topicIndexGH

School Science Lessons
Chemistry index and minerals GH
2012-05-19 SP
Please send comments to: J.Elfick@uq.edu.au

Table of contents
| 1,2,3 | A | B | C | DEF | GH | IJK | L | M | N | O | P | QR | S | T to Z |

Index, items | G, | H |
G
Gadolinium, Gd, Table of the elements, Gadolinium (III) chloride, Gadolinium std (1,000 ppm)
Galactose, d-galactose, monosaccharides: 16.3.1.3
Galanthamine
Galena, lead (II) sulfide, lead sulfide, lead glance, blue lead, PbS: 35.20.15
Gallic acid
Gallium, Ga, Table of the elements
Gallium arsenide, GaAs, with aluminium gallium arsenide used in double heterostructure lasers (DH laser)
Gallocyanine, (Fast violet), C₁₅H₁₃ClN₂O₅, Tests for antimony: 12.11.3.10.3
Galvanic cell, voltaic cell
Gammexane, lindane, BHC, benzene hexachloride, organochlorine insecticide: 16.13.3
Garlic, garlic powder, allinase, alliin, (S-allylcysteine), allicin, (diallyl thiosulfionate): 19.2.27
Garlic, smell, sulfides, RSR, (R not equal to H), thioethers, diallyl sulfide, (garlic smell): 16.2.8.2
Garnet, manganese aluminium silicate, (Mn₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂), Mn₃Al₂[SiO₄)₃, garnet, spessartine, spessartite: 35.3.3.3
Gas discharge tubes: 4.147
Gases
Gasoline, "gas", gasoline fraction, (petrol), motor fuel: 10.6.3
Gas, states of matter, solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), aqueous solution (dissolved in water), (aq)
Gelatin, gelatine, Gelatin Type A from Porcine Skin, Gelatin Type B, (testing for proteins)
Gelatine, E441, (HEALTH hazard if contain SO₂may cause allergies)
Gelatine, Cooked collagen turn into gelatine: 3.0
Gels, gelatine, gelatin, puragel, "Aeroplane jelly", Gels, 12% Precast polyacrylamide
Gellan gum: 7.8.6.1
Genetic code
Gentian violet B, C₂₅H₃₀ClN₃, crystal violet, (CI: 42535) (1% solution), bactericide, anti-fungal, Toxic if ingested
Gentian violet B, (See: 1.1. Methyl violet),
Geology, earth sciences: 35.0.0
Geosmin, earth smells, rain smells and cut grass smells: 16.3.4.1b
Goethite, FeO(OH)
Germ cell mutagenicity: 5.4
German silver, silvery-looking cheap alloy of copper, zinc and nickel.
Germanium
GHB, γ-hydroxybutyrate: 11.12.2.1
Ghost crystals, sodium polyacrylate: 3.4.2.5.1
Gibberellic acid, (GA3), C₁₉H₂₂O
Ginger powder
Giemsa stain powder, Giemsa stain (solution) contains 50% MeOH, blood stain, for diagnosis of parasites, malaria
Glacial acetic acid, CH₃COOH
Glass
Glauber's salt, sodium sulfate
Glauberite mineral
Glazes, pottery glazes
Glazing agents, food additive: 19.4.4.19
Globular proteins, fibrous proteins and globular proteins, collagen: 16.3.6.0.2
Glowing splint test, Tests for oxygen gas: 3.49.1
Gluconic acid, d-gluconic acid, d-glucuronic acid, food additive E574, anti-caking agent, sequestrant: 16.3.2.2
Glucono δ-lactone, food additive E575, acidity regulator, raising agent
Glucoronic acid-1-phosphate
Glucose
Glucosides, Natural compounds linked to glucose: 16.3.2.6.1
