2
Gas, States of matter, solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), aqueous solution (dissolved in water) (aq)
Gases
Gasoline, Distil crude oil and collect the fractions, 10.6.3
Gasoline, Petrol, Fractional distillation, 16.1.12.3
Gels, gelatine
Geosmin, Earth smells, rain smells and cut grass smells, 16.3.4.1b
Germanium, Ge, Table of the elements
GHB, Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, 11.12.2.1
Ghost crystals, sodium polyacrylate, 3.4.2.5.1
Glass, cutting, tubing, 2.15.0
Glass, Silicon compounds, 7.2.3
Glass wool, safety, 3.3.6
Glazing agents, food additive, 19.4.4.19
Globular proteins, Fibrous proteins and globular proteins, collagen, 16.3.6.0.2
Glowing splint test, Tests for oxygen, 3.49.1
Gluconic acid, d-gluconic acid, d-glucuronic acid, food additive E574, anti-caking agent, sequestrant, 16.3.2.2
Glucono delta-lactone, food additive E575, acidity regulator, raising agent
Glucose
Glucoside, 16.3.2.6.1
Gluten, wheat starch and gluten, gluten intolerance, 19.4.2.2.5
Glycemic index, (GI) GI value and GI load 4.2.11
Glycemic index, heat starch, 19.2.15
Glycerides, 16.3.3.0.5
Glycerides, esters of the tri-alcohol glycerol, triglyceride, fat, synthetic monoglyceride emulsifiers, 16.3.3.0
Glycerine jelly, adhesive to stick sections to microscope slides, 2.1
Glycerol, glycerin, glycerine, viscous fluid, CH2OH.CHOHCH2OH, propane-123-triol, tests for glycerol, 12.12.3
Glycerol, Trihydric alcohols, glycerol, 16.1.3.0.2
Glycine, aminoacetic acid, powder NH2CH2COOH
Glycoalkaloids, avoid bruised or green potatoes, 19.2.17
Glycogen, Starches, amylum, glycogen, 16.3.1.5
Glycol, Dihydric alcohols, glycol, 16.1.3.0.1
Glycoproteins, 16.3.6.3
Glycosaminoglycans, 16.3.2.4
Glycoside | 16.3.2.6
Goanna oil
Gold
Gram stain, apply Gram stain, microscopy stain, 9.1.2.1.5
Gram stain, microscopy stain, 3.11
Gram's iodine solution, microscopy stain, 3.12
Graphite, C Carbon 7.2.2.11
Graphite, (Geology), 35.23.2
Groundnut, (peanut) extract oil from peanuts, 10.12.1
Greenhouse gases, composition of the atmosphere and greenhouse gasses, 2.32.1
Group formula 7.9.30
Group tests, explanation of Group analysis, 17.5.7.0
Group tests for metallic radicals, 12.11.6.0
Group tests to identify cations, Prepare a solution for group analysis, 12.11.4.0
Groups, of the periodic table, Periodic Table
Guanine, Structure of DNA, 16.3.2.8.1
Gum arabic, polysaccharide gums, 16.3.2.9
Gutta-percha
Haematoxylin, microscopy stain, 3.13
Haemes haemoglobin, globular protein in animals, oxygen carriers, 16.3.5.2
Haeme, Constituents of blood 9.214
Hafnium, Hf, Table of the elements
Hair, keratin
Hair straightening, permanent wave, permanent crease solution, sodium metabisulfite, 19.5.1.1
Halite, NaCl, sodium chloride, mineral, (Geology), 35.20.19
Hallucinogenic drugs, 11.11.9
