topicIndexDEF

School Science Experiments
Chemistry index and minerals DEF
Updated: 2012-02-08 SP
Please send comments to: J.Elfick@uq.edu.au

Index, items D, | E, | F
D-
Dacron, Terylene, Nylon, Perlon, Natural polyamides: 3.7.6
Dalapon herbicide: 16.13.7.2
Dalton's law of partial pressures: 20.0.8
Daniell cell, Voltaic cell (Galvanic cell), Daniell cell, salt bridge: 33.3.2
Daniell cell, primary voltaic cell: 3.85
Darmstadtium, Ds, Table of the elements
Date rape drugs
Davy lamp, Conduction of heat by metals: 23.7.5
DCIP, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, microscopy stain: 3.8
DCPIP, DIP, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, solution, tablets, Tests for vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid): 9.143 (See 1.)
DCPIP, Toxicity, Poisons and First Aid: 3.10.0, See: DCPIP
DDT
Decane, Alkanes (C_nH_2n+2), paraffins: 16.1.1.1
Decanedioic acid, HOOC(CH₂)₈COOH, sebacic acid, from castor oil
Decanedioyl dichloride, ClOC(CH₂)₈COCl, sebacoyl chloride, Prepare nylon polymer: 3.4.7
Decanoic acid, capric acid, CH₃(CH₂)₈COOH
deci, one tenth, e.g. decilitre = 1/10 litre
Decoction, Solutions used in making herbal remedies, infusion, decoction, tincture: 5.04
Decomposition reactions
DEG, diethylene glycol, C₄H₁₀O₃
Degrees proof, proof spirit, (alcohol concentration): 3.7.3
Deionized water, Ion exchange resins, deionized water: 16.4.4.1
Delafield's haematoxylin, microscopy stain: 3.9
Deliquescent substances: 3.31.02
Deliquescent and efflorescent chemicals: 3.2.0
Demineralized water, "demi water", has minerals or salts removed by different processes, use instead of expensive distilled water
Denatured methylated spirit
Denature: 16.11.7
Density: 11.0.0
Depression of freezing point and elevation of boiling point: 24.1.04
Designer drugs, abuse of volatile substances: 11.11.13
Desiccants, drying agents: 3.31.04
Detergent, SYNDET, Synthetic Detergents
Dettol, Carbolic acid, phenol, TCP: 16.1.3.2.1
Deuterium: 3.6.1
Devarda's alloy, Nitrates, Reduce nitrate to ammonia: 12.11.2.2
Dewar flask (vacuum flask, "Thermos" flask, Mariotte flask): 23.9.1
Dexchlorpheniramine "anti-histamine", antihistamines, histamine, dexchlorpheniramine, (Polaramine): 11.11.5
Dextran, H(C₆H₁₀O₅)_xOH, straight chain and branched polysaccharide, in dental plaque, used to reduce blood viscosity and thrombosis
Dextran, the bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and others, converts sucrose to dextran, used to producing sauerkraut
Dextrin, tests for dextrins in toast: 19.3.4.1
Dextrose, C₆7H₁₂O₆, D-glucose, blood sugar, grape sugar, corn sugar
Diacetyl, 2,3-butanedione: 16.3.9
Diaminoethane, H₂N(CH₂)₂NH₂, chelate
1,6-diaminohexane, C₆H₁₆N₂, hexamethylenediamine, HMDA, Harmful, irritant, 5%, solution in water
Diaminohexane, NH₂(CH₂).(CH₂).NH_2,hexamethylenediamine, 1,6-diaminohexane, Prepare nylon polymer: 3.4.7
Diamino, compound contains 2 amino groups or substituted amino groups
1,2-diaminoethane, C₂H₈N₂, C₂H₄(NH₂)₂, ethylenediamine, smells like ammonia, related to EDTA, Toxic by all routes, corrosive
1,2-diaminoethane, Solution < 1%, Not hazardous
4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, C₁₂H₁₂N₂, (C₆H₄NH₂)₂, benzidine, Toxic by all routes, Not permitted in schools
Diammonium copper (II) sulfate (VI)-6-water, Cu(NH₃)₄SO₄.H₂O, ammonium cupric sulfate, in fire extinguishers, Environment danger
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate, (NH₄)₂HPO₄, ammonium hydrogen phosphate dibasic, in fertilizers, Toxic if ingested
Diammonium thiosulfate, (NH₄)₂S₂O₃, ammonium thiosulfate, photography rapid fixer, fertilizer, reducing agent, Environment danger
Diamond, C
Diastase, Activity of diastase: 9.3.10
Diatomaceous earth, swimming pool filter, Filters, flocculent, coagulants: 18.7.20
Diatoms, Class Bacillariophyceae, (Diatomophyceae) (Phylum Bacillariophyta): 1.0
Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, (medical treatment of anxiety), trade name: Valium
Diazines: See diagram 16.3.4.4
Diazo compounds: (RN=NR'), Nitrogen compounds: 16.2.5
Diazo compounds: 16.3.4.0.5
Diazonium ion, C₆H₅N₂⁺, forms unstable salts
Diazo prints, blueprints and diazo prints: 2.3
Dibenzazepine, tricyclic anti-depressant, TCA
Dibenzoyl peroxide, C₁₄H₁₀O₄, benzoyl peroxide, Toxic, Highly flammable, Not permitted in schools
Dibromomethane, Toxic by all routes
Dibromomethane, Solution < 12.5%, Not hazardous
Dibromo
1,2-dibromoethane, BrCH₂CH₂Br, ethylene dibromide, Toxic by all routes, avoid inhalation
1,2-dibromoethane, Solution < 1%, Not hazardous
1,2-dibromopropane, propylene dibromide, Toxic by all routes, avoid inhalation
Dibutylphthalate
Dicarbides, C₂^2-, acetylides
Dicarboxylic acids, two carboxyl groups, (-dioic acid): 16.3.8.2
Dichlor, sodium dichloro isocyanuric acid, (used in swimming pools): 18.7.2.4
Dichloroacetic acid, dichloroethanoic acid, DCA, CHCl₂COOH, Toxic by all routes, Vapour irritates lungs
Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diamine, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, Toxic by all routes, Not permitted in schools
2,2'-dichlorodiethyl ether, dichloroether, dichlorodiethyl ether, Toxic by all routes, Not permitted in schools
Dichlorodifluoromethane, CCl₂F₂, Freon 12, CFCs, chlorofluorocarbons, "Freons": 12.19.5.0
Dichloroethane, ClC₂H₄Cl, 1,2-dichloroethane, ethylene dichloride, dichloroethylene, Freon 150, Toxic, Highly flammable
Dichloromethane, CH₂Cl₂, methylene chloride, Freon 30, Toxic by all routes, possibly carcinogenic
Dichloromethane, Solution < 1%, Not hazardous
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, dichloroindophenol, dichlorophenol, DCPIP, DIP, Toxic if ingested, Tests for vitamin C: 9.143
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D, C₈H₆Cl₂O₃, herbicide: 16.13.7.6
Dichromates -Cr₂O₇^-, usually orange-red salts, e.g. potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇, Chromates -CrO₄^2-, usually yellow salts
Dichromates, Reactions of dichromates, Cr₂O₇2^-: 12.5.3
Dieldrin, chlordane, aldrin, heptachlor, organochlorine insecticides: 16.13.4
Diene, organic compound containing: -C=C-
Dienes, isoprene units: 16.1.1.2.2
Diesel fuel, Toxic by all routes
Diethanolamine, (photography developer), Irritates skin and eyes
Diethanolamine, Solution < 10%, Not hazardous
Diethanolamine bisulfite, (photography developer), Irritates skin and eyes
Diethylaminopropylene, EAPA, curing agent for epoxy resin adhesive, surface coating, irritant
Diethylamine, Toxic by all routes, Irritant, strongly alkaline
Diethylamine, Solution <2%, Not hazardous
Diethylene glycol, C₄H₁₀O₃, DEG
Diethylene triamine, DTA, curing agent for epoxy resin adhesive, surface coating, irritant
Diethyl ether, C₂H₅OC₂H₅, Toxic by all routes, Not permitted in schools
Diethyl ether, Flammable: 7.9.22 (See 3.)
Diethyl ketone, pentan-3-one
Diethyl sulfate, Toxic by all routes, Not permitted in schools
Diethylene glycol, (cosmetics, photography developer), Toxic
1,2-dihydroxyanthroquinone, alizarin, Toxic, (aluminium ion indicator)
Dieldrin, heptachlor: 16.13.4
Diethyl
Diesel fuel
N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-amino-N,N-diethylaniline, Toxic by all routes
N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine, Solution < 3%, Not hazardous
Different measurements, billion, trillion: 6.2.0
Diffusion, particles of matter: 10.1.0
Dilatant compound, "Silly Putty", silicone, bouncing putty, (Dow Corning 3179 dilatant compound) "Tricky Putty": 7.2.6
Dilatant fluids, shear-thickening, stir-thickening, dilatant fluids, rheopectic fluids: 13.6.0.4
Dilead (II) lead (lV) oxide, minium, red lead, red lead oxide, trilead tetroxide
Dilution
Dimercury (I) chloride, calomel, horn quicksilver
Dimethoate, organophosphate insecticide: 16.13.4.2
Dimethoxyethane
Dimethylaminoazobenzene-4-sulfonate
Dimethyl aniline, phenyldimethyl amine
Dimethyl benzene
Dimethyl formamide, DMF, (CH₃)₂NCOH, solvent, paint thinner, odourless but impure form has fish smell
Dimethyl glyoxime, DMG, (CH₃C(NOH)C(NOH)CH₃), Toxic if ingested, Tests for nickel: 12.11.3.10.17
Dimethyl polysiloxane, food additive E900, anti-caking agent, emulsifier, anti-foaming agent
Dimethyl sulfate Toxic by all routes, Not permitted in schools
Dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO
Dimethyl sulphide
Dimorphism, aragonite: 35.33.2
Dinitrogen monoxide, nitrous oxide, N₂O: 13.1.27
Dinitrogen tetroxide, nitrogen dioxide, NO₂, nitrogen (IV) oxide: 13.1.23
Dinitrogen tetroxide, Conservation of mass in a cycle of copper reactions, the copper cycle experiment, Step 1: 12.1.3
Dinitrophenylhydrazine, DNPH, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 2,4-DNPH, Explosive, Highly flammable, Harmful
Dioctyl phthalate, DOP, C₆H₄(COOC₈H₁₇)₂, plasticizers, acaricide
Dioxane, dioxan, 1,4-dioxan, 1,4-dioxane, cyclic ether, a solvent miscible with water, Toxic by all routes (Use very small amounts.)
Dioxane, Solution < 1%, Not hazardous
Dioxins, "Agent orange", polyvinyl chloride: 16.14.0
Dipentene
Diphenyl amine, Toxic by all routes, (impure samples may contain carcinogens)
Diphenyl carbazide, C₁₃H₁₄N₄O, CO(NH.NH.C₆H₅)₂, Tests for cadmium: 12.11.3.10.7
Diphenyl carbazide, Tests for chromium: 12.11.3.10.9
Diphenyl methanone benzophenone
Dipole: 3.01 (See 2.3 HCl, H₂O)
Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (V), dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate
Dipsticks to test the vitamin C, ascorbic acid, Content of food: 19.1.20
Direct union of elements to form compounds: 8.0
Disaccharides: 16.3.1.4.0
Discharge tubes, Gas discharge tubes: 4.147
Disinfectants, antiseptics and antibiotics: 9.215
Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate V, disodium hydrogen phosphate (V)-12-water, phosphate dibasic, Na₂HPO₄.12H₂O
Disodium tetraborate-10-water, borax, sodium tetraborate,
Displacement reactions
Disposal of waste chemicals, chemical safety: 3.4.11
Disproportionation, redox reactions: 12.2.6.1
Dissection kit: 1.30
Dissociation constant, Ka: 5.6.11
Dissolve
Dissolved oxygen in water, DO, Winkler method: 18.3.2
Distil crude oil and collect the fractions: 10.6.3
Distillation
Dithizone, dithiozone, diphenyl thiocarbazone, Toxic if ingested (Spot tests, lead, copper, zinc complexes)
DL-Malic acid
dm³ = 1 litre
DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide: 16.2.8.9
DNA, RNA, nucleosides, nucleic acids: 16.3.2.8
DNA, Structure of DNA and RNA: 4.4.0
Dodecane
Dodecanedioyl dichloride
Dodecanoic acid, CH₃(CH₃)₁₀COOH, lauric acid, m.p. 44^oC, (in heat of combustion experiments)
Dodecanol, CH₃(CH₂)₁₁OH, lauryl alcohol, dodecan-1-ol, n-dodecanol, Irritant
Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid. C₁₈H₃₀O₃S, Toxic if ingested
Dolomite, CaMg(CO₃)2, Ca(CO₃)Mg(CO₃)_,[MgCa(CO₃)₂] ( + some silica), Irritant: 35.19.1
DOP, dioctyl phthalate, C₆H₄(COOC₈H₁₇)₂, plasticizers, acaricide
Double decomposition
Double salt
DPD (4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyl biphenyl), OTO, ortho-tolidine, tests for swimming pools: 18.7.21.5
DPD free chlorine reagent powder pillows, DPD No. 1 tablets, DPD No. 3 tablets, DPD total chlorine reagent powder pillows
DPX mountant, for histology, (neutral synthetic mountant), Toxicity, Poisons and First Aid: 3.10.0 (See: DPX mounting medium)
Drain cleaners: 12.12.10
Drinking straws, regular, 200 mm, pack / 250
Drug abuse: 11.11.0
Drugs from plants: 16.3.6.5
Drugs, Toxic effect of common drugs on Daphnia: 19.2.29
Dry cells
Dry cleaning spirit, White spirit, (a petroleum distillate)
Dry ice, observe frozen carbon dioxide, (dry ice, hot ice): 3.34.5
Drying agents, desiccants
Dubnium, Db, Table of the elements
Ductile, Ductility and elongation of metals: 34.5.1.4
Duplicating fluid, duplicator spirit, methylated spirits, Fordigraph fluid
Dust explosions: 15.1.1
Duties of a teacher: 3.2.0
Dyes
Dysprosium, Dy, Table of the elements, (future supply shortfall, in high temperature magnets for hard discs and turbines,
the Dy-Te-Fe alloy, Terfenol D, changes shape in magnetic fields, i.e. magnetostrictive)