Glucuronic acid D-
Glues and pastes, adhesives: 9.0
Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, 2-aminopentanedioic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, (amino acid), See diagram 16.3.6.0.1
Glutamic acid, Table of the 20 α-amino acids: 16.3.6.1.2 (See 6.)
Glutamine, d-glutamine, l-glutamine (L-glutamine)
Glutamine, Table of the 20 α-amino acids: 16.3.6.1.2 (See 7.)
Gluten, wheat starch and gluten, (wheat, barley, rye gluten is gliadin + glutenin), gluten intolerance: 19.4.2.2.5
Gluten powder, wheat starch, wheaten cornflour, food allergies and intolerances: 19.4.2.2 (See 6. Starches)
Glycemic index, (GI): 4.2.11
Glycemic index, heat starch: 19.2.15
L-Glycene
Glycerides: 16.3.3.0.5
Glycerides, esters of the tri-alcohol glycerol, triglyceride, fat, synthetic monoglyceride emulsifiers: 16.3.3.0
Glycerine, propane-1,2,3-triol, (glycerin), glycerol, trihydric alcohol, CH₂OHCH(OH)CH₂OH
Glycerol, Glycerol monostearate, Glycerol triacetate
Glycine
Glycine, Table of the 20 α-amino acids: 16.3.6.1.2 (See 8.)
Glycoalkaloids, avoid bruised or green potatoes: 19.2.17
Glycogen, starches, amylum, glycogen: 16.3.1.5
Glycol, dihydric alcohols, glycol: 16.1.3.0.1
Glycoproteins: 16.3.6.3
Glycosaminoglycans: 16.3.2.4
Glycosides, Natural compound linked to sugar other than glucose: 16.3.2.6
Glyphosate, Phosphorous compounds, weed killers: 16.2.6
Glyphosate weedicide: 16.13.7.3
Goanna oil, from goanna fat, lizard-like Varanus sp, protected in Australia (lubricant, liniment, arthritis, muscle soreness)
Goethite, FeO(OH)
Gold, natural gold, Au
"Goldenrod indicator paper", C.I. Direct Yellow 4
Gram stain, microscopy stain: 3.11
Granisetron
Granite: 35.21.2
Grape seed oil, Composition of edible oils: 19.2.1.1.1
Graphite, carbon
Gravimetric analysis: 17.6.0
Greenhouse gases
Greek alphabet: 2.0.3
Greenockite, cadmium sulfide, CdS
Groundnuts (peanuts)
Group formula: 7.9.30
Group, Periodic table: Table 1
Group tests, explanation of Group analysis: 17.5.7.0
Group tests for metallic radicals: 12.11.6.0
Group tests to identify cations, prepare a solution for group analysis: 12.11.4.0
Grout, calcium sulfate, (cement between tiles)
Guanine, DNA and RNA: 4.4.0
Guanine, structure of DNA, 16.3.2.8 (See 3.)
Guanosine, C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₅, nucleoside, (guanine + D-ribose)
Gum arabic, gum acacia, acacia, Irritant, Polysaccharide gums: 16.3.2.9
Gum guar, Gum locust bean, Gum tragathanth
Gum rosin, colophony, Greek pitch, (mainly abietic acid, C₂₀H₃₀O₂), used by violinists on bows and dancers on ballet shoes
Gummi bears (Gummi fruit) with potassium chlorate: 15.2.13.1
Gunpowder
Gutta percha polymer, natural polymer, mainly trans-1.4-polyisoprene, (latex of Palaquium oblongifolium)
Gutta solvent, (93% higher boiling point hydrocarbons, 0.3% hexane, 0.2% petroleum fractions), Flammable
Gypsum, Calcium sulfate