Halogens
Handling and transferring chemicals, 3.4.10
Hardness in water, hard water, soft water, 12.13
Hardness, Make soap suds with hard water and soft water, 12.13.14
Hardness, Water hardness using EDTA titration, 12.13.12
Hardness, Water softening using ion exchange resin, 12.13.13
Hardware, laundry, painting, cleaning, preserving, 19.6.0
Hassium, Hs, Table of the elements
Haupt's adhesive, adhesive to stick sections to microscope slides, 2.2
Hazard classifications, Appendix 8
Hazardous wastes, Contamination of groundwater by refuse, 18.6.1
Hazards associated with gases, safety, 3.8.0
Hazards of anion compounds, safety, 3.7.0
Heat
Heat (something)
Heat of
Heavy metals, 7.9.31
hectopascal, Statics of fluids, static pressure, the Pascal, 12.1.0
Heidenhain iron haematoxylin, microscopy stain, 3.14
Helium
Haematite, (hematite), Fe2O3, (Geology), 35.20.20
Haeme, (heme), 16.3.5.2
Hemicellulose, Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, tests for wood, 16.3.1.6
Heptane
Herbal remedies, Solutions used in making herbal remedies, 5.01.4
Heroin, abuse of volatile substances, 11.11.15
Hess's law, Energy of reactions, enthalpy, thermal capacity, Heat of reaction, Hess's law, 14.01
Heterocyclic compounds, See diagram 16.3.4.4
Hexadecan-1-ol, cetyl alcohol, CH3.(CH2)14CH2OH, Melting point of substances, 7.4.2
Hexane
Histamine, Antihistamines, histamine, dexchlorpheniramine, (Polaramine), 11.11.5
Histamine, Five member heterocycles, 16.3.4.5
Holmium, Ho, Table of the elements
Home, Chemical reactions in the home, 19.1.0
Hornblende, (Geology), 35.17
Hot ice, observe frozen carbon dioxide, dry ice, hot ice, 3.34.5
Household chemicals, 19.1.0
Household chemicals, checklist of chemicals in the home, 19.4.1
Humectant, bulking agents, food additive, 19.4.4.20
Humectant, food additive, 19.4.4.7
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbyl groups, univalent groups, Hydrogen atom removed from a hydrocarbon, ethyl, phenyl
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrofluoric acid, 12.19.7.0
Hydrogen bromide, HBr
Hydrogen chloride, HCl
Hydrogen fluoride, HF, Prepare hydrogen fluoride, 12.19.7.1
Hydrogen, H2
Hydrogen iodide, HI, Prepare hydrogen iodide, 12.19.6.1
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen sulfate ions, 12.6.0
Hydrogen sulfide, H2S
Hydrogenation, 16.11.11
Hydrogencarbonate, bicarbonate
Hydrolysis, 16.11.12
Hydrolysis of
Hydronium ion (hydroxonium ion, oxonium ion) 7.9.32
Hydrophilic, 7.9.33
Hydroponics, soil-less culture solutions, Knop's solution, mineral deficiency experiment, 9.9.18
Hydroxides
Hydroxonium ion
2-hydroxypropionic acid, lactic acid
Hygroscopic 7.9.34
Hygroscopic, deliquescent and efflorescent chemicals, 3.31.0
Hypochlorite
Hypo, sodium thiosulfate, Heat of crystallization, 24.1.8, (2.)
