School Science Lessons
Chemistry index and minerals S
2012-05-19 SP
Please send comments to: J.Elfick@uq.edu.au
Table of contents
| 1,2,3 | A | B
| C | DEF | GH
| IJK | L | M
| N | O | P
| QR | S | T to Z |
Index, items S
Saccharin, sodium salt hydrate
Safety equipment
Safety, Laboratory safety, Topic 3
Safety main points, (Physics laboratory safety): 7.0.0
Safflower oil, Composition of edible oils: 19.2.1.1.1
Safranin, microscopy stain: 3.23
Safranin, 3,7-diamino-5-phenylphenazonium chloride
Safranin, safranine, safranin O, basic red 2: 16.3.5.8
Sagenite, mineral, TiO2
Sal ammoniac, ammonium chloride
Salicylcaldehyde, C7H6O2, bitter almond
smell
Salicyclic acid, C6H4(OH)COOH,
2-hydroxybenzoic acid, (Aspirin)
Saline solution, biology solution:
1.8
Saline tablets
Salinity: 18.2.5
Salol, phenyl salicyclate
"Salt", table salt, common
salt, cooking salt, household salt, rock salt, sodium chloride: 19.1.16
Salt bridge, Voltaic cell (Galvanic cell), Daniell cell: 33.3.2
Saltpetre, Chile saltpetre,
sodium nitrate
Saltpetre, potassium nitrate
Salts
Samarium, Sm, Table of these elements
Sand, sand purified, silicon dioxide
Sandstone: 35.22.1 (Geology)
Sanidine
(Feldspars, Group 1.)
Sapphire, Corundum, Al2O3 +, (ruby,
sapphire): 35.20.12.1 (Geology)
Saponify, Classification of fats: 19.2.1.2
Saponify, Drain cleaners: 12.12.10
Saponin, Harmful, irritant
Saran, polyvinylidene chloride, PVDC: 3.6.13
Saturated carboxylic acids: 16.3.8.1
Saturated vapour pressure over water: SVP
Sauerkraut, Prepare sauerkraut: 4.2.2
Scandium
Scarlet red, sudan IV
Scheele's green, copper arsenite
Scheelite, calcium tungstate, CaWO4
(Geology)
Schiff bases, C6H5CH:NC6H5,
benzylidine aniline and similar compounds
Schiff reagent, Schiff's reagent,
Schiff's test
School chalk, blackboard chalk, 3.71.5
Schulze's solution (chlor-zinc-iodine), microscopy stain: 3.24
Science, What makes an activity scientific?: Topic 2.1
Science activities, Why are ‘hands-on’ science activities so effective
for student learning?: Topic 2.
Science, maths and technology: Topic 1.
Science teaching facilities: 6.5.0
Scopolamine, hallucinogenic drugs: 11.11.9
Scoria, 35.2.4.1 (Geology)
Scott's blueing solution, biology solution: 1.9
Scouring powders: 12.12.09
Screened methyl orange, methyl
orange
Screw compressors: 1.10
Seaborgium, Sg, Table of these elements
Sealant, non-solvent sealant, Silicone, Harmful if ingested
Sealant, solvent-based sealant, e.g. Duraseal, Harmful if ingested, skin
irritant, do not inhale vapour
Seawater
Sebacic acid
Sebacoyl chloride
Second (time): 6.3.1.3
Secret writing inks, Prepare secret writing inks, invisible inks: 3.2.5.0
Sedimentary rocks: 35.22.0 (Geology)
Sedimentary rocks, Make sedimentary rocks (Primary): 4.33
Sedatives, Benzodiazepines (tranquillizers, hypnotics): 16.3.4.0.5b
Seed crystal, Prepare crystals from solutions: 3.54
Selenite, satin spar, CaSO4.2H2O, Gypsum, (calcium
sulfate) plaster of Paris: 35.22.6 (Geology)
Selenium
Self-heating substances and mixtures: 4.11
Self-leavened flour, Prepare self-leavened flour, "self-raising flour",
19.1.8
Self-reactive substances and mixtures 4.8
Semtex (trade name), powerful plastic explosive,
contains PETN (pentaerythritol
tetranitrate, C6H8N4O12) and
RDX (C6H8N4O12)
Senses: 9.6.1
Senses, The five senses (Primary): 1.15
Sensitizing substances, (Sensitizing by inhalation) (Sensitizing by skin
contact),
Health effects of chemicals: 15.2.6
Separate: 10.0.0
Separation of substances: 10.0.0
Sequester
Series dilution: 5.2.0
Serine, Table of the 20 α-amino acids: 16.3.6.1.2 (See 16.)
Serotonin, Indole group of alkaloids: 16.3.6.2.8
Serpentine, antigorite, Mg6Si4O10(OH)8:
35.21.6 (Geology)
Serum albumins
Sesame oil, Composition of edible oils: 19.2.1.1.1
Sets of apparatus: 2.7
Shale: 35.22.9 (Geology)
Shear-thickening, stir-thickening, dilatant fluids, rheopectic fluids:
13.6.0.4
Shear-thinning, stir-thinning, thixotropic: 13.6.0.3
Shear modulus, modulus of rigidity, G: 34.5.05
Shellac, solvent is highly flammable methylated spirits that may irritate
nasal surfaces. Toxic if ingested
Shellac from resinous excretions of Coccus lacca or Tachardia
lacca scale insects
Shellac, varnish, polish, sealing wax, French polish is solution in methylated
spirit, E904.