H
Haber process: 3.33.0
Haematite, hematite, iron glance, specularite, Fe₂O₃
Haematoxylin, hydroxybrasilin, Toxic if ingested, (stains nuclei), Microscopy stain: 3.13
Haematoxylin (Delafield), Haematoxylin (Harris), Haematoxylin (Mayers) solution
Haeme, (heme), in haemoglobin, globular protein in animals, oxygen carriers: 16.3.5.2.2
Haeme A, (cytochrome oxidase ligand complex) C₄₉H₅₆O₆N₄Fe, tetradentate],
Constituents of blood: 9.214
Hafnium, Hf, Table of the elements, (abundant element, for heat resistance in space science
Hafnium oxide in computer transistors, smart phones
Hair
Halite, rock salt, NaCl
Halloysite, (a clay mineral), Al₄Si₄(OH)₈O₁₀.4H₂O
Hallucinogenic drugs: 11.11.9
Haloalkanes, (alkyl halides, RHa, RHalogen)
Halogens
Handling and transferring chemicals: 3.4.10
Hands-on, Why are ‘hands-on’ science activities so effective for student learning? Topic 2.0
Hanksite mineral, Odour and taste: 35.13.3 (See 5.)
Hardite, case-hardening material containing arsenic
Hardness in water: 18.2.0
Hardness, Mohs' scale of hardness, (Geology): 35.10
Hardware, laundry, painting, cleaning, preserving: 19.6.0
HARM: some health risk if absorbed
Harmful, Hazard classifications: 15.1.0
Harmful substances, Health effects of chemicals: 15.2.3
Hassium, Hs, Table of the elements
Haupt's adhesive, adhesive to stick sections to microscope slides: 2.2
Hazards
Health effects of chemicals: 15.2.0
HEALTH: Food additives that may cause medical conditions
Health hazards, (Draft Australian criteria for the classification of hazardous chemicals: 5.0.0
Heat
Heat (to heat something)
Heat capacity, Specific heat capacity, (thermal capacity), C: 22.5.0
Heat content, Chemical potential energy (enthalpy): 7.9.14.1
Heat of
Heat sensitive paper, cobalt (II) chloride, ammonium chloride (sal ammoniac): 5.3.10
Heavy metals
hectopascal, Pressure definitions: 12.1.01
Heidenhain iron haematoxylin, microscopy stain: 3.14
Helium
Hemicellulose, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, tests for wood: 16.3.1.6
Heptachlor, C₁₀H₅Cl₇, insecticide banned in most countries, organochlorine insecticides: 16.13.4
Heptane
Heptanoic acid, CH₃(CH₂)₅COOH, enanthic acid, oenanthic acid
Herbal remedies, solutions used in making herbal remedies: 5.04
Herbicides (weedicides): 16.13.7.0
Heroin, abuse of volatile substances: 11.11.15
Hess's law, energy of reactions, enthalpy, thermal capacity, heat of reaction, Hess's law: 14.01
Heterocyclic compounds: See diagram 16.3.4.4
Hex-1-ene, 1-hexene, olefin, used to make polyethene, C₆H₁₂, Toxic by all routes, highly flammable
Hexachlorobenzene, benzene hexachloride, BHC, C₆C_l6, lindane, gammexane, organochlorine insecticide: 16.13.3
Hexachloroplatinic acid hexahydrate, H₂PtCl₆.6H₂O, (also: [H₃O]₂[PtCl₆]4H₂O), chloroplatinic acid
Hexadecan-1-ol, CH₃.(CH₂)₁₄CH₂OH, cetyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, 1-hexadecanol,
Toxic by all routes, highly flammable
Hexadecan-1-ol, (cetyl alcohol), Melting point of substances: 7.4.2.0
Hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, saturated fatty acid, CH₃(CH₂)₁₄CO₂H, palm oil, palm kernel oil,
coconut oil and most animals and plants
Hexahydrobenzene, C₆H₁₂, cyclohexane, hexahydrobenzene, colourless liquid, ethereal odour, Toxic by all routes, Highly flammable
Hexahydrophenol, C₆H₁₁OH, cyclohexanol, cyclohexyl alcohol, hexahydrobenzene, hexalin, Toxic by all routes
Hexahydrothymol, menthol, pure solution may damage eyes and sensitize skin, but < 10 mg in throat medicine lozenges harmless
Hexamethylenediamine, NH₂(CH₂).(CH₂)NH₂, diaminohexane, 1,6-diaminohexane, prepare nylon polymer: 3.4.7
Hexamethylene tetramin
Hexamethyl diisocyanate, HMDI, polyurethane adhesive or surface coating, irritant
Hexamine, Preservative additive E239, Flammable, irritant
Hexan-1-ol, 1-hexanol, hexyl alcohol, n-hexanol, CH₃(CH₂)₅OH, (pharmacy preparations, Toxic by all routes, flammable
Hexan-1-ol, Solution < 25% Not hazardous
Hexanal, C₆H₁₂O, hexaldehyde, (used to prepare fruity flavours)
Hexane-1,6-diamine, 1,6-diaminohexane, hexamethylene diamine
Hexane, C₆H₁₄, CH₃(CH₂)₄CH_3, n-hexane, normal hexane