Hypo, Heat different crystals with water of crystallization, 3.2.3
Decomposition reactions, 12.2.3
Examples of decomposition reactions, 12.2.3.1
Substances that decompose when heated, but may be reformed, 8.4.0
Substances that may lose mass when heated, 8.3.0
Density of
elements
air, 12.3.20
carbon dioxide by extinguishing lighted splint, lighted splint test for carbon dioxide, 3.34.1.1
gases, Standard temperature and pressure, S.T.P, density of gases, 20.0.6
ice, 11.2.3
minerals, relative density, specific gravity, 35.11
water, 11.2.2
Separate immiscible liquids of different density, 3.26
Separate solids using density difference, 3.27
Detergents, syndets, 7.9.16
Detergents, 12.12.04
Detergents in place of soap solution, 12.13.8
Laundry detergents, 12.12.07
Machine dishwashing detergents, 12.12.08
Prepare an alcohol based detergent, 12.13.9
Tempoary emulsions and permanent emulsions, kerosene, 7.8.2.4
Dilute acids with alkalis, 5.3.0
Dilute buffer solutions, 12.10.7.1
Dilution, observe colour change of diluted potassium permanganate, 3.3.1
Displacement reactions, (substitution reactions), 12.2.4
Displace less reactive halogen from its compounds, 12.19.3.0
Measure heat from a displacement reaction, zinc in copper (II) sulfate solution, 14.1.6
Iron displaces copper in copper sulfate solution, 12.2.4.1
Prepare zinc sulfate crystals, 12.2.4.2
Magnesium displaces hydrogen in ethanoic acid (acetic acid, CH3COOH), 12.2.4.3
Magnesium displaces copper from solution of copper ions, 3.72
Metals displace hydrogen from acids, 3.74
Zinc displaces lead from lead nitrate solution, 12.14.1
Dissolve, observe volume change when substances dissolve, 3.3.4
Dissolve, total dissolved solids, suspended solids in water, 18.2.0
Distillation, Prepare gas by destructive distillation of coal, 10.6.5
Separate by fractional distillation, 10.6.0
Separate by distillation, 10.5.0
Steam distillation to find water and fat content of food, toluene, 10.5.5
Steam distillation of eucalyptus leaves, eucalyptol, (1,8-cineole) oil of cloves, eugenol, 10.5.6
Separate substances from mixtures, 3.18.0
Double decomposition, Reactions of ions in solutions, double decomposition reaction 3.71
Double decomposition, Prepare soap by saponification 12.12.02 (See 2.)
Double decomposition, Double decomposition reactions, precipitation reactions, 12.2.1
Double decomposition, Prepare insoluble hydroxides with ammonia solution by double decomposition 3.33.2
Double salt
Double salt, Potassium sodium tartrate-4-water
Double salt, Aluminium potassium sulfate
Fehling's test for aldehydes in solution, Rochelle salt, 16.3.7
Prepare copper (II) ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4.CuSO4.6H2O, 12.7.4
Prepare crystals of double salts, 3.54.01
Prepare iron (II) ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4.FeSO4.6H2O, 12.8.14
Prepare potash alum, sub>2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O, from its constituent salts, 12.14.1
EDTA, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, (HOOC.CH2)2N(CH2)2N(CH2.COOH)2, 16.4.4
EDTA, measure water hardness using EDTA titration, 12.13.12
EDTA, Tests for metal ions in water, 12.13.11
Electric and electrical
Electric current, ampere, 6.3.1.4
Electric polarity, test paper to determine electric polarity, 3.4.5
Electric writing, 3.4.4
Electrical conductivity of a substance, 3.59.0
Electrical energy from chemical reactions, 3.84.0
Electrical experiments equipment, 8.0
Electrical fires, safety, 3.5.6
Electrical outlets and equipment, 2.2
Electrical conductivity of substances, 3.59.0