E
Earth smells, rain smells and cut grass smells, geosmin: 16.3.4.1b
Ebullioscopic constant, k_B, Elevation of boiling points_:7.5.0.1
Ecstasy, abuse of volatile substances: 11.11.12
EDTA, C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₈, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
EDTA- disodium salt
EEC Code numbers of food additives most likely to cause adverse reactions: 19.4.4.2
Effervescence, Conservation of mass with effervescent tablets, health salts, sodium bicarbonate (baking soda): 12.1.1
Effervescence, Prepare fruit salts, health salts: 19.2.13
Efflorescent substances, efflorescence: 3.31.03
Efflorescent chemicals: 3.2.0
Egg, chicken egg
Einsteinium, Es, Table of the elements
Einstein was right, e = mc²: 3.13.1
Elastic, Mechanical properties of materials, elastic, ductile, malleable: 34.5.0
Elastomer polymer: 3.6.2
Electric, electrical
Electrical energy from chemical reactions: 3.84
Electrochemical cells, Cells and batteries: 33.3.0
Electrochemical cells, Batteries: 15.6.0
Electrode potential, of metals: 15.7.0
Electroforming, with copper: 15.1.7
Electrolysis: 15.5.0
Electrolytes: 15.00
Electron transfer reactions, redox reactions, (oxidation-reduction reactions), disproportionation: 12.2.6
Electrochemical series, Activity series of metals as reducing agents: 12.14.0
Electrophoresis of food dyes and coloured marking pen ink: 19.2.1.1a
Electroplating: 15.1.0
Electrorheological fluid, (ER fluid), cornflower and vegetable oil: 17.4.6.1
Electrovalent bonds: 3.01.1
Elements and compounds
Elevation of boiling points, ebullioscopic constant, k_B:7.5.0.1
Elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point and elevation of boiling point: 24.1.04
Emerald, Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆
Emery
Emulsifying (surface active) agents: 19.1.0.3
Emulsion
Enamel, dental enamel, bone, teeth and toothpaste, calcium hydroxyl apatite, calcium hydroxyapatite: 9.226
Endothermic reactions
Energy
Enthalpy, Chemical potential energy: 7.9.14.1
Environment chemistry: Topic 18
Environment danger from substances, Health effects of chemicals: 15.2.9
Environment pollution: 34.4.0
Enzyme
Eosin B, Eosin methylene blue, Eosin Y
Eosin, eosin dry, yellow shade, yellowish, tetrabromofluorescein, bromeosin, water soluble eosin: 16.3.5.3
Eosin, sodium-2,4,5,7-tetrabromofluorescein, microscopy stain: 3.10
Ephedrine group of alkaloids: 1.13.0A
Epinephrine, adrenaline: 1.6.0A
Epinephrine, amphetamines, amphetamine, epinephrine, (adrenaline), amphetamine-type stimulants: 11.11.4
Epoxy
Epsom salts, magnesium sulfate, epsomite mineral
Epsomite, magnesium sulfate, bitter salt, (kieserite), MgSO₄.7H₂O
Equilibrium: 7.9.20
Equipment and solutions: 6.0.0
Erbium, Er, Table of the elements, (adequate world supply, in optical fibre walls to boost signals)
Erlenmeyer flask: 1.27
Eriochrome, C₂₀H₁₂O₇N₃Na, C.I. 14645, C.I. Mordant, Black 11, solochrome black, Toxic if ingested
Eriochrome black T, (metal indicator for the titration of calcium and magnesium ions with EDTA), Eriochrome Black T FD 25%
Errors, accuracy and error: 3.3.1.0
Errors, theory of errors, addition of uncertainties: 6.4.0
Erythema, Sunscreens and sun-protective clothing: 19.7.4 (See 4.)
Erythrosine, C₂₀H₆I₄Na₂O₅, cherry pink food colouring, E127, used to detect dental plaque
Escalin: 16.3.5.1
Essential oils, volatile oils, ethereal oils: 16.3.3.0.3
Esterification: 16.11.9
Esters, derivatives of fatty acids, (RCOOR'), Esters group: (-COOR), Suffix: -oate: 16.5.1.0
Esters, glycerides, esters of glycerol: 16.3.3.0.5
Esters, List of esters: 1.12
Esters, e.g. propane C₃H₈, ethanoic acid CH₃COOH, ester = propyl ethanoate CH₃COOC₃H₇Estimating: 3.6.0
Etchants, etching: 7.9.20.1
Ethanal, C₂H4
Ethanamide, CH₃CONH₂, acetamide
Ethane, (C₂H₆)
Ethanedial, glyoxal, CHO-CHO (dialdehyde) in photography
Ethanedioic acid-2-water, oxalic acid, with potassium manganate (VII), autocatalysis: 17.3.3
Ethanedioic acid, prepare ethanedioic acid-2-water, (oxalic acid) ionization reaction: 16.4.3
Ethanediol, CH₂OH.CH₂OH, anti-freeze
Ethanoates, CH₃COO^-, acetates
Ethanoic acid, CH₃COOH, acetic acid, glacial acetic acid, vinegar, analytical reagent, Harmful, Corrosive
Ethanoic anhydride, (CH₃CO)₂O, (See: acetic anhydride, Strong respiratory irritant)
Ethanol
Ethanoyl, CH₃CO-, acetyls
Ethanoyl chloride, acetyl chloride
Ethene, C₂H_4,ethylene
Ethephon, plant hormone
Ethereal oils, essential oils, volatile oils: 16.3.3.0.3
Ethers, List of ethers: 1.13
Ethers, two hydrocarbon groups linked by one oxygen: 16.1.3.4
Ether, C₂H₅OC₂H₅, ethoxyethane, diethyl ether, ethyl oxide, sulfuric ether, anaesthetic ether, Not permitted in schools
Ethoxyethane, diethyl ether, ether, ethyl oxide, sulfuric ether
Ethyl
Ethylene
Ethyne, C₂H₂, Acetylene, Highly flammable
Eucalyptus oil, Flammable liquid, Inhalation harmful, Toxic if swallowed, Steam distillation of eucalyptus leaves: 10.5.6
Eugenol, clove oil, oil of cloves: 10.5.6
Euparal
Europium, Eu, Table of the elements (future supply shortfall, blue and red phosphorescence, in LEDs, with Terbium and Yttrium in television screens)
Eutectic mixture: 5.5.1
Evans blue (CI: 23860)
Evaporating basin, Porcelain laboratory items: 1.23
Evening primrose oil
Exothermic reactions
EXP: can explode due to flame, shock or friction.
Experimental investigation: Topic 2.2
Experimental procedures, laboratory safety: 3.2.3
Expired air resuscitation (EAR) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, (CPR): 3.9.3
Explosive: 4.1
Explosive, Hazard classifications: 15.1.0
Explosions, Dust explosions: 15.1.1
Extraction, oil from peanuts, groundnuts: 10.12.1
Extremely toxic substances, Health effects of chemicals: 15.2.1
Eye, Serious eye damage / eye irritation: 5.2
Eye washing and safety shower: 3.3.3