Hexanedioic acid, adipic acid
Hexanedioyl dichloride, adipyl chloride
Hexanoic acid, caproic acid
Hexanol, C₆H₁₄O, n-hexanol, hexyl alcohol, n-hexyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, Harmful
Hexanoyl chloride
Highly toxic substances, Health effects of chemicals: 15.2.1.1
High toxicity chemicals, Dr Hugh Cartwright, Chemistry Department, Oxford University, UK: 15.6.0
Histamine, antihistamines, histamine, dexchlorpheniramine, (Polaramine): 11.11.5
Histamine, five member heterocycles: 16.3.4.5
Histidine, Table of the 20 α-amino acids: 16.3.6.1.2 (See 9.)
Hofman voltameter, Electrolysis of water, decomposition of water: 15.5.4
Holmium, Ho, Table of the elements
Home
Hooke's law, elastic limit, deforming force, stress and strain: 34.5.02
Horneblende (amphibole group)
Hot ice, observe frozen carbon dioxide, dry ice, hot ice: 3.34.5
Household
Humectant, bulking agents, food additive: 19.4.4.20
Humectant, food additive: 19.4.4.7
Humic acid, C₁₈₇H₁₈₆O₈₉N₉S₁ (average chemical formula) similar to fulvic acid
Humic acid sodium salt
Hyalite, silicon dioxide, glassy opal, SiO₂.H₂O
Hydraulic fluid, mineral oil with low compressibility, needs correct viscosity for different machines
Hydrazine hydrate, hydrazine monohydrate, Toxic
Hydrazine hydrate, Solution < 1%, Not hazardous
Hydrazine hydrochloride, hydrazium chloride, hydrazine monohydrochloride, Toxic by all routes
Hydrazine sulfate, hydrazium sulfate, Toxic by all routes, reacts violently with all oxidizing agents
Hydrazine, Toxic by all routes
Hydrides, List of hydrides: 1.15
Hydriodic acid, HI
Hydrobromic acid, HBr
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbyl groups, univalent groups, hydrogen atom removed from a hydrocarbon, ethyl, phenyl
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrocolloids: 7.8.6.0
Hydrocolloids, Viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids: 13.6.0.2
Hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen cyanide
Hydrofluoric acid, HF, Toxic by all routes, Not permitted in schools: 12.19.7.0
Hydrogenation: 16.11.11
Hydrogenation, cis-trans fatty acids: 19.2.1.3
Hydrogen, H₂: 3.41.0
Hydrogen bonds in liquids: 3.2.0
Hydrogen bonds: 3.01 (See 3.)
Hydrogen bromide, HBr
Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate
Hydrogen chloride, HCl: 3.42.0
Hydrogen chloride, Tests for hydrogen chloride: 3.42.1
Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, H−C≡N (note triple bond), Prussic acid, hydrocyanic acid, Extremely Toxic, Not permitted in schools
Hydrogen fluoride, HF, hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen gas, H₂: 3.41.0
Hydrogen iodide, HI, prepare hydrogen iodide: 12.19.6.1
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen sulfate ions, ionization of hydrogen sulfate ion, sulfur trioxide: 12.6.0.0
Hydrogen sulfide, H₂S: 3.43.0
Hydrogen sulfide, Tests for hydrogen sulfide: 3.43.1
Hydrogenation
Hydrolysis: 16.11.12
Hydrolysis of
Hydronium ion
Hydrophilic: 7.9.33
Hydrophobic: 7.9.33
Hydroponics, soil-less culture solutions: 9.9.18
Hydroquinone, hydroquinol, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, 1,4-benzenediol quinol, photographic developer, Toxic if ingested
Hydroquinone, Solution < 25% Not hazardous
Hydroxides
Hydroxonium ion
Hydroxy, -OH
Hydroxy apatite
Hydroxy benzoic acid
Hydroxy propionic acid, 2-hydroxypropionic acid, lactic acid
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydroxylammonium chloride, Toxic if ingested, skin irritant
Hydroxylapatite, Ca₅[OH(PO₄)₃]
Hydrozincite, zinc bloom, Zn[(OH)₃CO₃]
Hygroscopic, deliquescent and efflorescent chemicals: 3.31
Hygroscopic, deliquescent and efflorescent chemicals: 3.2.0
Hygroscopic, Store hygroscopic substances: 5.0.
Hygroscopic substances: 3.31.01
Hypnotics, Benzodiazepines (tranquillizers, sedatives): 16.3.4.0.5b
Hypochlorites, ClO^-
Hypochlorite solution for free ammonia
Hypochlorous acid, HClO
Hypo, heat different crystals with water of crystallization: 3.2.3
Hypo, sodium thiosulfate, heat of crystallization: 24.1.8, (2.)
Hypophosphorous acid, anhydrous, H₃PO₂