Electrical conductivity of a substance, 15.4.0
Electrical conductivity, Properties of ionic solutions, Conductivity of pure water and solutions, 3.1.0
Electrolysis and electrolyte
Electrolysis, 15.5.0
Electrolysis, Dissolve chlorine in pool water by electrolysis, 18.7.6
Electrolytes, 15.00
Elements combine with oxygen gas when heated in air 8.2.0
Elements, descriptions, 7.2.2
Elements in foods, 3.98
Elements, PeriodicTable
Elements, Table of the elements
Tests for elements with flame tests, 12.11.3.2
Emulsions, 7.9.18
Photographic emulsions, gelatin
Emulsions, 7.8.2.0
Emulsifiers, food additive, 19.4.4.14
Soap as an emulsifying agent, 7.8.6.0
Emulsions, face cream emulsion, 7.8.2.2
Emulsions, salad dressing and mayonnaise emulsions, 19.2.12
Temporary emulsions and permanent emulsions, kerosene, detergent, 7.8.2.4
Brewing yeast as emulsifier, Yeast, fermentation, brewing, whisky, fish sauce, 19.2.11
Endothermic reactions, Molar solution, 7.7.0.3
Endothermic reactions, Reactions that take in heat energy, 14.2.0
Endothermic reactions take in heat energy, 3.81
Energy and enthalpy
Energy conversion KJ, MJ, KWh, therm, BTU, calorie, horsepower, 3.13.0
Energy from chemical reactions, 3.80.0
Energy of reactions, enthalpy, thermal capacity, heat of reaction, Hess's law, 14.01
Energy, renewable energy, 9.0.1
Enthalpy, Energy of reactions, enthalpy, thermal capacity, heat of reaction, Hess's law, 14.01
Enzymes, 7.9.19
Action of catalase using raw beef liver and hydrogen peroxide, 17.3.8
Bromelain enzyme from pineapples, Ananas, 17.4.3
Commercially available enzymes, 17.4.01
Diastase, zymase, use yeast, 19.2.11
Food tests, 9.11.0
Jelly using fresh pineapple and tinned pineapple, 19.2.9.1
Synthetic detergents, (syndets), 12.12.03.6
Tests for glucose, urine test, 19.1.20.4
Ethane, (C2H6, CH3.CH3, H3C.CH3) prepare ethane, 16.1.1b
CFCs, chlorofluorocarbons 12.19.5.0
Ethene, (ethylene), (C2H4, CH2.CH2, H2C=CH2)
Acrylamide, 2-Propenamide, ethylene carboxamide, acrylic amide, vinyl amide 16.1.5.6.1
Breakdown of ethanol to ethene, 3.96
Ethene, prepare ethene gas, 16.1.1.2.1
Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, (HOOC.CH2)2N(CH2)2N(CH2.COOH)2 16.4.4 | EDTA
Ethylene, Pineapple project, 6.0 Flowering and forcing (See 6.)
Ethylene bromide, Cassava project, 17. Pests and diseases, (See 9.)
Ethylene bromide, Food gardens, 6.9.18.9 Granules
Ethylene glycol, Melting point of ice and freezing point of water 7.4.3
Ethylene glycol, Sweetness, relative sweetness of some artificial sweeteners 19.4.2.4
Ethylene glycol, Vapour pressure of pure water and solution of a non-volatile solvent 24.1.02
Ethylene inhibitor, Prepare preserving agents for cut flowers, 19.6.5
Stain removal 19.4.2.1
Teflon, polytetrafluoroethene polymer, (PTFE), 3.4.2.9
Ethyne, (acetylene), (C2H2, CH.CH, HC=-CH)
Acetylene, Pineapple project, 6.0 Flowering and forcing (See 6.)
Acetylene black, 7.2.2.11
Alkynes, (CnH2n-2), acetylenes, 16.1.1.3
Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) ionization reaction 16.3.6.1.4
Prepare ethyne (acetylene) gas, 16.1.1.3.1
Test gases from burning hydrocarbons 16.4.6
Ethanoic acid-2-water, glacial acetic acid fixative
Acetic acid, Dilute acids and metals, sulfuric acid and ethanoic acid, 12.3.2.1
Common ion effect, sodium ethanoate and ethanoic acid, 17.5.2
Dilute ethanoic acid with metals, 12.3.2.1
Heat of neutralization, ethanoic acid and NaOH solution, 14.1.5.1
Prepare ethanoic acid, (acetic acid) ionization reaction, 16.4.2
Tests for CH3COO- and, (CO3)2-, 12.11.5.1