Shopping chemistry, food additives, EEC code numbers: 19.4.4
Shrinking mixture of liquids: 10.3.2
SI, International system of units: 6.3.0
Siderite, chalybite, spathose iron, FeCO3
Silica, SiO2, silica gel, silicon dioxide
Silicates, -(SiO4)
Silicic acid, silicon oxyacid, metasilicic acid H2SiO3
Silicon, Si, metalloid, fine particles toxic if
inhaled
Silicon compounds
Silicones
"Silly putty", silicone polymer to amuse children: 3.4.11
Siloxanes: 16.2.8.7
Silver
Silver compounds
Silver mirror tests for aldehydes, Tollens' test: 16.3.7.3
Sisomycin
Skeletal formula, alkanes: See diagram 16.1.1
Skin contamination: 3.4.5
Skin sensitizing substances, sensitizing by skin contact: 15.2.6
Slaked lime, calcium
hydroxide
Slate, (C + clay, mudstone, shales): 35.23.6
(Geology)
Slime ball, "Silly putty", silicone polymer to amuse children: 3.4.11
Smelling chemicals, chemical safety,
chemical vapours and smelling chemicals: 3.4.8
Smelling, Nose and smelling, taste, flavour: 9.5.3
Smelling salts, ammonium carbonate, Heat ammonium carbonate: 12.16.3.1
Smells, earth smells, rain smells and cut grass smells, geosmin: 16.3.4.1b
Smells, Perfumes and smells, (cosmetics): 19.7.1
Smithsonite, calamine, zinc spar, galmei, ZnCO3, (basic zinc
carbonate, ZnCO3.2ZnO.3H2O)
Smithsonite: 35.20.40 (Geology)
Soap
Soda, soda ash, soda lime
Sodium, Na, metal
Sodium compounds
Soften hard water by boiling: 12.13.6
Soil acidity: 6.9.17.2
Soils: 35.5.0
Soil-less culture solutions: 9.9.18.2
Solar panel, solar cell, silicon: 7.2.2.39.1
Solar ultraviolet radiation: 37.34
Soldering, solders, fluxes: 2.31.0
Solid acids, solubility, pH, add sodium carbonate, taste: 19.1.1
Solid, liquid and gas in a plastic drink bottle: 3.43 (Primary)
Solid, States of matter, solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), aqueous solution
(dissolved in water) (aq)
Sol, sols, starch solution, smoke:
7.8.7.0
Solubility and solutions: 3.9.0
Solute: 7.9.48
Solutions, Equipment and solutions: 6.2.0
Solvay process, Prepare sodium carbonate, Solvay process: 12.16.7
Solvent: 7.9.49
Sorbic acid, 2,4-hexadienoic acid, C6H8O2,
food preservative, originally from Sorbus aucuparia, rowan
Sorbitol, D-glucitol
Sorbose, L-sorbose
Sourdough, Prepare lactic acid with sourdough: 4.2.3
SOx, acid rain, formation of acid rain (SOx), by burning sulfur or sulfur
compounds: 12.6.0.1
Soya fatty acid
Soybean oil, Composition of edible oils: 19.2.1.1.1
Sparkler, Reactions of magnesium with carbon dioxide, sparkler experiment:
3.77
Spark plugs, pre-ignition: 32.5.5.5
Spatulas: 1.11
Specific gravity, Relative density, r.d.: 11.3.0 (Physics)
Specific gravity (relative density) concentrations: 5.1.12
Specific heat capacity: 22.5.0
Speculum metal, alloy of brass or copper with tin, polished to make telescope
reflective surfaces or mirrors
Speed (Velocity): 6.3.03
"Speed" and "base", abuse of volatile substances: 11.11.4.1
Spessartite, manganese aluminium silicate, Mn3Al2[SiO4)3,
garnet: 35.3.3.3 (Geology)
Sphalerite, zinc sulfide, zinc blende, mock ore, mock lead, black jack,
ZnS: 35.20.41 (Geology)
"Sphereification": 19.3.6
Spills, Chemical spill kit: 3.4.12
Spinel, Al2MgO4
Spirit burner, alcohol lamp (Primary): 2.20
Spirit burner, methylated spirit burner, alcohol burner, alcohol lamp:
8.1.3.1
Spirits of salts, spiritus salis, hydrochloric acid
Spontaneous: 7.9.50
Spontaneous combustion, sugar and potassium chlorate: 17.3.4
Spoon volume: 3.5.1
Spotting tile, Porcelain laboratory items: 1.23
Stabilizers and thickeners: 19.1.0.2
Stabilizers, thickeners, food additives: 19.4.4.26
Staining techniques, microscopes, care, use, staining techniques: 2.22.0
Stain removal: 19.4.2.1
Stalactites and stalagmites, calcite: 35.19.0
(Geology)
Standard buffer solutions: 5.0
Standard
electrode potential
Standard solution, Prepare stock solutions, standard solutions: 5.3.0
Standard temperature and pressure, STP, standard atmosphere: 20.0.6
Stannic chloride, tin
(IV) chloride
Stannous chloride, tin
(II) chloride, Harmful if ingested
Starch
State at s.t.p
States of matter, Aqueous solutions, states of matter: 7.9.6.2
Stearic acid, C18H36O2, CH3(CH2)16COOH,
powder, octadecanoic acid, m.p. 68oC to 69.5oC, (in
fats)
Steam distillation to find water and fat content of food: 10.5.5
Stearine, fatty acids C16-C18, animal fats most, vegetable oils least,
(in food products and cosmetics)
Stearyl alcohol, octadecan-1-ol,
octadecanol
Steel, cast iron alloy, steel: 5.5.12
Steel, Iron properties: 7.2.2.21
Steel wool, steel (low in carbon), steel (low
in tungsten), steel alloys
Stelvin capsule (replaces cork to seal wine bottles), ("cork" taint of
wine, "corky" wine, 2,4,6-TCA)
Stelvin capsule: 3.29
Steroidal group of alkaloids: 16.3.6.2.10
Steroids, sterols, steroid alcohols: 16.3.5.3
Stevia
Stibnite, antimonite, antimony glance,
grey antimony, Sb2S3 (Geology)
Stilbite, lamellar zeolite, hydrated
sodium calcium aluminium silicate, Ca(Al2Si7O18).6H2O
(Geology)
Stirring rods, watch glass: 1.24
Stock control, (in science laboratory): 2.9
Stock materials and apparatus, (in science laboratory): 2.6
Stones, Limestone, stone dust and carving stones: 35.22.7 (Geology)
Stoppers, rubber stoppers: 1.8
Storing chemicals: 3.4.13
Storm glass, Crystals of different salts: 12.10.1.0
STP, Pressure definitions: 12.1.01
STP, standard temperature and pressure, standard atmosphere: 20.0.6
Streptomycin sulfate
Strontianite, strontium carbonate, SrCO3
Strontium, Sr, alkaline earth metal
Strontium compounds
Structural forms of proteins: 16.3.6.0.1
Struvite mineral, ammonium magnesium phosphate, [(NH4)MgPO4.6H2O]
Styrenes: 3.8.2
Styrofoam
Sublimation, iodine, camphor and naphthalene, thermal decomposition:
3.30.12
Substances
Substitution reactions, displacement reactions: 12.2.4.0