Gallic acid, C₆H₂(OH)₃COOH, C₇H₆O₅, (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), astringent phenolic acid, Toxic if ingested
Gallic acid, Found in infusions of gall nuts, e.g. oak apple gall, oak marble gall, Formed by fermentation of tannic acid in nature.
Pyrogallol: 16.1.3.2a
Antioxidants, antioxidant phenols, vitamin E, beta-carotene: 19.2.1.6
Antioxidants, food additives: 19.4.4.10 (See E310, E311, E312)

Galvanic cell, voltaic cell
Daniell cell, porous pot, Zn in ZnSO₄ soln. / Cu in CuSO₄ soln.: 3.85
Daniell cell, salt bridge: 33.3.2
Electrochemical cell, voltaic cell: 3.84.1
Galvanize: 7.9.29
Simple galvanic cell, Zn and Cu in dilute HCl: 3.84.4
Voltaic cell with a salt bridge, Zn in ZnSO₄ soln. / Cu in CuSO₄ soln.: 3.84.5

Gases
Bunsen burner safety: 22.6.3
Chemical vapours and smelling chemicals, safety: 3.4.8
Gases, (household gas, laboratory gas)
Gases (different gases, ammonia to xenon): 13.1.0
Gases under pressure: 4.5
Chemical vapours and smelling chemicals, safety: 3.4.8
Collect insoluble gases over water: 3.32 (See 3.) GIF
Density of gases, SVP, Saturation Vapour Pressure: 1.0.0
Fume cupboards, fume hoods: 2.4
Gas-pak: 2.11
Gas bags: 13.01
Gas burette, Dilute hydrochloric acid with marble chips: 17.1.3
Gas generation apparatus: 3.32.0
Gas installations and inspections: 2.1
Gas laws relate the pressure, temperature and volume of gas: 20.0.0
Gas or vapour inhalation, EAR, CPR, safety: 3.4.6
Gases dissolved in a water sample: 10.5.7
Gases from wood: 3.99
Greenhouse gases
Hazards associated with gases: 3.8.0
Packaging gases, propellants, food additives: 19.4.4.22
Prepare gases: 3.32
Relative molecular mass of gases: 13.1.5a
Standard temperature and pressure, STP, density of gases: 20.0.6
SVP, Saturation Vapour Pressure: 1.0.0
Tests for: Gases and vapours
Tests for gases from burning hydrocarbons, oxyacetylene welding: 16.4.6
Volume of gas dissolved in tap water: 7.7.13.1

Gels, gelatin, gelatine: 7.8.5.0
Gels in the home kitchen: 7.8.5.3
Gelatin, gelatine, observe diffusion through a colloidal gel: 9.164
Gelatin, gelatine, jelly with fresh or tinned pineapple: 19.2.9.1
Hydro gels, water absorbent polymers
Metallic salts gels, calcium carbonate gel, calcium acetate gel: 7.8.5.4
Pectin in jelly and jam: 19.2.9
Prepare gelatine gel: 7.8.5.2
Prepare silica gel: 7.8.5.1

Germanium, Ge, metalloid, Table of the elements
Germanium (IV) chloride, germanium tetrachloride, Toxic by all routes, Highly corrosive, violent reaction with water
Germanium ethoxide
Germanium Std (ICP / DCP)

Gibberellic acid, C₁₉H₂₂O₆, (GA3), plant growth hormone, Toxic if ingested
Photosynthetic pigments: 16.3.5.1.9.3

Glass, silicon compounds: 7.2.3
Borosilicate glass, Pyrex: 7.9.10
Electrical conductivity of melted solids, fused solids: 15.59.3
Glass cutting, tubing, cleaning: 2.0.0
Glass balls (all sizes), Glass beads (all sizes)
Glass knife (ceramic impregnated with diamond dust)
Glass transition temperature (Tg), 3.4.01
Glass wool, Irritant, (glass wool, silane-treated)
Prepare coloured glass: 7.2.4.2
Test-tubes, glassware and microscope slides, laboratory safety: 3.3.1

Glucose
Amylase (fermentation): 7.1.2
Monosaccharides: 16.3.1.3
Glucose atom carbon numbers: See diagram 16.3.1.3a
Glucose molecule: See diagram 16.3.1.3b
Glucose nutrient agar 200 mL: 9.1.2.16
Glucose nutrient agar medium: 9.1.2.19e
Glucose oxidase enzyme, acidity regulators, food additive E1102: 19.4.4.8
Glycemic index (GI) GI value and GI load: 4.2.11
Heat different foods: 9.128 (See 7.)
Heat glucose: 12.7.1
Hydrolysis of starch by salivary amylase (ptyalin): 9.130
Lactic acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, CH₃CH(OH)COOH: 1.5.1
Lactase: 7.1.3 (fermentation)
Left-handed and right-handed structural forms, D and L sugars: 16.3.1.3.1
Non-enzymatic browning, caramelization: 19.3.4.3
Oxidation of glucose with sodium hydroxide and methylene blue, blue bottle experiment: 16.3.7.2
Prepare glucose with starch: 12.7.15
Prepare glucose with sugar: 12.7.18
Prepare yoghurt, test milk quality: 4.3.17
Reducing sugars and nonreducing sugars: 16.3.7.1
Sorbitol E420, Sorbitol syrup, Sweeteners, food additives: 19.4.4.25
Split lactose from milk or whey using immobilized lactase: 4.2.11
Tests for glucose and fructose: 9.140.1
Tests for glucose and starch with "Testape": 9.182
Tests for glucose and sucrose: 12.7.2
Tests for glucose in apples and sweets: 12.7.3
Tests for glucose, urine test: 19.1.20.4
Tests for reducing sugars, test urine, Benedict's test: 9.141
Tests for starch, Fehling's tests for starch: 9.142
Tests for starch, breakdown to sugars, hydrolysis of starch, iodine test, Fehling's test: 16.10.1
Tests for sugars, simple sugars, reducing sugars, Fehling's test: 9.140
Tests, Multiple reagent strips: 19.1.20.5
Glucose 6-phosphate disodium salt D-, Glucose 6-phosphate barium salt D-,
Glucose 6-phosphate monosodium salt