Vinegar, (acetic acid) prepare mayonnaise, 19.2.12
Ethanol, 95% ethyl alcohol, (FLAM 1170) C2H5OH, rectified spirit, (4.43% water, BP 78oC) constant boiling mixture = 95.6% ethanol
Ethanol absolute, (FLAM 1170) C2H5OH, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, absolute alcohol is pure ethanol fixative
Alcohol abuse, ethanol, 11.11.3
Alcohol burner, 8.1.3.1
Boiling point of inflammable liquids, ethanol, 7.5.4
Boiling point of mixture of two liquids, water and alcohol, 7.5.3
Breath test after drinking alcohol, potassium dichromate, 15.2.11
Burn (Monopoly, fake money) bank notes, ethanol, 8.6.1
Separate mixture of ethanol and water, 10.6.1
Fats and oils, fatty acids, the ester of glycerol and 3-fatty acids, tricarboxylic acids, 16.3.3.0
Fats and oils, food tests, 9.11.3
Burn carbohydrates, fats and proteins, 16.9.1
Classification of fats, 19.2.1.2
Cooking fats, 19.1.17
Fats in animals and plants, 19.2.1.1
Fats in our food, 19.2.1.0
Heat fats, 19.2.1.5
Hydrogenation, cis - trans fatty acids, 19.2.1.3
Prepare soap, household soap, 19.6.6
Prepare soap with animal fats, 12.12.1
Rancidity, 19.2.1.4
Steam distillation to find water and fat content of food, toluene, 10.5.5
Tests for fats and oils, 9.137
Tests for proportion of fats in foods, 16.4.5
Tests for fats and oils, paper test, Sudan (III) test, solubility test, osmic acid test, 9.137
Fatty Acids
Fatty acids, 16.3.3.0.6
Fatty acids, Carboxylic acids, fatty acids and their salts, Carboxylic acids group (-COOH) suffix -oic acid, 16.4.1.1
Fatty acids in coconut oil and other oils, 15.1
Fatty acids, Omega-3 fatty acids, 19.2.1.8
Fatty acids, Esters, derivatives of fatty acids, (RCOOR') Esters group: (-COOR) suffix: -oate 16.5.1.0
Fehling's test, Purchase Fehling's solution No.1 1 litre, Fehling's solution No.2 COR 1 litre
Fehling's tests for aldehydes in solution, 16.3.7
Fehling's tests for starch, 9.142
Breakdown starch to sugars, 3.95
Hydrolysis of starch by dilute hydrochloric acid, 9.129
Hydrolysis of starch by salivary amylase, (ptyalin) 9.130
Hydrolysis of sucrose by dilute acids, 9.131
Prepare copper (I) oxide, CuO, 12.7.6
Tests for reducing sugars and aldehydes, tests for simple sugars, Fehling's test, 9.140
Fermentation "Safety in school science Biotechnology"
Fermentation processes in food production, 4.2.0
Fermentation using yeast, 17.4.2
Alcoholic fermentation, yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 6.6.18
Butyric acid fermentation, 6.6.19
Carbon dioxide and fermentation for brewing, 3.38
Yeast, fermentation, brewing, whisky, fish sauce, 19.2.11
Filtration, filtering, fold filter paper, (Diagram) 6.21
Clarify muddy water with filtration, 10.11.1
Separate with sedimentation and filtration, 10.11.0
Fluorine, F, Elements and chemical reactions, 7.2.2.16
Elements in the Earth's crust 35.3.0
Fluorine, Table of the elements
Fluorspar, fluorite (calcium fluoride) 35.20.14
Halogen compounds, haloalkanes (alkyl halides) halogen derivatives 16.2.2
Fluorine, F, hydrofluoric acid, HF, 12.19.7.0
Prepare hydrogen fluoride, HF, 12.19.7.1
Prepare silicon tetrafluoride, SiF4, 12.19.7.2
Teeth and toothpaste, calcium hydroxyl apatite, calcium hydroxyapatite, 9.226
Food chemistry, 19.4.0
Composition, 19.2.0
Elements, 3.98
Food preservation, 19.3.6
Food tests, different foods, 9.11.0
Heat different foods, 9.128
Shopping chemistry, food additives, EEC Code numbers, 19.4.4
The 3 kinds of food, (primary), 2.34
Tests for nitrogen compounds in food, soda lime test, 9.138
Gases, town gas, bottled gas, natural gas
Gases 13.1.0