F
FAA, (formalin, acetic acid, alcohol), biology fixative: 4.3
Fabrics in the home, natural and synthetic fabrics: 19.5.0
Face cream, Prepare face cream emulsion: 7.8.3.2
Fahrenheit, temperature, Fahrenheit scale, Celsius scale, Kelvin scale: 6.3.1.5
Faraday's first law: 15.1.1
Fast Green, FCF, (CI: 42053)
Fast Red, TR, (CI: 37085)
Fats
Fatty acids
Fehling's test, Fehling's reagent
Feldspars, -(AlSi₃O₈), (Potassium aluminium silicate, KAlSi₃O_8,for craft)
Fermentation
Fermium, Fm, Table of the elements
Ferrate compounds, (anion) Fe₃O₄^2-
Ferric compounds, Fe³⁺, Iron compounds, ferrous Fe²⁺, ferric Fe³⁺, ferrate (anion) Fe₃O₄^2-
Ferric ammonium sulfate (FAS), iron alum: 12.1.6
Ferric hydroxide colloid: 7.8.7.2
Ferrite is a mixed oxide, Fe₂O₃, and is not a conductor of electricity.
Ferrous compounds, Fe²⁺, Iron compounds, ferrous Fe²⁺, ferric Fe³⁺, ferrate (anion) Fe₃O₄^2-
Fertilizers: 6.9.17.0
Fibre glass resin, epoxy resin
Fibrous proteins and globular proteins, collagen: 16.3.6.0.1
Filament lamp, light bulb, Incandescent: 33.4.0
Fillers, synthetic detergents, (syndets): 12.12.03.5
Filter funnels: 1.5
Filter paper, Filtration, filtering, fold filter paper: See diagram 2.14
Filtration, separate with sedimentation and filtration: 10.11.0
Fire extinguisher
Fire safety: 3.5.0
Fireproof cloth: 3.5.11
Firming agents, food additive: 19.4.4.15
FIRST AID, poisons, Chemicals safety: 3.4.0
First law of thermodynamics, Chemical potential energy (enthalpy): 7.9.14.1
Fish oils: 19.2.1.12
Fish smell, trimethylamine, N(CH₃)₃: 19.2.21
Fisher projection formula: See diagram: 16.3.1.3a
Fixatives, Biology fixatives: 4.0
Fixed oils: 16.3.3.0.2
Fixing, Insect fixing fluids: 4.7
Fizzy drinks, solubility of acetic oxide carbon dioxide in water, acidity of soda water, fizzy drinks: 3.34.3
Fizzy drinks, solubility of gases and temperature, carbon dioxide: 7.7.0.2b
Flame retardants, Brominated flame retardants, (BFRs), 3.0.5
Flame tests to identify metals and their compounds: 12.11.3.2
Flame test of copper wire: 12.7.11
Flammable
Flashpoint: 7.9.23
Flasks, borosilicate glass flasks: 1.27
Flavones, flavonoids: 16.3.4.2
Flavourings, flavour enhancing agents, food additives: 19.4.4.16
Flaxseed oil, Composition of edible oils: 19.2.1.1.1
Flocculate, Clarify muddy water with filtration: 10.11.1 (See 2.)
Flocculent: 7.9.24
Flotation, separate heavy minerals by froth flotation: 10.8.0
Flour, plain flour and self-raising flour: 19.1.8.1
Flour, ("self-raising flour": flour + NaHCO₃ + phosphates), Prepare self-leavened flour: 19.1.8
Flour, treatment agents, food additives: 19.4.4.17
Flowers, distil essences from leaves and flowers: 10.5.4
Flowers of sulfur, sulfur, S
Flowers, prepare acid-base plant extract indicators: 5.6.10
Flubendazole
Fluid pressure, Static pressure, the pascal (Pa), statics of fluids: 12.1.0
Fluorescein: 16.3.5.4
Fluorescein solution: 1.5
Fluorescence, chemiluminescence, luminescence, phosphorescence: 7.2.2.33.1
Fluorescence: 7.9.25
Fluorescence microscopy
Fluorescent liquids: 16.3.5.0
Fluorescent whitening agents, synthetic detergents, (syndets): 12.12.03.3a
Fluorides
Fluorine
Fluorite, fluorspar, calcium fluoride, CaF₂
Fluoro, -F
Fluorourcil, 5-fluorourcil, Toxic by all routes, Not permitted in schools
Flux: 7.9.26
Foam colloid: 7.8.4.0
Foam, Polymer foam: 3.5.1
Foaming agents, synthetic detergents, (syndets): 12.12.03.3b
Folic acid, tetrahydro folate, pteroylglutamic acid, (synthesis of nucleic acid) (vitamin B complex)
Food
Fool's gold, Heat iron (II) sulfide, (FeS₂, pyrite, iron pyrites): 12.8.8
Fool's gold, pyrite, (iron sulfide): 35.20.32
Force, SI derived units: 6.3.3.0 (See 4. Force)
Force, Weight: 3.2.0.0
Force, (weight), experiments, (Primary): 6.3.04
Forgery, Detect a forgery: 10.2.2.4
Formaldehyde solution, formalin
Formic acid
Formica, Phenolics, phenol resins, phenol-formaldehyde resins: 3.8.10
Formula, Group formula: 7.9.30
Fraction, Petroleum fraction, petroleum gas: 16.1.12.1
Francium, Fr, Table of the elements
Free elements: Table 2
Free radicals: 19.2.1.9
Freezing, freezing point: 24.5.0
Freezing point depression and boiling point elevation: 24.1.04
Freons: 12.19.5.1
Froth flotation: 7.9.27
Fructose C₆H₁₂O₆, D(-), fructose, laevulose, fruit sugar, pure honey, (D form, but laevorotatory, hence "L-fructose").
Fructose, fructose D- 16.3.1.3
Fructose, Test glucose and fructose with Fehling's reagent: 9.140.1
Fuchsine acid, acid fuchsine, Andrade's acid fuchsin indicator: 7.1
Fuchsine basic, basic fuchsine, (CI: 42510), Toxic if ingested, Gram stain decolorizer solution: 3.11.2
Fuels, fuel cell
Fuller's earth, Al₂Mg(OH)₂[Si₄O₁₀](Ca,Na)_x.4H₂O: 35.22.4.5
Fumaric acid, trans-butanedioic acid, HCOOHC:CHCOOH
Fume cupboard, fume hood, fume cabinet: 16.11.10
Fume cupboards, fume chambers, fume hoods: 3.3.2
Fume cupboards, fume chambers, fume hoods, safety: 2.4
Functional groups: 2.0
Functional groups, organic chemistry: See diagram 16.0.0
Fungicides: 16.13.6.0
Fusion mixture, heat substances with charcoal and fusion mixture: 12.11.3.8