Glycerol, glycerin, glycerine, viscous fluid, C₃H₈O_3, 1,2,3-propantriol, propane-1,2,3-triol,
antifreeze
Glycerol, Tests for glycerol: 12.12.3
Glycerol, trihydroxypropane 1,2,3-propanetriol, glycyl alcohol, glycerol USP,
oily so harmful if spilled on floor
Glycerol-phthalic anhydrides, thermoset plastics: 3.8.8
Glycerol, trihydric alcohols, glycerol: 16.1.3.0.2
Glycerine colour change reaction: 12.7.5
Glycerine jelly, adhesive to stick sections to microscope slides: 2.1
Glycerine with cobalt chloride solution: 12.7.8
Glycerine with sugar: 12.7.7
Glycerol-phthalic anhydrides, thermoset plastics: 3.8.8
Glycerides, esters of glycerol: 16.3.3.0.5
Heat of reaction, potassium permanganate with glycerol: 14.1.7
Oxidation of glycerine: 12.7.6
Tests for glycerine: 12.7.4

Glycine, NH₂CH₂COOH, aminoacetic acid (Gly), aminoethanoic acid, powder
Glycine and its sodium salt (flavour enhancer) E640
Glycine max, soya bean, soybean, vegetable, [soybean oil], Fabaceae
Amino acids: 16.3.6.1.0
Collagen
Separate amino acids with paper chromatography: 10.2.2.5

Gold, Au, AAS std
Gold, Au, Table of the elements
Gold properties: 7.2.2.17
Gold: 35.20.18
Carat: 3.2.2
Gold (III) chloride trihydrate

Greenhouse gases
Composition of the atmosphere and greenhouse gases: 3.32.1
Greenhouse effect in a model greenhouse 37.43
Test carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas: 3.38.1

Hair, keratin
Hair products (cosmetics): 19.7.3
Hair straightening, Permanent wave, permanent crease solution, sodium metabisulfite: 19.5.6
Hair, Skin and hair (Primary): 2.19

Halogens, halogen compounds, haloalkanes, (alkyl halides), halogen derivatives: 16.2.2
Halogens, Group 17 of the periodic table: 12.19.0
Tests for halides, Cl^-, Br^-, I^-: 12.11.5.10

Hazards
Hazard classifications: Explosive, Flammable, Oxidizing, Poison, Harmful, Corrosive, Irritant: 15.1.0
Hazard classifications used by NSW Department of Education and Training, (DET), Australia: 15.5.0
Hazard classification and experiments: 3.1.4
Hazard labels: 1.22
Hazardous chemicals, Laboratory safety and hazardous chemicals: 15.3.0
Hazardous wastes, contamination of groundwater by refuse: 18.6.1
Hazards associated with gases, safety: 3.8.0
Hazards of anion compounds, safety: 3.7.0

Heat capacity, Specific heat capacity, (heat capacity, specific heat, thermal capacity), C: 22.5.0
Calorimeters: 22.1.0
Collect and weigh the gaseous products of a burning candle, alkanes, (paraffins): 3.28.4
Endothermic reactions, reactions that take in heat energy: 14.2.0
Exothermic reactions, reactions that give out heat energy: 14.1.0
Fire safety: 3.5.0
Heat and temperature, joule, calorie: 22.2.0
Heat of rusting, steel wool: 14.1.4
Heat measuring devices, calorimeter: 22.1.0
Heat-pack, Supersaturated solution of sodium ethanoate-3-water, "heat pack": 5.03
Heat sensitive paper, cobalt (II) chloride, ammonium chloride, (sal ammoniac): 5.3.10
Heat sources (low cost equipment): 22.8.0
Hot ice, observe frozen carbon dioxide, (dry ice, hot ice): 3.34.5
Ignition temperature: 8.6.1
Mercury in barometers and thermometers: 3.3.4
Oven temperatures: 6.14.0
Substances that gain mass when heated, copper foil: 3.28.0
Substances that gain mass when heated, magnesium ribbon: 3.28.1
Temperature and rate of a reaction: 3.93
Temperature, Celsius scale, Kelvin scale, Fahrenheit scale: 6.3.1.5.0
Thermometers and temperature: 22.7.0