Gases, Different gases, Alkanes to Xenon 13.1.1
Gas burette, Dilute hydrochloric acid with marble chips, 17.1.3
Gas or vapour inhalation, EAR, CPR, safety, 3.4.6
Gas installations and inspections, 2.1
Gas-pak, 2.11
Gas burette, Rate of reaction, Dilute hydrochloric acid with marble chips, 17.1.3
Gases dissolved in a water sample, 3.25
Bunsen burner gases 3.1.1.1
Chemical vapours and smelling chemicals, safety, 3.4.8
Fume cupboards, fume hoods, 2.4
Hazards associated with gases, 3.8.0
Packaging gases, propellants, food additives, 19.4.4.22
Prepare, collect and test gases, 3.32
Prepare gases with a gas generation apparatus, 3.32.0
Volume of gas dissolved in tap water, 7.7.13.1
Gels, gelatin, gelatine, 7.8.0.4
Gelatin, gelatine, observe diffusion through a colloidal gel, 9.164
Gelatin, gelatine, jelly with fresh or tinned pineapple, 19.2.9.1
Glass, cutting, cleaning, glass tubing, 2.15.0
Electrical conductivity of melted solids, fused solids, 3.59.3
Prepare coloured glass, 7.2.4.2
Test-tubes, glassware and microscope slides, laboratory safety, 3.3.1
Glucose, Glucose atom carbon numbers, See diagram 16.3.1.3a
Glucose molecule, See diagram 16.3.1.3b
Glucose oxidase enzyme, Acidity regulators, food additive E1102, 19.4.4.8
Oxidation of glucose with NaOH and methylene blue, blue bottle experiment, 16.3.4
Tests for glucose, Clinistix strip, indicator substance o-toluidine, urine test, 19.1.20.4
Glucono delta-lactone, food additive E575, acidity regulator, raising agent
Gluconic acid, d-gluconic acid, d-glucuronic acid, food additive E574, anti-caking agent, sequestrant, 16.3.2.2
Gold, Au, Elements and chemical reactions, 7.2.2.17
Gold, Table of the elements
Gold, (Geology), 35.20.18
Carat, 3.2.2
Halogens, halogen compounds, haloalkanes, (alkyl halides) halogen derivatives, 16.2.2
Halogens, Group 17 of the periodic table, 12.19
Tests for halides, Cl-, Br-, I-, 12.11.5.10
Heat capacity, (thermal capacity) C, 23.5.0
Heat and temperature, 22.0
Heat from rusting of steel wool, 14.1.4
Heat measuring devices, calorimeter, 22.1
Heat pack, sodium acetate heat pack, 5.01.3
Heat sensitive paper, cobalt (II) chloride, ammonium chloride, (sal ammoniac) 5.3.4.4
Heat sources, 22.2
Collect and weigh the gaseous products of a burning candle, alkanes, (paraffins), 3.28.4
Endothermic reactions, Reactions that take in heat energy, 14.2.0
Exothermic reactions, Reactions that give out heat energy, 14.1.0
Fire safety, 3.5.0
Hot ice, observe frozen carbon dioxide, (dry ice, hot ice), 3.34.5
Ignition temperature, 8.6.1
Oven temperatures, 6.14.0
Substances that gain mass when heated, copper foil, 3.28.0
Substances that gain mass when heated, magnesium ribbon, 3.28.1
Temperature and rate of a reaction, 3.93
Temperature, Fahrenheit scale, Celsius scale, Kelvin scale, 6.3.1.5
Thermometers and mercury, safety, 3.3.4
Thermometry, thermometer, temperature, 22.3
Heat (something)
carbonates, Prepare carbon dioxide by heating carbonates, 13.7.6
copper with iodine, 12.2.2.2
dinitrogen tetroxide (nitrogen tetroxide, N2O4) 17.5.6.2
food with copper (II) oxide, 16.9.2
hydrated iron chlorides, 12.8.13
hydrogen bromide, 12.19.9.3a
hydrogen carbonate, Prepare carbon dioxide by heating hydrogen carbonates, 13.7.7
iron with iodine, 12.2.2.3
iron with sulfur, 12.2.2.1
nitrogen tetroxide (dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4), 17.5.6.2
salts, 8.3.1
substances, (primary), 2.21
substances, Test substances by action of heat in dry test-tube, 12.11.3.4
sulfur in air, 8.2.3.1
Substances that gain mass when heated, copper foil, 3.28.0