Substitution reactions (organic chemistry): 16.1.02
Substrate: 7.9.51
Succinic acid, C4H6O4,
butenedioic acid
Sucralose, C12H19Cl3O8, trichlorogalactosucrose, E 955, Relative sweetness
650, "Splenda", "No Calorie Sweetener"
Sucrose, C12H22O11,
D-Sucrose
Sudan III
Sudan IV, scarlet red, (C.I. Solvent Red 24), (stains fats and oils),
Harmful if ingested
Sudan black B
Suds, height of suds, hydrogen peroxide and manganese (IV), oxide: 17.1.5
Suffix, Prefixes and suffixes: 9.0
Sugar soap, (in some countries, alkaline, grease-removing or paint-removing
cleaner, looks like sugar, variable contents)
Sugars
Sugaring mixture, insect fixing fluid: 4.14
Surfactants
Sulfamic acid, NH2.SO2OH
Sulfanilamide,
p-aminobenzenesulfonamide, Toxic if ingested, liver toxin
Sulfanilic acid
Sulfates
Sulfides
Sulfites
Sulfonamides, sulfa drugs: 9.4.0
Sulfonation: 16.11.16
Sulfonic acids
Sulfonium compounds: R3S+, e.g. trimethylsulfonium
chloride [(CH3)3S]+Cl-: 16.2.8.4
Sulfosalicyclic acid
Sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfoxide, (DMSO (CH3)2SO),
(C2H6OS): 16.2.8.6
Sulfur, S, bright yellow powder, roll sulfur, brimstone,
flowers of sulfur, sublimed sulfur, (rhombic and monoclinic forms)
Sulfur compounds
Sulfur dioxide, SO2, Toxic, Corrosive, severe respiratory irritant
Sulfur experiments: 12.18.0
Sulfur dichloride
Sulfur dichloride oxide,
thionyl chloride, SOCl2
Sulfur dioxide, SO2, Toxic, Corrosive,
severe respiratory irritant
Sulfuric acid
Sulfur monochloride, prepare sulfur monochloride, S2Cl2:
12.18.3.1
Sulfurous acid, H2SO3, 6% SO2 solution
in water, clear, colourless solution, penetrating SO2 odour,
oxidizes in air to sulfuric acid.
Sulfurous acid as a reducing agent, ionization reaction: 15.2.15
Sulfur trioxide
Sunstone, (Feldspars), Ca(Al2Si3O3)Na(AlSi3O8)
(See: Feldspars include the following: 6. Sunstones)
Sunscreens and sun-protective clothing: 19.7.4
Super ball: 3.4.04
Superglue, cyanocrylates: 16.2.4.7
Superphosphate, mixture of monobasic and dibasic calcium phosphate and
calcium sulfate: 12.14.5
Superphosphate, Straight fertilizers and mixed fertilizers: 6.9.17.0
Supervision of students, laboratory safety: 3.2.1
Surface / volume ratio of soil particles: 6.6.3
Surface acting agents: 6.9.18.7
Surfactant: 7.9.52
Surfactants, synthetic detergents, (syndets): 12.12.03
Sulfaguanidine
Surgical spirit, rubbing alcohol: 16.5.10
Suspension of particles, clay soil suspension: 3.58
Suspensions and precipitates: 7.6.0
SVP, saturated vapour pressure over water
Sweeteners, artificial sweeteners: 16.7.16
Sweeteners, phenylalanine and aspartame: 19.4 2 5
Sweetness, relative sweetness of some artificial sweeteners: 19.4.2.4
Swimming pool, checklist of daily routine for the pool operator: 3.9.1
Swimming pool, chemistry: 18.7.0
Swimming pool, pool test ranges: 3.9.2
Sylvite, potassium chloride, KCl
Symbols, chemical symbols: Table
2, Table of the elements
SYNDET, Synthetic Detergents
Synergism: 7.9.53
Synthesis reactions, (combination
reactions): 12.2.2.0
Synthetic detergents, soaps and synthetic detergents, (syndets): 12.12.0
Synthetic fibres, polymers, plastics: 2.0.0
Synthetic fibres, Tests for plastics, natural fibres and synthetic fibres:
3.102
Synthetic food colours approved for use in Australia: 19.4.4.1
Syrup, solubility of sucrose (cane sugar), syrup: 7.7.9
Safety equipment
Safety face shield (chemical, anti-splash face shield)
Safety glasses, safety goggles, (polycarbonate lens glasses)
Safety gloves rubber, rubber safety gloves, (small/medium/large rubber
gloves), (rubber, caoutchouc)
Eye-wash bottle, eye-wash cup
First Aid kit, portable First Aid kit
Safety apron, PVC, (resists strong acids)
Salts, acid salt,
sodium chloride, "table salt": 12.10.0
Alkalis and salts, sodium hydroxide with copper salts: 12.7.4
Bath cleaning, borax: 19.6.4
Boiling point of sodium chloride solution: 3.5.1
Crystals of different salts: 12.10.1.0
Electrical conductivity of liquids: 15.59.4
Grow salt crystals from seawater: 3.54.1
Hydrolysis of salts, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride:
12.10.3
Organic salts, sodium ethanoate, (sodium acetate), ammonium acetate: 16.1.5.3
pH of salt solutions: 12.10.4
Prepare fruit salts, health salts: 19.2.13
Prepare salts by different methods: 12.10.2
Prepare salt solutions: 8.0
Prepare reagents, dissolve in 1 litre of distilled water: 10.0
Reactions of salts with water: 3.75
Saline solution, biology solution: 1.8
Salt bridge, Voltaic cell with salt bridge: 3.84.5
Salt effect on buffer solutions: 12.10.7.4
Salt solutions with another salt: 12.10.2.6
Salting, Meat treatments, marinades, salting meat, marbled beef: 19.3.4.6
Salts, Decomposition of hydrous salts: 3.30.8
Salts, Reactions of salts: 12.10.10
Salts with clay suspensions: 7.6.2
Separate salt and sand mixture: 10.01.7
Sodium chloride "table salt": 12.10.0
Soil salts, soil minerals in solution, (plant foods): 6.20
Solubility test, prepare a solution for group analysis: 12.11.3.3
Stain removal: 19.4.2.1
Table salt and rock salt: 19.1.16
Tests for an unknown substance, qualitative analysis: 12.11.3.0
Scandium, Sc, Table of these elements
Scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate
Scandium, Coelestine, SrSO4
Seawater, Cations and anions
in rain, rivers and seawater: 18.2.7
Seawater, Chlorides in groundwater: 18.2.2.1
Seawater, Distil seawater: 10.5.3
Seawater, Prepare seawater crystals, composition of seawater: 3.54.1
Seawater substitute, Dissolve in 2 litres of water: 45.0 g NaCl,
3.5 g MgSO4, 5.0 g MgCl2, 2.0 g K2SO4
Sebacoyl chloride,
ClOC(CH2)8COCl, decanedioyl dichloride, (COR 1760),
Toxic by all routes, skin irritant
Sebacoyl chloride with water forms hydrogen chloride gas, toxic.