D-Glucose
D-Glucuronic acid
D-Glutamic acid
D-( -)-Fructose
D-(+)-Glucose
D-Tartaric acid
D-Xylose
D-Mannitol
D-Sorbitol
D-Serine
D-Tryptophan
D-Ribose

Decanoic acid, capric acid, CH₃(CH₂)₈COOH, white crystals, (in coconut oil, palm oil, mammal milk)

Decomposition reactions: 12.2.3.0
Electrolysis of water, decomposition of water, Hofmann voltameter: 15.5.4
Examples of decomposition reactions: 12.2.3.1
Substances that decompose when heated, but may be reformed: 8.4.0
Substances that may lose mass when heated: 8.3.0
Substances that lose mass when heated: 3.30.0

Detergents, SYNDET, Synthetic Detergents: 7.9.16
Detergents: 12.12.04
Detergents, washing up detergent, "Teepol", "Trix"
Detergent phosphates: 7.2.2.33.2
Detergents in place of soap solution: 12.13.8
Laundry detergents: 12.12.07
Machine dishwashing detergents: 12.12.08
Prepare an alcohol based detergent: 12.13.9
Temporary emulsions and permanent emulsions, kerosene: 7.8.3.3

Diamond
Table 2, (See: Carbon) Table of the elements
Allotropes, sulfur, carbon: 7.9.4.1
Breccia: 35.22.2
Chemical bonds: 3.01 (See 4. Network solids)
Diamond reflection, (Total internal reflection): 28.6.8
Elements, properties and chemical reactions: 7.2.2 (See 6. Group 0 elements)
Glass knife (ceramic impregnated with diamond dust)
Graphite, diamond, C: 35.23.2
Hardness, Mohs' scale of hardness: 35.10
Lustre (metallic lustre, non-metallic lustre): 35.6
Measure refractive index: 4.125 (See 3.)
Properties of non-metals: 7.3.2 (See 1.)