Substances may decompose and lose mass when heated, thermal decomposition, 3.30.0
Heat of
combustion, bomb calorimeter, 23.5.7
displacement reaction, zinc in copper (II) sulfate solution, 14.16
neutralization reaction, 3.82
neutralization, Dilute hydrochloric acid and NaOH solution, 14.1.5
neutralization titration, 12.8.6
neutralization, Dilute hydrochloric acid / ethanoic acid and NaOH solution, 14.1.5.1
reaction, energy of reactions, enthalpy, thermal capacity, Heat of reaction, Hess's law, 14.01
solution, anhydrous copper (II) sulfate, 14.11
solution, 3.17
Helium, He, Elements and chemical reactions 7.2.2.18
Helium, Table of the elements
Balloon as a sound lens, acoustic lens (See 4.) 26.7.3
Balloon electroscope 31.3.6
Critical point, critical temperature 24.1.05
Prepare hydrogen gas bubbles 13.2.4
Prepare hydrogen gas bubbles 3.41.2
Properties of materials at low temperature, liquid helium, 23.4.1
Packaging gases, propellants, food additive, 19.4.4.22
Heptane, (C7H16), 16.1.1g
Heptane, Octane number See diagram 16.1.1h
Hexane, (C6H14), 16.1.1f
Hexane, C6H14, hexyl C6H13, Stem name: hex-
n-Hexane, hexane
Hexane, octane number, See diagram 16.1.1h
Alkanes (CnH2n+2), paraffins (hexane) 16.1.1.1
Hexane-1, 6-diamine, 1, 6-diaminohexane
Adipic acid, (hexanedioic acid)
Cyclohexane
Insect repellents, (ethyl hexanediol), 16.13.8.0
Lactams (-NH(CO-), e.g. caprolactam, (6-hexanelactam), (C6H11NO), 16.3.4.0.3
Measure the size of a carbon atom in a stearic acid molecule, (hexane), 3.3.3.1
Prepare nylon polymer, (1, 6-diaminohexane), 3.4.7,
Tests for iodides, (hexane), 12.11.5.12
Hydrocarbons, test gases from burning hydrocarbons, 16.4.6
Tests for saturated hydrocarbons, acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution, 16.4.9
Tests for saturated hydrocarbons, alkaline potassium manganate (VII) solution, 16.4.8
Tests for saturated hydrocarbons, bromine water test, 16.4.7
Hydrochloric acid, Hydrochloric acid, (COR 1789) 36% hydrochloric acid, spirits of salts, muriatic acid, aqua regia 3 vols concentrated hydrochloric acid + 1 vol concentrated HNO3
Hydrochloric acid 3 M Dilute 258 mL of 11.6 M acid to 1 litre of water (35% hydrochloric acid)
Hydrochloric acid 4 M Dilute 400 mL of 10 M acid to 1 litre of water
Dilute hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide, 12.8.2
Dilute hydrochloric acid with metals, acids with metals, 12.3.2
Dilute hydrochloric acid with calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, 12.3.9.1
Dilute hydrochloric acid with hydroxides, 12.3.7.2
Dilute hydrochloric acid with zinc, Galvanic cell, 3.84.3
Dilute hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide solution, Heat of neutralization, 14.1.5.1
Prepare carbon dioxide by adding acids to carbonates and bicarbonates, sodium hydrogen carbonate, 3.34.0
Prepare chlorine with dilute hydrochloric acid and domestic bleach solution, 13.4.4
Prepare hydrogen chloride, HCl 3.42
Prepare hydrochloric acid 3.42.02.1
Prepare hydrogen with zinc with dilute hydrochloric acid, 3.41
Prepare chlorine with concentrated hydrochloric acid and manganese (IV) oxide, 13.4.5
Prepare chlorine with concentrated hydrochloric acid and potassium manganate (VIII), 13.4.6
Reverse colour change, potassium iodide and hydrochloric acid, 17.3.5
Sodium thiosulfate, (hypo) colloid, 7.8.1.3
Titrate dilute hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide solution, using a burette, 12.8.4
Titrate dilute hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide solution, using a burette (second method), 12.8.4.1