Sebacoyl chloride, Toxicity, Poisons and First Aid: 3.10.0 (See: Sebacoyl chloride)
Sebacoyl chloride, Prepare nylon polymerr, (1, 6-diaminohexane): 3.4.7
Selenium, Se, powder, AAS
solution
Selenium, Se, Table of the elements
Selenium, powder, Highly toxic by all routes, do not inhale, do not touch
fine particles
Selenium, (exhibition specimen in sealed container), Use fume cupboard
or small quantity in well-ventilated area
Selenium, essential trace element, with vitamin E an antioxidant,
nutrient of nervous system, food supplement grow yeast on selenium.
Selenium properties: 7.2.2.38
Selenious acid
Selenium dioxide, Highly toxic by all routes, slightly volatile, avoid
inhaling fine particles, to avoid toxic vapour do not heat
Selenium dioxide with water forms selenious acid
Selenium sulfide, in dandruff medicines
Sequester: 7.9.47
Sequestering agent, EDTA: 16.4.4
Sequestrants: 19.1.0.1
Sequestrants, food additives: 19.4.4.6
Silica, SiO2, silicon dioxide,
silicon (IV), oxide, cristobalite, flint, obsidian, opal, quartz, quartz
sand
Prepare silica gel: 7.8.5.1
Quartz, silica, SiO2: 35.14.0
(Geology)
Quartzite, SiO2: 35.23.5
(Geology)
Sandstone: 35.22.1 (Geology)
Silica, acid washed, silica gel (orange) self indicating, silica gel
desiccant, can be regenerated by heating to 110oC overnight
Silica, Heat silica sand, SiO2: 3.30.13
Silica, silica gel beads, silica gel self-indicating, (contains cobalt
(II) chloride),
Silica, 3-6 mm, silicon fused, Kiesel gel, grade C,
Silica, (hydrated silica
gel)
(Siliceous: contains silica, silicated: combined with silica, silication
: rock or mineral replaced by silica)
Silicates, salt or ester
of silicic acid, Order online:
Crystal tree
Silicates group, polysilicates, polysilicon: 35.14.1 (Geology)
Silicates, Oxides, acidic, basic, amphoteric, neutral and mixed oxides:
12.17.0
Borosilicate glass, Pyrex: 7.9.10
Chalcedony, SiO2: 35.14.4 (Geology)
Jadeite (in Hornblende): 35.17.0
Jasper, (in Quartz), SiO2: 35.14.0
Kaolinite, kaolin-type clays, Al4[(OH)8Si4O10]:
35.20.21.1 (Geology)
Kyanite, disthene, Al2(OSiO4): 35.20.21.2 (Geology)
Opals, SiO2.nH2O: 35.14.2
Prepare silicate gardens: 7.2.5
Rhodonite, manganese silicate, (Mn,Ca)SiO3: 35.20.36 (Geology)
Silicon, Si, lumps, AAS solution, Silicon oil 200
Fluid 350 CS
Silicon, Si, Table of the elements
Order online: Silicon, metallurgical
grade
Silicon chemical reactions: 12.15.0
Silicon powder, lump, granules, burns in air if ignited, violently combustible
with oxidizing agents
Silicon properties: 7.2.2.39
Silicon compounds,
glass, lump, (powder)
Silicon alkoxides, silica aerogel, Aerogel: See pdf
Silicon carbide, SiC, carborundum, abrasive, emery paper, sanding paper,
sharpening stone, fine particles toxic by inhalation
Silicon dioxide, silica, silica dust, silica gel, sand, quartz, fine particles
toxic by inhalation, causing silicosis lung disease
Silicon dioxide, SiO2, tridymite mineral
Silicon dioxide, Opal, SiO2.nH2O
Silicon dioxide, glassy opal, SiO2.H2O, Hyalite
mineral
Silicon compounds, glass: 7.2.3
Silicon tetraacetate, C8H12O8Si, off-white
crystalline, sol-gel reactions, rapid gel reaction
Silicon tetrachloride, SiCl4,
Highly toxic by all routes, irritating fumes, reacts vigorously with sodium
and other reactive metals
Silicon tetrachloride with water forms hydrogen chloride and silica, stoppers
may stick and bottles explode so use small containers
Prepare silica and silicon, SiO2, Si: 12.15.1
Prepare silicon glass in a furnace: 7.2.4.1
Prepare silicon glass: 7.2.4
Quartzite, SiO2: 35.23.5
(Geology)
Separate sand and lead powder by panning: 10.8.1
Separate a sand and salt mixture: 10.3.1
Solar panel, CSP and CPV: 7.2.2.39.1
Zeolite: 35.20.49 (Geology)
Silicones, polymeric unbranched
siloxanes, Formula: (-OSiR2-)n, (R not equal to H)
Silicones, plastics, silicone grease, Harmful if ingested: 3.8.1
Silicone grease, (For burettes, use Vaseline not silicone grease, because it is difficult
to remove.)