Heat (to heat something)
Elements combine with oxygen gas when heated in air: 8.2.0
Heat carbonates, Prepare carbon dioxide: 13.7.6
Heat copper with iodine: 12.2.2.2
Heat chemicals, linked experiments: 8.2.0a
Heat dinitrogen tetroxide, (nitrogen tetroxide, N₂O₄): 17.5.6.2
Heat food with copper (II) oxide: 16.9.2
Heat hydrated iron chlorides: 12.8.13
Heat hydrogen bromide: 12.19.9.3a
Heat hydrogen carbonates, Prepare carbon dioxide : 13.7.7
Heat iron with iodine: 12.2.2.3
Heat iron with sulfur: 12.2.2.1
Heat nitrogen tetroxide (dinitrogen tetroxide, N₂O₄): 17.5.6.2
Heat salts: 8.3.1
Heat substances, (Heat different substances, Primary): 2.21
Heat substances that decompose and lose mass, thermal decomposition: 3.30.0
Heat substances that gain mass when heated, copper foil: 3.28
Heat substances in a dry test-tube: 12.11.3.4
Heat sulfur: 8.2.15
Substances that decompose when heated, but may be reformed: 8.4.0
Substances that lose mass when heated: 8.3.0

Heat of:
Chemical potential energy, enthalpy: 7.9.14.1
Energy of reactions, enthalpy, thermal capacity, heat of reaction, Hess's law: 14.01
Heat of combustion, bomb calorimeter: 22.5.7
Heat of displacement reaction, zinc with copper (II) sulfate solution: 14.1.6
Heat of neutralization reaction: 3.82
Heat of neutralization with a simple calorimeter,
dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution: 14.1.5
Heat of neutralization with a simple calorimeter,
dilute hydrochloric acid / ethanoic acid with sodium hydroxide solution: 14.1.5.1
Heat of neutralization titration: 12.8.6
Heat of solution, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, urea: 3.17
Heat of solution of anhydrous copper (II) sulfate Solution, anhydrous copper (II) sulfate: 14.1.1

Heavy metals and "Chemical safety in schools": 7.9.31
Recycle heavy metals: 7.9.31.1
Heavy metals (definition): Table 2
Heavy metals, List of heavy metal compounds: 1.14

Helium, He, inert gas
Helium, He, Table of the elements
Helium properties: 7.2.2.18
Balloon as a sound lens, acoustic lens, (See 4.): 26.7.3
Balloon electroscope: 31.3.6
Critical point, critical temperature: 24.1.05
Prepare hydrogen gas bubbles: 3.41.2
Properties of materials at low temperature, liquid helium: 23.4.1
Packaging gases, propellants, food additive: 19.4.4.22
Helium balloon in a motor car: 16.1.2.4.3

Heptane, (C₇H₁₆), n-heptane, heptane fraction, Toxic by all routes, Highly flammable: 16.1.1g
Heptane may be used as an alternative to hexane.
Heptane, octane number: See diagram 16.1.1h

Hexane, C₆H₁₄, CH₃(CH₂)₄CH_3, n-hexane, normal hexane, hexane fraction,
Toxic by all routes, Highly flammable
Hexane, Solution < 5%, Not hazardous
Adipic acid, (hexanedioic acid)
Alkanes (C_nH_2n+2), paraffins, (hexane): 16.1.1.1
Cyclohexane
Flammable: 7.9.22 (See 6.)
Hexane-1, 6-diamine, (1, 6-diaminohexane)
Hexane, (C₆H₁₄): 16.1.1f
Hexane, C₆H₁₄, hexyl C₆H₁₃, Stem name: hex-
Hexane, octane number: See diagram 16.1.1h
Insect repellents, (ethyl hexanediol): 16.13.8
Lactams, (-NH(CO-), e.g. caprolactam, (6-hexanelactam), (C₆H₁₁NO): 16.3.4.0.3
Measure the size of a carbon atom in a stearic acid molecule, (hexane): 3.3.3.1
Prepare nylon polymer, (1, 6-diaminohexane): 3.4.7,
Tests for iodides, (hexane): 12.11.5.12