Dichloroacetic acid, dichloroethanoic acid, DCA, CHCl₂COOH, Toxic by all routes, Vapour irritates lungs
Dichloroacetic acid, Solution < 1%, Not hazardous

Dichlorobenzene, Reaction of chlorine with benzene, dichlorbenzene, C₄H₄Cl_2:13.4.6
1,2-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, Toxic, avoid inhalation of vapour
1,2-dichlorobenzene. Solution < 5% Not hazardous
1,4-dichlorobenzene, C₆H₄Cl₂, p-dichlorobenzene, paradichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzol, "dichlorobenzene", Toxic if ingested
1,4-dichlorobenzene, Solution < 25%, Not hazardous
1,4-dichlorobenzene, Melting point of 1,4-dichlorobenzene, C₆H₄Cl_2:7.4.2.1

Diesel fuel
Ammonium nitrate, diesel / ammonium nitrate mixtures, Not permitted in schools
Flammable substances, 3.5.7 (See 2.2)
Fractional distillation of crude oil: 16.1.12
Separate by fractional distillation: 10.6.0
Thermodynamics, isothermal change and adiabatic change: 20.4.0 (See 7.)

DDT, (in agriculture): 16.13.3.1
Aromatic halogen compounds, aryl halide, halogen arenes, e.g. benzyl chloride (C₆H₅COCl): 16.3.4.0.6
Chlorine, Cl₂: 13.4.0
Pediculosis, lice: 10.5.10

Diethyl ether, C₂H₅OC₂H₅, ethoxyethane, ethyl oxide, sulfuric ether, anaesthetic ether, Toxic by all routes, Not permitted in schools
Diethyl ether forms dense vapour that flows along bench or floor to point of ignition.
Diethyl ether, on standing diethyl ether forms diethyl peroxide, that is less volatile and remains an an explosive residue.

Dilution
Dilute acids with alkalis: 5.3.0.1
Dilute buffer solutions: 12.10.7.1
Dilution, Colour change of diluted potassium permanganate: 3.3.1
Series dilutions: 5.2.0

Displacement reactions, (substitution reactions): 12.2.4.0
Displace less reactive halogen from its compounds: 12.19.3.0
Iron displaces copper in copper sulfate solution: 12.2.4.1
Magnesium displaces copper from solution of copper ions: 3.72
Magnesium displaces hydrogen in ethanoic acid (acetic acid, CH₃COOH): 12.2.4.3
Measure heat from a displacement reaction, zinc in copper (II) sulfate solution: 14.1.6
Metals displace hydrogen from acids: 3.74
Prepare zinc sulfate crystals: 12.2.4.2
Zinc displaces lead from lead nitrate solution: 12.14.1

Dissolve, observe volume change when substances dissolve: 3.3.4
Dissolve, total dissolved solids, suspended solids in water: 18.2.0:

Distillation, prepare gas by destructive distillation of coal: 10.6.5
Separate by fractional distillation: 10.6.0
Separate by distillation: 10.5.0
Separate substances from mixtures: 3.18.0
Steam distillation of eucalyptus leaves, eucalyptol, (1,8-cineole), oil of cloves, eugenol: 10.5.6
Steam distillation to find water and fat content of food, toluene: 10.5.5

Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid. C₁₈H₃₀O₃S, nansa acid, Toxic if ingested

Double decomposition,
Precipitation reactions, Reactions of ions in solutions, double decomposition reactions, double exchange, metathesis: 12.2.1.0
Prepare insoluble hydroxides with ammonia solution by double decomposition: 3.33.2
Prepare soap by saponification: 12.12.02 (See 2.)
Reactions of ions in solutions, double decomposition reaction: 3.71

Double salt, aluminium potassium sulfate
Double salt, potassium sodium tartrate-4-water
Fehling's tests for aldehydes in solution, Rochelle salt: 16.3.7
Prepare copper (II) ammonium sulfate (NH4)₂SO₄.CuSO₄.6H₂O: 12.7.4
Prepare crystals of double salts: 3.54.01
Prepare iron (II) ammonium sulfate, (NH₄)₂SO₄.FeSO₄.6H₂O: 12.8.14
Prepare potash alum, Al₂(SO₄)₃.K₂(SO₄).24H₂O, from its constituent salts: 12.14.1

Dry cells
Cells and batteries: 33.3.0
Dry cell capacity: 33.4.0
Dry cell in an electric circuit: 33.4.1
Dry cell terminals: 33.4.4
Dry cell torch battery: 33.4.2
Dry cell, electric torch (flashlight) battery, Leclanche cell: 4.53
Electrical energy from chemical reactions: 3.84
Leclanche cell: 3.88

Dyes, reactive dyes, direct dyes, acid dyes, mordant dyes, metrolene dyes, dye intermediates, pigments
Dyes, Prepare plant dyes, (Primary): 3.30
Dyes with a mordant: 19.5.3
Dyes, solvent-based, aniline, diazo, naphthol, water-based, fabric, wool
Leuco dyes, Thermochromism, Colour Changing Ducks: See pdf
Pigments, separate pigments from green leaves with paper chromatography: 3.24
Pigment names, C.I. numbers: 8.0

EDTA, C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₈, (HOOC.CH₂)₂N(CH₂)₂N(CH₂.COOH)2, Irritant, Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid_:16.4.4
EDTA, C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₈, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
EDTA- disodium salt
EDTA- diammonium salt, EDTA- tetrasodium salt, EDTA- dipotassium salt, chelating agents
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, disodium ethylenediamine, disodium tetraacetic acid, EDTA, Toxic if ingested
Eriochrome black T, (metal indicator for the titration of calcium and magnesium ions with EDTA)
1,2-diaminoethane, C₂H₈N₂, C₂H₄(NH₂)₂, ethylenediamine, smells like ammonia, related to EDTA, Toxic by all routes, corrosive
1,2-diaminoethane, Solution < 1%, Not hazardous
Measure water hardness using EDTA titration: 12.13.12
Metals with ligands: 12.15.6
Mineral deficiency experiment, hydroponics, 9.9.18.5
Sequestrants, food additives: 19.4.4.6
Tests for metal ions in water: 12.13.11

Egg, chicken egg
Chicken project, (Agriculture, See 8.0 Egg production)
Egg shell, Calcium carbonate
Egg shell, Dilute acids with carbonates, common carbonates: 12.3.9.0 (See 1.)
Egg shell, Dilute tartaric acid with egg shell, soil, wood ash: 12.3.9.4
Egg shell, Egg in a bottle: 12.3.27
Egg shell, Egg in a candle flame: 8.1.2.4
Egg shell, Measure eggs: 9.15
Egg shell, Osmosis with an egg: 9.171
Egg shell, Secret writing inks, alum solution, K₂SO₄Al₂(SO₄)₃.2H₂O: 3.2.5.1 (See 2.)
Egg white, (albumen) and egg yolk: 19.2.10
Egg white, Colloidal nature of egg white: 9.172
Egg white, Fibrous proteins and globular proteins: 16.3.6.0.2 (See 3.)
Egg white, Jelly using fresh pineapple and tinned pineapple: 19.2.9.1
Egg white, Leavening agents: 19.1.6.0
Egg white, Meyer's albumen, adhesive to stick sections to microscope slides: 2.3
Egg white, Nitrogen in an organic compound, Kjeldahl method: 16.6.9
Egg white, Prepare acid-base plant extract indicators: 5.6.10 (See: 4.)
Egg white, Prepare protein solutions: 16.6.3
Egg yolk, Choline: 19.2.21a
Egg yolk, Egg in a cake mix: 19.2.10.2
Egg yolk, Astaxanthin, Carotenoid tetraterpenes: 16.3.5.1.10
Egg yolk, Colloids in food: 19.2.0.1
Egg yolk, Phospholipids, (phosphoglycerides): 16.3.3.0.1
Egg yolk, Salad dressing and mayonnaise emulsions: 19.2.12
Food, Colours, food additives: 19.4.4.13 (See E101, E161b, E375)
Food, Emulsifiers, food additives: 19.4.4.14 (See E322)
Food, Food allergies and intolerances: 19.4.2.2 (See 4.)
Household, Kitchen hints, avoid, clean, use: 19.4.2
Household, Microwave cooking: 19.3.5
Household, Stain removal: 19.4.2.1
Rotten egg gas, Acids with salts: 12.3.15 (See 5.)
Rotten egg gas, Float an egg in tap water and salt water: 4.206
Rotten egg gas, Heat iron with sulfur: 12.2.2.1
Rotten egg gas, Hydrogen sulfide, H₂S: 3.43.0
Rotten egg gas, Hydrogen sulfide, warning when treating residues: 3.1
Rotten egg gas, Permanent crease solution, hair straightening, permanent wave: 19.5.6
Spinning eggs, forces with a fresh egg and hard-boiled egg: 18.3.1.2.1