Silicone, "Silly Putty", polyborosiloxane,
bouncing putty, (Dow Corning 3179 dilatant compound),
Silicone, "Tricky Putty": 7.2.6
Silicone, Prepare slime balls, "Silly Putty", polymer to amuse children:
3.4.11
Silicone rubbers, PVMQ: 7.2.7
Silver, Ag, metal, sheet 30 SWG, strip, sheet, wire,
fumes and dust are a heavy metal hazard
Recycle silver: 12.16.2
Clean tarnished silver: 15.3.16
Group 1 tests for Ag+, Pb2+: 12.11.4.1
Silver, Ag, Table of the elements
Silver, natural silver, Ag: 35.20.39
(Geology)
Silver properties: 7.2.2.40
Silver chemical reactions: 12.16.0
Silver toxicity: 3.6.13
Silver: 35.20.39 (Geology)
Silver mirror tests for aldehydes, Tollens' test: 16.3.7.3
Silver plating of copper or nickel, electroplating: 15.1.5
Silver residues: 3.6
Silvering and desilvering, plating and deplating silver: 15.1.9
Tests for silver, potassium chromate test, rhodanine test: 12.11.3.10.19
Silver compounds
Argentic, Ag (II) compounds
Argentite mineral, silver glance, Ag2S
Argentous, Ag (I) compounds
Silver acetate, AgC2H3O2, hydrates,
silver ethanoate, Toxic if ingested, stains skin
black, corrosive to skin and eyes
Silver acetate, (use to test for cations)
Silver bromide Ag Br, silver (I) bromide, Ag Br, yellow solid, dissolves
in concentrated ammonia solution, (photography emulsions)
Silver chloride
Silver fluoride: [silver (I) fluoride, (silver monofluoride), AgF], [silver
(II) fluoride, (silver difluoride), AgF2], [disilver fluoride,
Ag2F]
Silver fulminate, AgCNO, contact explosion, extremely sensitive so useless,
except tiny amounts in children's noise-making toys
Silver hexafluorophosphate, AgPF6, corrosive white-grey powder,
chemical agent
Silver iodate, AgIO3, insoluble white crystals
Silver iodide
Silver lactate, AgC2H3O2, photosensitive
white crystals, horrible metallic taste, Harmful if ingested, corrosive
to skin
Silver nitrate
Silver nitride, Ag3N, contact explosive unstable, occasionally
unwelcome occurrence in silver experiments
Silver perchlorate, AgClO4, (perchlorates can be unstable!)
Silver residues: 3.6
Silver sulfate, Ag2SO4, used in silver plating, Harmful by
inhalation and if swallowed, dust irritates eyes and skin
Silver sulfate, Soluble in hot water, ammonium hydroxide, nitric acid,
sulfuric acid.
Silver tetrafluoroborate, AgBF4, white soluble solid
Silver trifluoromethanesulphonate, silver triflate, CAgF3O3S
Reactions of silver compounds, Ag: 12.16.1
Reactions of silver halides, photography: 12.19.4.0
Recover silver from silver chloride, AgCl2: 12.19.8.6
Silver chloride, silver
(I) chloride, AgCl, white solid, horn silver, dissolves in ammonia solution
Silver chloride,(photography emulsions,
pottery glaze), expensive!
Silver chloride, kerargyrite,
cerargyrite, occurs in silver veins
Silver chloride precipitate in photography: 7.8.7.1
Compare the chloride, bromide and iodide of silver, AgCl, AgBr, AgI: 12.19.6.4
Silver iodide, silver
(I) iodide, AgI, does not dissolve in ammonia solution, yellow solid
Silver iodide crystals similar to ice, so used in cloud seeding
Ionic solid silver iodide, AgI, is insoluble in water.
Cloud seeding, rain making: 37.37.4
Collodion
Compare silver chloride, silver bromide and silver iodide: 12.19.6.4
Tests for iodides: 12.11.5.12
Silver nitrate, AgNO3,
Toxic if ingested, stains skin and clothing black, corrosive to skin and
eyes
Silver (I) nitrate, silver nitrate pure (costs 25 GBP in UK), silver nitrate
0.1 M, solution 2% W / V
Silver mirror tests for aldehydes, Tollens' tests for acetaldehydes:
16.3.7.3
Silver nitrate chemical changes in photography: 7.8.7.0
Silver nitrate, For 0.1 M soln., 17 g in 1 L water or dissolve 10 g of
silver nitrate in 100 mL of deionized water.
Electrolysis of silver nitrate, with overhead projector or microscope:
15.5.22
Prepare preserving agents for cut flowers: 19.6.5
Soap
Soap, white Castile soap powder
Soap solution, Clarke's soap solution
Soap solution, Wanklyn's soap solution
Bubbles in water and aqueous solutions: 19.1.2
Hydrolysis of esters: 16.5.4
Make soap suds with hard water and soft water: 12.13.14
Prepare soap: 12.12.1
Soap as emulsifying agent: 7.8.3.4
Soaps, bleaches, disinfectants, deodorizers: 12.12.11
Soaps and synthetic detergents: 12.12.0
Tests for hardness in water with standard soap solution: 12.13.10
Tests on household soap: 12.9.2
Solder: Soft Pb and Sn alloys,
resin-cored solder, wire form, (Soldering flux, soldering resin).