Test substances by action with dilute hydrochloric acid and note gas produced, 12.11.3.5
Rates of reaction
Concentration of reactants, hydrochloric acid with magnesium, 17.2.2.1
Concentration of reactants, hydrochloric acid with sodium thiosulfate, 17.2.2
Dilute hydrochloric acid with
marble chips, gas burette, 17.1.3
marble chips, particle size, 17.2.1
granulated zinc, measurement, 17.1.1
magnesium, depends on concentration, 17.5.4.1
zinc, volume of gas, 17.1.2
Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate ion, Dilute acids on hydrogen carbonates, sodium hydrogen carbonate, 12.3.10
Heat a hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, (sodium bicarbonate), 12.16.4
Prepare carbon dioxide by heating hydrogen carbonates, 13.7.7
Thermal decomposition, 3.30.2
Hydrogen bromide, HBr
Prepare hydrogen bromide, 12.19.9.3
Heat hydrogen bromide, 12.19.9.3a
Reactions of hydrogen bromide, 12.19.9.4
Tests for substances with hot concentrated sulfuric acid, note gas produced 12.11.3.6
Reactions of benzene 16.8.1
Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, "peroxide", bleach, antiseptic, wastewater treatment for BOD (biological oxygen demand)
Hydrogen peroxide concentration, 3.49a
Hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent, 12.12.4
Hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent, 15.2.7
Hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent, 12.12.5
Hydrogen peroxide decomposition, with different catalysts, 17.3.1
Hydrogen peroxide decomposition, with manganese (IV) oxide catalyst, 17.3.2
Hydrogen peroxide with manganese (IV) oxide, Rate of reaction, height of suds, 17.1.5
Hydrogen peroxide with potassium iodide, Clock reaction, 17.1.6
Hydrogen peroxide with potassium iodide, reverse colour change, 17.3.5
Hydrogen peroxide with potassium sodium tartrate, cobalt (II) chloride catalyst, visible activated complex, 17.3.6
Hydrogen peroxide with catalase enzyme in raw beef liver, 17.3.8
Hydrogen peroxide with sodium thiosulfate, ammonium molybdate catalyst, 17.3.9
Prepare hydrogen peroxide solution, 12.12.3
Prepare oxygen foam with hydrogen peroxide, 13.3.1
Prepare oxygen with hydrogen peroxide, 3.49
Tests for hydrogen peroxide, ionization reaction, 12.12.6
Hydrolysis of:
ammonium chloride, 12.10.3.2
antimony chloride, law of mass action and reversible reactions, 17.5.5.2
bismuth chloride, law of mass action and reversible reactions, 17.5.5.1
ethyl acetate, autocatalytic hydrolysis, 17.3.15
iron (III) chloride, iron chloride, 12.10.5
salts, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, 12.10.3
sodium hydrogen carbonate, 12.10.3.1
starch by dilute hydrochloric acid, 9.129
starch by salivary amylase, (ptyalin), 9.130
sucrose by dilute acids, 9.131
Hydroxides, alkalis and amphoteric oxides and hydroxides, 12.7.7
Dilute acids and hydroxides, magnesium hydroxide, NaOH, 12.3.6
Hydroxyl ions, tests for ammonia and hydroxyl ions, 13.6.5
Thermal decomposition of hydroxides, 3.30.3
Tests for hydroxides, 12.11.5.11
Hypochlorite, pass chlorine through water, 13.4.11
Hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite
Hypochlorites, hazards, 3.7.7
Prepare chlorine, Cl2, 3.40
Decomposition of sodium hypochlorite with cobalt sulfate catalyst, 17.3.14
Inorganic hypochlorites, swimming pool chemical, 18.7.2.2
Calcium hypochlorite, swimming pool chemical, Ca(OCl)2, 18.7.2.2.1
Sodium hypochlorite, swimming pool chemical, NaOCl, 18.7.2.2.2
Sodium hypochlorite, swimming pools, Checklist of daily routine for the pool operator, 3.9.1