Electric and electrical
Electrical conductivity, Conductors of electricity: 15.59.0
Electrical conductivity of a substance: 15.4.0
Electrical energy from chemical reactions: 3.84
Electrical experiments equipment: 8.0.0
Electrical fires, safety: 3.5.6
Electrical outlets and equipment: 2.2
Electric current, ampere: 6.3.1.4
Electric polarity, test paper to determine electric polarity: 3.4.5
Electric writing: 3.4.4

Elements and compounds, descriptions of common elements: 7.2.2
Abundance of elements, Composition of the Earth's crust: 36.3.01
Abundance of elements, Composition of the Sun: 36.3.02
Assay value of precious metals 35.3.01
Elements combine with oxygen gas when heated in air: 8.2.0
Elements in foods: 3.98
Periodic table: Table 1
Pure substances and impure substances, elements and compounds: 7.2.0
Table of the elements: Table 2
Tests for elements with flame tests: 12.11.3.2

Emulsion: 7.8.3.0
Emulsifiers, food additives: 19.4.4.14
Emulsifying agents (for pesticides): 6.9.18.8:
Emulsions with a microscope: 7.8.3.1
Continuous phase / outer phase: 7.9.15
Prepare bean curd: 7.8.3.6
Prepare face cream emulsion: 7.8.3.2
Photographic emulsions, gelatine (gelatin)
Photography, Silver chloride precipitate in photography: 7.8.7.1
Salad dressing and mayonnaise emulsions: 19.2.12
Soap as an emulsifying agent: 7.8.3.4
Temporary emulsions and permanent emulsions, kerosene, detergent: 7.8.3.3
Yeast, fermentation, brewing, whisky, fish sauce: 19.2.11

Energy: 9.0.0
Chemical potential energy (enthalpy): 7.9.14.1
Chemiluminescence, bioluminescence 14.3.0
Electric power and electrical energy, electrical equivalent of heat: 33.5.0
Endothermic reactions, Prepare molar solutions: 5.1.1
Endothermic reactions take in heat energy: 14.2.0
Endothermic reactions take in heat energy: 3.81
Electrical energy from chemical reactions: 3.84
Energy conversion kJ, mJ, kWh, therm, Btu, calorie, horsepower: 3.13.0
Energy from chemical reactions: 3.80
Energy from peanuts, (Arachis hypogea): 9.161
Energy, Heat energy from respiration of peas: 9.156
Energy and Matter: See pdf
Energy of reactions, enthalpy, thermal capacity, heat of reaction, Hess's law: 14.01
Energy values of food, bomb calorimeter: 6.6.17
Exothermic reactions, give out heat energy: 3.80
Exothermic reactions, reactions that give out heat energy: 14.1.0
Rotational energy: 18.3.2
Units of work and energy, joule and calorie, kilowatt hour, kWh: 21.0.0

Enzyme: 7.9.19
Action of catalase using raw beef liver and hydrogen peroxide: 17.3.8
Bromelain enzyme from pineapples, Ananas: 17.4.3
Commercially available enzymes: 17.4.01
Diastase, zymase, use yeast: 19.2.11
Enzyme activity during germination: 6.3.6
Enzyme technology, industrial uses of pectinase: 4.2.10
Enzyme technology, pectinase in the industrial production of juice: 4.2.7.2
Enzyme technology, pectinase, amylase, protease, lipase, lactase: 4.2.7.1
Enzymes, Safety in school science: 2.1.8
Jelly using fresh pineapple and tinned pineapple: 19.2.9.1
Synthetic detergents, (syndets): 12.12.03.6
Tests for glucose, urine test: 19.1.20.4

Epoxy, epoxy resin
Epoxy resin, fibreglass: Adhesives, List of adhesives
Epoxy resin polymers, thermoset plastics, polymers: 3.4.3.1

Ethanal, C₂H₄O, acetaldehyde, ethyl aldehyde, acetic aldehyde, ethyl aldehyde, acetic aldehyde, Highly flammable
Acetaldehyde, ethanal, Toxic if ingested, Highly flammable
Acetaldehyde, Solution < 1%, Not hazardous
Ethanal tetramer, metaldehyde: Metaldehyde
Prepare ethanal (acetaldehyde), with potassium dichromate: 16.3.1
Prepare ethanal with potassium manganate (VII) [potassium permanganate, Condy's crystals]: 16.3.2
Tests for acetaldehyde, Tollens' test, silver mirror tests for aldehydes: 16.3.5

Ethane, (C₂H₆, CH₃.CH₃, H₃C.CH₃), prepare ethane: 16.1.1b
CFCs, chlorofluorocarbons, "Freons": 12.19.5.0
Ethane-1,2-diol, ethanediol, ethylene glycol, ethan-1,2-diol, C₂H₆O₂, most common antifreeze

Ethanoic acid, acetic acid, CH₃COOH, analytical reagent, Harmful, Corrosive
Vinegar (acetic acid), Prepare mayonnaise: 19.2.12
Glacial acetic acid, 17 M, 99%, 120 mL of concentrated solution for 1 litre of 2 M solution.
Glacial acetic acid, 99.5%, packing 25/225 kg in plastic drum
Acetic acid, > 13 M
Acetic acid, glacial > 80%
Acetic acid 2-13 M, 10-89%
Acetic acid < 2 M, < 10% solution, vinegar, Not hazardous
Ethanoic acid, acetic acid, ethanoic acid-2-water, (acetic acid) ionization reaction: 16.3.6.1.4
Ethanoic acid-2-water, glacial acetic acid fixative, pure acid called "glacial"
Ethanoic acid, acetic acid, dilute acids and metals, sulfuric acid and ethanoic acid: 12.3.2.1
Common ion effect, sodium ethanoate and ethanoic acid: 17.5.2
Dilute ethanoic acid with metals: 12.3.2.1
Heat of neutralization, ethanoic acid and NaOH solution: 14.1.5.1
Prepare ethanoic acid, (acetic acid), ionization reaction: 16.4.2
Prepare verdigris with copper and vinegar: 12.11.1
Tests for CH₃COO^- and (CO₃)^2-, 12.11.5.1
Tests for acetic acid in vinegar: 12.11.3
Vinegar, Action of bacteria on wine or cider (about 4% acetic acid, ethanoic acid), Prepare mayonnaise: 19.2.12
Vinegar, Decolorize vinegar: 12.11.2
Vinegar, Egg in a bottle, balloon in a flask, tie a knot in a bone: 12.3.27
Vinegar, Prepare plastic with milk casein: 3.100
Vinegar, Prepare vinegar with Acetobacter aceti: 4.2.6
Vinegar, Secret writing inks, vinegar, lemon juice, squeezed onion juice: 3.2.5.7