Low melting point alloys: 5.5.4
Eutectic mixture: 5.5.1
Soldering, solders, fluxes, methods: 2.31.0
Weight of tin in solder: 17.6.6
Starch
Amylase: 7.1.2
Breakdown starch during germination: 9.112
Breakdown starch to sugar: 17.4.1
Breakdown starch to sugars, hydrolysis of starch, iodine test, Fehling's
test: 16.10.1
Breakdown starch to sugars: 3.95
Cornstarch, cornflour slime, isotropy
and thixotropy: 13.6.1
Food allergies and intolerances (See
6. Starches): 19.4.2.2
Germination and water: 9.120
Heat different foods (See 9.): 9.128
Heat starch: 12.7.12
Heat starch, glycemic index: 19.2.15
Laundry starch: 19.2.22
Mashed potato, pommes purée, (starch granules): 19.3.3.1
Prepare glucose with starch: 12.7.15
Prepare starch solution, 1%: 5.4.11
Prepare starch solution: 3.95.01
Polysaccharides: 16.3.1.4.3
Starch, (C6H10O5)n, starch
maize, starch potato, soluble starch, starch solution 2% W / V
Starch, amylum, glycogen: 16.3.1.5
Starch nutrient agar medium: 9.1.2.19a
Starch with water: 12.7.13
Starchy root crops: 6.9.6.4
Starch solution: 5.4.11
Starches, amylum, glycogen: 16.3.1.5
Test adhesive paste for starch: 12.7.14
Tests for dextrins in toast: 19.3.4.1
Tests for glucose and starch with "Testape": 9.182
Test starch with Fehling's reagent: 9.140.3
Tests
for starch, Fehling's tests for starch: 9.142
Tests for starch, iodine tests for starch: 9.132
Tests for starch, Iodine with starch: 12.19.6.10
Secret writing inks, starch, cornstarch
suspension: 3.2.5.4
Wheat starch and gluten: 19.2.22.1
Stearic acid, powder,
C18H36O2, CH3(CH2),16COOH,
octadecanoic acid, E570 fatty acids, (anti-caking agent, soaps, waxes)
Electrical conductivity of melted solids, fused solids: 15.59.3
Fats in your food: 19.2.1.0
Measure the size of the stearic acid molecule: 3.3.3
Melting point and cooling curve of stearic acid: 7.4.1
Melting point of naphthalene using a capillary tube 3.3
Oleic acid, linoleic acid, (cis and trans): See diagram 19.2.1
Prepare crystals from a melt: 3.54.2
Prepare household soap: 19.6.6
Size of the stearic acid molecule: 3.3.3
Soap, Stearic acid with basic solutions forms soaps.
Steel wool, iron
Burn steel wool in chlorine: 13.4.8
Burn steel wool in oxygen, burn iron filings: 13.3.3
Conservation of mass with burning steel wool: 12.1.2
Heat formed by rusting of steel wool: 14.1.4
Rate of rusting with steel wool: 15.3.11
Rusting of steel wool: 15.3.3
Strontium, Sr,
AAS solution, Toxic if ingested, surface layer corrosive to skin and eyes
Strontium, Sr, Table of the elements
Strontium with water forms hydrogen gas that may explode if mixed with
air.
Strontium, do not mix with sulfur or phosphorus because of dangerous
exothermic reaction.
Strontium properties: 7.2.2.42
Tests for strontium, crimson flame test, rhodizonic acid test: 12.11.3.10.21
Strontium compounds
Strontium carbonate, SrCO3, in strontianite mineral, Harmful
if ingested, skin irritant
Strontium (II) chloride, SrCl2,
strontium dichloride, (detected with flame test), Harmful if ingested
Strontium chloride hexahydrate, SrCl2.6H2O, For
0.1 M soln., 26.7 g in 1 L water
Strontium chloride (powder)
Strontium fluoride
Strontium hydroxide, Harmful if ingested, skin irritant, corrosive
Strontium nitrate, AAS Solution, Harmful
if ingested, explosive mixtures with combustibles of organic compounds
Strontium toxicity: 3.6.15
Strontium sulfate, SrSO4, celestine
Reactions of strontium compounds: 12.17.1
Styrene, plastics, C8H8,
monomer (C6H5CH:CH2)], phenylethene,
Toxic
by all routes, do not inhale fumes, skin irritant
Styrenes: 3.8.2
Prepare expanded polystyrene beads with propanone: 3.4.4.1
Styrene, Mixture < 12.5 %, Not hazardous, do not ingest, use fume cupboard
or well-ventilated area
Styrofoam: 3.7.29
Substances
Classify substances, pure substances, mixtures, solutions: 7.2.1
Pure substances and impure substances, elements and compounds: 7.2.0
Separate pure substances: 10.01
Substances, decompose and lose mass when heated, thermal decomposition:
3.30.0
Substances, gain mass when heated, copper foil, magnesium ribbon: 3.28.1
Substances, Low-cost chemicals and common substances: 15.0.4
Tests for: All substances
Sucrose, cane sugar
Sugars: 16.3.1.1a
Blood constituents: 9.214
Breakdown starch to sugar: 17.4.1
Breakdown starch to sugars: 3.95
Breakdown starch to sugars, hydrolysis of starch, iodine test, Fehling's
test: 16.10.1
Cellophane as a semipermeable membrane: 9.165
Children with diarrhoea, ORS special drink: 9.229
Colloids, diffusion, semipermeable membrane, dialysis: 9.12.0
Digestion in the mouth, reaction of the enzyme ptyalin, salivary amylase:
9.220
Ferment sugar with yeast: 12.7.20
Glycerine with sugar: 12.7.7
Prepare glucose with sugar: 12.7.18
Prepare sugar crystals from sugar cane juice: 3.1.10.1
Sugar with potassium chlorate, spontaneous combustion: 17.3.4
Fehling's tests for simple sugars, reducing sugars: 9.140
Heat sucrose: 12.7.16
"Magnetic" sugar cube dissolves: 3.17.1
Non-enzymatic browning, caramelization: 19.3.4.2
Osmosis with dialysis tubing: 9.174
Osmosis with honey on bread: 9.171.1
Prepare refined white sugar from brown sugar: 10.1.3
Prepare sugar crystals from brown sugar: 3.1.10
Prepare sucrose crystals from sugar cane juice: 3.1.10.1
Raoult's law: 24.1.03
Reducing sugars and nonreducing sugars: 16.3.7.1
Secret writing inks, invisible writing ink, cane sugar, sucrose solution:
3.2.5.3
Solubility, sucrose, (cane sugar), syrup: 7.7.9
Sucrose, cane sugar, prepare secret writing ink with sucrose: 3.2.5
Sugar with potassium chlorate, spontaneous combustion: 17.3.4
Sucrose with borax: 12.7.19
Sucrose with sodium hydrogen sulfate, NaHSO4, (sodium bisulfate): 12.7.17
Sulfuric acid dehydrates sucrose, (cane sugar): 12.6.3
Sweeteners, phenylalanine and aspartame: 19.4 2 5
Sweetness, relative sweetness of some artificial sweeteners: 19.4.2.4
Tests for sugars: 6.5.12
Tests for starch, breakdown to sugars, hydrolysis of starch, iodine test,
Fehling's test: 16.10.1
Sudan III, Sudan III solution
alcoholic, (C.I. 261000, C.I. Solvent Red 23),
(tests for fats, oils, waxes),
Harmful if ingested
Sudan III, Find a solvent for Sudan III: 7.7.11.1
Sudan III, Tests for fats and oils: 9.137
(See 2.)
Sudan III, Epigeal germination: 9.111
(See 3.)
Sulfamic acid, sulfamic
acid, NH2.SO2OH, amidosulfonic acid, Harmful if
ingested, skin irritant,
Reactions of sulfamic acid, NH2SO2OH: 12.18.7
Sulfamic acid, Solution < 20%, Not hazardous
Sulfamic acid is a strong crystalline acid used in cleaning agents.
Sulfamide compounds, SO2(NH2)2
Sulfanilamide, p-aminobenzenesulfonamide, Toxic if ingested, liver toxin
Sulfanilic acid, H2NC6H4SO2OH,
sulfonilic acid, 4-amonobenzenesulfonic acid,
Toxic if ingested, skin irritant
Sulfanilic acid, Solution < 25%, Not hazardous, but should not be ingested
Sulfanilic acid, (used to make methyl orange)
Sulfates: 7.9.51.1
Decomposition of sulfates: 3.30.6
Hazards: 3.7.15
Heat sulfates: 8.3.5
List of sulfates: 1.23
Sulfate of ammonia, (NH4)2SO4,
ammonium sulfate, Harmful, Chemical fertilizers: 6.9.17.0
Sulfate of ammonia, ammonium sulfate, Fertilizers: 6.9.17.1 (See 7. Straight fertilizers)
Sulfates in groundwater: 18.2.2.3
Tests for sulfates: 12.11.5.16
Sulfides: 7.9.51.2
Hazards: 3.7.16
List of sulfides: 1.24
Organic sulfides, RSR, (R not equal to H), formerly called thioethers:
16.2.8.2
Prepare sulfides, S2-: 12.18.2
Tests for sulfides: 12.11.5.17
Sulfites: 7.9.51.3
Hazards: 3.7.17
List of sulfites: 1.25
Sulfites, Decomposition of sulfites: 3.30.7
Tests for sulfites: 12.11.5.18
Sulfonic acids, group:
R-SO2OH, e.g. methanesulfonic acid, CH3SO2OH,
Salts or esters: sulfonates: 16.2.8.3
Sulfonic acids, HS(=O)2OH / sulfonate, organic compound with
functional group, (-SO3H) / (-SO3- )
Sulfonic acids, sulfocarbamide, Electroplating, zinc plating of copper:
15.1.6
Sulfonic acids, Ionic surfactants: 12.12.03.1a
Sulfonic acids, Aromatic sulfonic acids, e.g. benzene sulfonic acid:
16.3.4.0.7
(acid fuchsine is mixture of basic fuchsine + sulfonic groups to decolorize
it.)
(sunscreen, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid)
Sulfur, S, S8, sublimed sulfur, flowers
of sulfur, roll sulfur, sublimed
Sulfur, S, Table of the elements
Sulfur, S, natural sulfur: 35.20.44
(Geology)
Sulfur, in hair, nails, skin. Sulfur deficiency does not occur
Sulphur , children were given "brimstone and treacle", (c.f. a spoonful of sugar makes the medicine go down")
Sulfur, Used in external medicines
for skin problems.
Sulfur compounds, (organic chemistry): 16.2.8
Sulfur properties: 7.2.2.43
Sulfur experiments: 12.18.0
Sulfur: 35.20.44 (Geology)
Sulfur (agricultural fungicide): 16.13.6.9
Sulfur in methylated spirits colloid: 7.8.7.3
Sulfur organic compounds: 16.2.8
Sulfur oxidized to sulfuric acid, bromine catalyst: 17.3.13
Allotropes, sulfur, carbon: 7.9.4.1
Burn sulfur in oxygen: 13.3.2
Concentrated acids and non-metals, carbon and sulfur: 12.3.14
Deficiency symptoms and fertilizing the soil: 5.35.1 (See 4. Sulfur)
Dilute acids with non-metals, carbon and sulfur: 12.3.4
Heat sulfur: 8.2.15
Heat sulfur with iron, synthesis reaction: 12.2.2.1
Liver of sulfur, potassium
sulfide, K2S
Physical changes, Prepare forms of sulfur, allotropes of sulfur: 7.1.5
Prepare sulfur, forms of sulfur: 12.18.1
Prepare sulfur monochloride, S2Cl2: 12.18.3.1
Synthesis reactions (combination reactions), mixtures and compounds,
sulfur with zinc: 12.2.2.0
Sulfur compounds
Bromocresol green
Heat iron with sulfur, synthesis reaction: 12.2.2.1
Lime sulfur fungicide: 16.13.60
Phenylthiocarbamide, PTC, phenylthiourea, PTU: 1.13
Prepare sodium thiosulfate crystals, "hypo", Na2S2O3.5H2O:
12.18.6.1
Prepare sulfur dioxide, SO2: 3.51.0
Prepare thionyl chloride, SOCl2: 12.18.3.2
Reactions of sodium thiosulfate crystals, Na2S2O3.5H2O:
12.18.6.2
Reactions of sulfamic acid, NH2.SO2OH: 12.18.7
Sulfur dichloride, disulfur chloride, Highly
toxic by all routes, use a fume cupboard
Sulfur dichloride with water forms hydrogen chloride gas in a violent
reaction.