Ethanol, C₂H₅OH, 95% ethyl alcohol, Highly flammable, Harmful
Ethanol safety: 16.1.3.1a
Ethanol, ethyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, methyl carbinol, methyl carbinol, spirit vini meth, alcohol, grain alcohol, fermentation alcohol, fermentation ethanol
Ethanol, rectified spirit, (4.43% water, BP 78^oC), constant boiling mixture = 95.6% ethanol and 4.4% water, 95% rectified spirits
Absolute alcohol, pure ethanol fixative, 100% alcohol,
Alcohols, (alkanols), phenols, thiols, ethers, epoxy compounds, acetates (ethanoates), benzoyls, acetals: 16.1.3.0
Alcohol abuse, ethanol: 11.11.3
Alcohol (ethanol) absolute alcohol, biology solution: 1.2
Alcoholic fermentation for brewing, carbon dioxide and fermentation for brewing: 3.38
Alcohol burner, spirit burner, alcohol lamp, methylated spirit: 8.1.3.1
Boiling point of inflammable liquids, ethanol: 7.5.4.0
Boiling point of mixture of two liquids, water and alcohol: 7.5.3
Breath test after drinking alcohol, potassium dichromate: 15.2.11
Burn "bank notes", (Monopoly money, fake money), ethanol: 8.6.1
Degrees proof, proof spirit (alcohol concentration): 3.7.2
Methylated spirits
Phenols: 16.1.3.2
Prepare an alcohol-based detergent: 12.13.9
Separate mixture of ethanol and water: 10.6.1
Test organic acids and alcohols: 16.4.1.0
Thiols: 16.1.3.3
Whisky, yeast, fermentation, brewing: 19.2.11

Ethene, (ethylene), (C₂H₄, CH₂.CH₂, H₂C=CH₂), Highly flammable, asphyxiating gas, can cause anaesthesia
Acrylamide, 2-propenamide, ethylene carboxamide, acrylic amide, vinyl amide: 16.1.5.6.1
Breakdown of ethanol to ethene: 3.96
Cracking: 7.9.15.1
Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, EDTA, (HOOC.CH₂)₂N(CH₂)₂N(CH₂.COOH)_2:16.4.4
Ethylene bromide, Cassava project, Pests and diseases: 17 (See 9.)
Ethylene bromide, Granules: 6.9.18.9
Ethylene glycol, ethane-1,2-diol, melting point of ice and freezing point of water: 7.4.3.0
Ethylene glycol, sweetness, relative sweetness of some artificial sweeteners: 19.4.2.4
Ethylene glycol, vapour pressure of pure water and solution of a non-volatile solvent: 24.1.02
Ethylene inhibitor, Prepare preserving agents for cut flowers: 19.6.5
Ethylene, Pineapple project, Flowering and forcing: 6.0 (See 6.)
Ethephon, 2-chloroethyl-dioxido-oxophosphorane, C₂H₆ClO₃P
Prepare ethene, (ethylene) gas: 16.1.1.2.1
Stain removal: 19.4.2.1
Teflon, Polytetrafluoroetheylene, PTFE, tetrafluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethene, "Teflon": 3.7.32

Ethyne, acetylene, C₂H₂, CH.CH, HC=-CH), Highly flammable
Acetylene, (C₂H₂, CH=-CH), ethyne, Highly flammable
Acetylenes, (CnH_2n-2, triple carbon bonds, =-), alkynes
Acetylene, Pineapple project: Flowering and forcing: 6.0 (See 6.)
Acetylene black: 7.2.2.11
Alkynes, (C_nH_2n-2), acetylenes: 16.1.1.3
Ethanoic acid, (acetic acid), ionization reaction: 16.3.6.1.4
Prepare ethyne, (acetylene), gas: 16.1.1.3.1
Oxyacetylene welding, Tests for gases from burning hydrocarbons: 16.4.6

Ethyl
Ethyl acetate, ethyl ethanoate
Ethyl acetoacetonate, (ethyl 3-oxobutanoate): 16.5.1.1
Ethyl alcohol, ethanol
Ethyl ammonium chloride
Ethyl benzoate, Toxic if ingested, Flammable
Ethyl butanoate, ethyl butyrate, Highly flammable
Ethyl butyrate, prepare ethyl butyrate: 16.5.7
Ethyl carbamate, urethane, urethan, Toxic by all routes, (prepare polyurethane plastic), Blood flow in a fish: 9.217
Ethyl cellosolve, 2-ethoxyethanol
Ethyl chloride, C₂H₅Cl, chloroethane, Prepare ethyl chloride: 16.5.1
Ethyl cinnamate, 3-phenylpropenoate, Toxic, Flammable
Ethyl cyanoacrylate, Toxic by all routes, "Superglue", BE CAREFUL! Do not squirt in the eye: 16.2.4.7
Ethyl iodide, iodoethane, Toxic by all routes, Highly flammable
Ethyl formate, ethyl ethanoate, Toxic by all routes, Highly flammable
L-Ethyl lactate
Ethyl propionate, ethyl propanoate, Toxic by all routes, flammable
Ethylamine, Toxic if ingested, Irritant
Ethylamine, Solution < 20%, Not hazardous
Ethylene, ethene, (C₂H₄)
Ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminoethane, C₂H₄(NH₂)₂, ligand, chelating agent, Toxic by all routes, Corrosive
Ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminoethane, Solution < 1% Not hazardous
Ethylene dibromide, 1,2-dibromoethane, ethylene dibromide, Toxic by all routes, avoid inhalation
Ethylene dichloride, 1,2-dichloethane, Solution < 1%, Not hazardous
Ethylene glycol, ethane-1,2-diol, monoethylene glycol, MEG
Ethylene glycol, Solution < 25%, Not hazardous
(Diethylene glycol, C₄H₁₀O₃)
Ethylene oxide, oxiran, oxirane, Toxic by all routes, Not permitted in schools
Ethylene oxide (C₂H₄O + water --> ethylene glycol HOCH₂CH₂OH)
Ethyl ethanoate
Ethyl lactate
Ethyl propionate

Ethyl ethanoate, CH₃COOC₂H₅, ethyl acetate, acetic acid ethyl ester, ethanoic acid ethyl ester, Highly flammable, Toxic by all routes
Ethyl acetate, Prepare ethyl acetate 1: 16.5.2
Ethyl acetate, Prepare ethyl acetate 2: 16.5.8
Ethyl acetate, with sodium hydroxide, autocatalytic hydrolysis: 17.3.15

Fats and oils, animal fat, (tallow, suet, dripping, fat from beef cattle), (lard, fat from pig), soap made from animal fat and hydroxide
Fatty acids, ester of glycerol and 3-fatty acids, tricarboxylic acids: 16.3.3.0
Fats in animals and plants: 19.2.1.1
Fats in your food: 19.2.1.0
Burn carbohydrates, fats and proteins: 16.9.1
Classification of fats: 19.2.1.2
Cooking fats: 19.1.17
Digestibility of fats: 9.225
Heat fats: 19.2.1.5
Hydrogenation, cis - trans fatty acids: 19.2.1.3
Prepare soap from fats: 3.79
Prepare soap, household soap: 19.6.6
Prepare soap with animal fats: 12.12.1
Rancidity: 19.2.1.4
Steam distillation to find water and fat content of food, toluene: 10.5.5
Tests for fats and oils, paper test, Sudan (III) test, solubility test, osmic acid test: 9.137
Tests for proportion of fats in foods: 16.4.5
Tests for unsaturated fats, acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution test: 16.4.9.1
Tests for unsaturated fats, bromine water test: 16.4.7.1