Sulfur dioxide, SO2, sulfur
(IV) oxide
Sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, density 6.12 g / litre, inert gaseous
dielectric
Sulfur oxychloride, thionyl chloride
Sulfur trioxide
Sulfur trioxide, Hydrogen sulfate ions, ionization of hydrogen sulfate
ion: 12.6.0.0
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric ether, diethyl ether
Sulfurous oxychloride, thionyl chloride
Sulfuryl chloride, sulfur dichloride, Toxic by all routes, extremely irritant
vapour, highly corrosive
Sulfuryl chloride with water forms hydrogen chloride gas and sulfuric
acid
Tetrasulfur tetanitride, S4N4, unstable contact
explosive
Sulfur dioxide, SO2, sulfur
(IV) oxide, Highly irritating and toxic gas, use a fume cupboard, fumes
may affect asthmatics
Sulfur dioxide,
Additive E220, Sulfur dioxide (from coal tar or combustion of S),
(HEALTH asthma, destroys vitamins A and B1)
Sulfur dioxide,(preservative in soft drinks, dried fruit,
wine)
Acid rain, Formation of acid rain, SOx, by burning sulfur or sulfur compounds:
12.6.0.1
Acidity and alkalinity: 18.1.0.1
Bleach flowers with sulfur dioxide: 3.51.4
Dilute acids and acidic oxides, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide: 12.3.8
Dry hydrogen sulfide and dry sulfur dioxide will not react: 13.13.8
Prepare sulfur dioxide: 3.51.0
Properties of sulfur dioxide and sulfites: 12.18.4
Preservatives or antimicrobials 19.3.6.10
Reduce potassium manganate (VII) with hydrogen sulfide: 3.43.2
Reduce potassium manganate (VII) with sulfur dioxide: 3.51.2
Reduce iron (III) chloride with sulfur dioxide: 3.51.3
Sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid 1.: 12.6.0.3.1
Sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid 2.: 12.6.0.3.2
Sulfur dioxide with water, sulfur dioxide dissolves in water: 13.12.0
Tests for sulfur dioxide: 3.51.1
Tests for substances with dilute hydrochloric acid, note gas produced:
12.11.3.5
Sulfur trioxide, Highly
irritating and toxic gas, use a fume cupboard, fumes may affect asthmatics
Sulfur trioxide with water forms sulfurous acid.
Heat substances in a dry test-tube: 12.11.3.4
(See 9.)
Reactions of sulfamic acid: 12.18.7
Sulfuric acid, ionization of hydrogen sulfate ion, sulfur trioxide: 12.6.0.0
Synthesis reactions,
(combination reactions): 12.2.2.0
Heat copper with iodine: 12.2.2.2
Heat iron with iodine: 12.2.2.3
Heat iron with sulfur: 12.2.2.1
Sulfuric
acid, H2SO4, pure, concentrated, 0.5 M, 1 M, 2 M, analytical
reagent, hygroscopic, Harmful, Corrosive
Sulfuric acid, concentrated, 18 M, 95%, 110 mL of concentrated solution
for 1 litre of 2 M solution.
Sulfuric acid, slowly add acid to water with constant vigorous stirring,
do not add water to acid
Sulfuric acid, fuming, "fuming sulfuric acid", oleum, Highly toxic by
all routes, Extremely corrosive, use < 20 mL in fume cupboard
Sulfuric acid, fuming, Always very small quantities from a dropper.
Sulfuric acid, conc, > 10 M (90%), oil of vitriol,
Sulfuric acid, Highly toxic by
all routes, highly corrosive to skin, eyes, do not inhale vapour
Sulfuric acid, < 10 M (90%), > 4M (36%). Toxic if ingested, strongly
acidic, corrosive
Sulfuric acid, < 4M (36%), > 0.5 M (5%), Strongly acidic, corrosive
Sulfuric acid, < 0.5 M (5%), Not hazardous
Sulfuric acid 2 M, Dilute 112 mL of 35 M in 800 mL water, then add water
to 1 litre
Sulfuric acid 6 M, Dilute 168 mL of 17.8 M acid to 1 litre of water (95%
sulfuric acid)
Sulfuric acid: 12.18.5
Sulfuric acid, ionization of hydrogen sulfate ion, sulfur trioxide: 12.6.0.0
Sulfuric acid as displacer of acids from their salts: 12.18.5.2
Sulfuric acid as oxidizing agent: 12.6.1
Sulfuric acid as oxidizing agent: 15.2.6
Sulfuric acid dehydrates sucrose, (cane sugar): 12.6.3
Sulfuric acid dehydrates copper (II), sulfate crystals, (copper (II),
sulfate): 12.6.2
Sulfuric acid electrochemical cell, copper and zinc with dilute sulfuric
acid: 3.84.3
Sulfuric acid, Etchants: 7.9.20.1
Sulfuric acid with ammonia, acid-base neutralization: 12.8.1
Sulfuric acid with iron: 12.3.3
Sulfuric acid with sodium chloride, conditions for chemical reactions to
occur: 12.2.7
Sulfuric acid with water: 14.1.3
Concentrated sulfuric acid with potassium chlorate, KClO3: 12.19.8.4
Dilute sulfuric acid with metals: 12.3.2.1
Oleum, fuming sulfuric acid, H2SO4
Prepare hydrogen chloride, HCl: 3.42.0
Prepare hydrogen gas: 3.41.0
Prepare nitric acid, sulfuric acid and sodium nitrate: 12.5.1
Prepare solutions of known concentration: 5.4.0
Prepare sulfur dioxide, SO2: 3.51.0
Prepare sulfuric acid with iron (II) sulfate: 12.2.4
Rate of reaction, factors, temperature, sulfuric acid and iron: 17.2.3
Reactions of dilute sulfuric acid as an acid: 12.18.5.4
Reactions of dilute sulfuric acid as a sulfate: 12.18.5.5
Reactions of dilute sulfuric acid with aluminium: 12.3.3.1
Sulfurous acid, Sulfur trioxide with water forms sulfurous acid. Highly
toxic if ingested, very corrosive
Test substances by action with hot concentrated sulfuric acid: 12.11.3.6