Fatty acids, Carboxylic acids and fatty acids: 16.3.8.0
Fatty acids, carboxylic acids, fatty acids and their salts, carboxylic acids group, (-COOH), suffix -oic acid: 16.4.1.1
Fatty acids, esters, derivatives of fatty acids, (RCOOR'), esters group: (-COOR), suffix: -oate: 16.5.1.0
Fatty acids in coconut oil and other oils: 15.1
Fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids: 19.2.1.8

Fehling's test for reducing sugars, Fehling's solution A (No. 1), Fehling's B (No. 2.), Toxic if ingested, Benedict's solution is safer
Fehling's tests for aldehydes in solution: 16.3.7.0
Fehling's tests for starch: 9.142
Breakdown starch to sugars: 3.95
Hydrolysis of starch by dilute hydrochloric acid: 9.129
Hydrolysis of starch by salivary amylase, (ptyalin): 9.130
Hydrolysis of sucrose by dilute acids: 9.131
Prepare copper (I) oxide, CuO: 12.7.6
Tests for reducing sugars and aldehydes, tests for simple sugars, Fehling's test: 9.140

Fermentation
Fermentation processes in food production: 4.2.0
Fermentation using yeast: 17.4.2
Alcoholic fermentation, yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 6.6.18
Butyric acid fermentation (Cut potato): 6.6.19
Carbon dioxide and fermentation for brewing: 3.38
Safety in school science: 2.1.1
Safety in the microbiology laboratory: 2.4.0
Yeast, fermentation, brewing, whisky, fish sauce: 19.2.11

Fire extinguisher, dry chemical powder, paper, wood, textile, oil, liquid and electrical fires, 2.5 kg, 4.5 kg
Action in case of fire - equipment: 3.5.2
Aluminium sulfate
Fire extinguisher, soda acid fire extinguisher: 3.34.6
Fire extinguisher thrust: 16.6.1.3

Flammable: 7.9.22
FLAM: can readily burn or catch fire
Flammable, Hazard classifications: 15.1.0
Flammable aerosols: 4.3
Flammable gases: 3.5.9
Flammable gases: 4.2
Flammable liquids: 3.5.8
Flammable liquids: 4.6
Flammable organic chemicals: 15.7.0
Flammable organic chemicals with low flashpoints, below 32^oC: 15.8.0
Flammable solids: 4.7
Flammable substances, 3.5.7 (See 2.2)
Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases: 4.12

Fluorine, halogen
Fluorine, Table of the elements
Fluorine properties: 7.2.2.16
Fluorine chemical reactions: 12.19.7

Fluorides, (fluorido) F-, monodentate
Boron trifluoride, Highly toxic
Calcium fluoride, fluorite
Composition of the Earth's crust, abundance of elements: 35.3.0
Cryolite, Na₃AlF₆, sodium aluminium fluoride, for craft
Fluorspar, fluorite, (calcium fluoride): 35.20.14
Halogen compounds, haloalkanes (alkyl halides) halogen derivatives: 16.2.2
Potassium fluoride, KF, corrodes glass
Perfluorooctanoic acid: 16.3.8.5
Prepare hydrogen fluoride, HF: 12.19.7.1
Prepare silicon tetrafluoride, SiF_4:12.19.7.2
Sodium fluoride, Inorganic chemicals: 16.13.2.0, (See 5.)
SPADNS flouride reagent solution, 500 ml
Teeth and toothpaste, calcium hydroxyl apatite, calcium hydroxyapatite: 9.226

Food: 19.0.0
Acids in the home: 19.1.1.0
Body Mass Index (BMI): 9.228
Browning, Non-enzymatic browning, caramelization: 19.3.4.3
Browning, Non-enzymatic browning, the Maillard reaction: 19.3.4.4
Elements in food: 3.98
Energy values of food, bomb calorimeter: 6.6.17
Fermentation processes in food production: 4.2.0
Food allergies and intolerances: 19.4.2.2 (See 4.)
Food chains in the forest (Primary): 6.1
Food chains in the sea (Primary): 5.7
Food chemistry: Topic 19
Food, colours, food additives: 19.4.4.13 (See E101, E161b, E375)
Food colouring liquids and detergent: 19.2.14
Food gardens, School food gardens for tropical regions
Food, Emulsifiers, food additives: 19.4.4.14 (See E322)
Food tests: 9.3.11.0
Food used in plant respiration: 9.160
Glycemic index (GI) GI value and GI load: 4.2.11
Heat different foods: 9.128
Micro-organisms and food spoilage: 4.3.18
Microwave cooking: 19.3.5
Preserving food: 4.3.16
Sourdough, Prepare lactic acid in sourdough: 4.2.3
"Sphereification": 19.3.6
Tests for nitrogen compounds in food, soda lime test: 9.138
Three kinds of food, (Primary): 2.34

Formaldehyde, CH₂O, methanal, formalin, Toxic by all routes, Corrosive, (use < 2 mL only)
Formalin, 40% solution of formaldehyde in water, forms toxic fumes.
Formaldehyde with hydrochloric acid may form carcinogenic bis(chlorometyhyl) ether.
Formaldehyde, Solution < 1%, Not hazardous
Formaldehyde may contain 10-15% ethanol to prevent polymerization.
Formalin, paraform, methylene glycol, methyl aldehyde
Formalin, 40% solution of formaldehyde in water
Formalin, biology fixative: 4.4
Formal saline, (for marine animals), biology fixative: 4.5
FAA (formalin, acetic acid, alcohol), biology fixative, for plant material: 4.3
Formaldehyde, formalin, biology fixative, for animal material: 4.4
Formol-saline, biology fixative, for marine animals: 4.5
Urea-formaldehyde, Prepare urea-formaldehyde resin: 3.101
Urea-formaldehyde (urea-methanal) resin, thermoset plastic: 3.8.11

Formic acid, CH₂O₂, HCOOH, methanoic acid, Toxic by all routes, Corrosive, lung irritant
Formic acid, Solution < 2%, Not hazardous
Formic acid, Ionization reaction: 16.3.6.1.3
Formic acid (sodium salt)

Fuels, fuel cell
Recommended maximum quantity of fuel to be stored in a school
1. Oil and grease 40 L, clean oil contains irritants, used oil contains contaminants, use gloves and eye protection with grease
2. Petrol (gasoline) 20 L, highly flammable, 6 months shelf life, toxic fumes, irritates skin and eyes
3. Diesel 20 L, toxic fumes, irritates skin and eyes
4. Two-stroke petrol mix 10 L, toxic fumes, irritates skin and eyes
5. Kerosene, 5 L, toxic fumes, irritates skin and eyes

Calorific value of fuel: 4.38
Composition of the atmosphere and greenhouse gases: 3.32.1
Cracking: 7.9.15.1
Energy from a peanut: 9.161
Flammable: 7.9.22
Flashpoint: 7.9.23
Fossil fuels
Fuel cell: 7.9.28
Gases, heating values of gases
Ignition system, primary circuit: 32.5.5.1
Petroleum, petrol, "gas", gasoline, motor fuel: 16.1.12.3
Carbon dioxide: 3.34.1.1

Fumaric acid, HCOOHC:CHCOOH, trans-butanedioic acid, Toxic if ingested
Fumaric acid, Solution < 20%, Not hazardous