Household, home, kitchen
Beauty and skin care products: 19.7.0
Cooking: 19.3.0
Fabrics in the home: 19.5.0
Food additives: 19.4.4
Food chemistry, labels, recipes: 19.4.0
Food preservation: 19.3.6
Gels in the home kitchen: 7.8.5.3
Hardware, laundry, painting, cleaning, preserving: 19.6.0
Household acids: 19.1.1.0
Household chemicals: 19.1.0
Household chemicals checklist: 19.4.1
Household gas
Gases, (household gas, laboratory gas)
Household items and products: 19.0.0
Kitchen experiments 19.0.0
Kitchen hints, avoid, clean, use: 19.4.2

Hydriodic acid, HI, conc. 5.5 M, solution <5 M (47%), Toxic by all routes
Hydriodic acid is pure HI in water but commercial solutions may be 57% by mass.
Hydriodic acid, Solution < 1%, Not hazardous

Hydrobromic acid, HBr, bromic acid, hydrobromic acid solution,
hydrogen bromide solution, 9 M (48%), Toxic by all routes
Hydrobromic acid, Solution > 2M (10%), Not hazardous

Hydrocarbons, test gases from burning hydrocarbons: 16.4.6
Hydrocarbon solvents, Flammable: 7.9.22 (See 6.)
Tests for unsaturated hydrocarbons, acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution test: 16.4.9.0
Tests for unsaturated hydrocarbons, alkaline potassium manganate (VII) solution test: 16.4.8
Tests for unsaturated hydrocarbons, bromine water test: 16.4.7.0
See diagram 16.1.1: Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes

Hydrochloric acid, HCl, (COR 1789), 36% hydrochloric acid, spirits of salts, muriatic acid, spiritus salis
Hydrochloric acid, concentrated, 10 M, 35%, 200 mL of concentrated solution for 1 litre of 2 M solution.
Hydrochloric acid: 12.4.0
Hydrochloric acid, concentrated, > 10 M (32%), Toxic, Corrosive, lung irritant
Hydrochloric acid, < 10 M (35%) > 4 M (14%), Toxic, Corrosive, lung irritant
Hydrochloric acid, < 4 M (14%) > 0.2 M (1%), Toxic, Corrosive, lung irritant
Hydrochloric acid, < 0.2 M (1%), Not hazardous, skin irritant
Hydrochloric acid, 3 M, dilute 258 mL of 11.6 M acid to 1 litre of water, (35% hydrochloric acid)
Hydrochloric acid, 4 M, dilute 400 mL of 10 M acid to 1 litre of water
Aqua regia, "royal water", dissolves gold, (3 vols concentrated HCl + 1 vol concentrated HNO₃)
Hydrogen chloride, HCl: 3.42.0
Hydrogen chloride, Tests for hydrogen chloride: 3.42.1
Dilute hydrochloric acid with:
Prepare carbon dioxide by adding acids to carbonates and bicarbonates, sodium hydrogen carbonate: 3.34.0
Prepare chlorine: 13.4.1.0 (See 11.)
Prepare hydrogen chloride: 3.42.0
Prepare hydrochloric acid: 3.42.01
Prepare hydrogen gas: 3.41.0
Prepare chlorine: 13.4.1
Rates of reaction
Reverse colour change, potassium iodide and hydrochloric acid: 17.3.5
Sodium thiosulfate with dilute hydrochloric acid, concentration and rate of reaction: 3.92
Titrate dilute hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide solution, using a burette: 12.8.4
Titrate dilute hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide solution, using a burette (second method): 12.8.4.1
Test substances by action with dilute hydrochloric acid, note gas formed: 12.11.3.5
Tests for hydrogen chloride: 3.42.1

Dilute hydrochloric acid with:
Calcium carbonate: 12.3.9.1
Hydroxides: 12.3.7.2
Metals, acids with metals: 12.3.2
Sodium carbonate: 12.3.9.1
Sodium hydroxide: 12.8.2
Sodium hydroxide, heat of neutralization: 14.1.5.1
Zinc, Galvanic cell: 3.84.3

Rates of reaction
Concentration of reactants, hydrochloric acid with magnesium: 17.2.2.1
Concentration of reactants, hydrochloric acid with sodium thiosulfate: 17.2.2
Count bubbles, dilute hydrochloric acid with zinc: 17.1.1
Gas burette, dilute hydrochloric acid with marble chips: 17.1.3
Magnesium with hydrochloric acid: 17.5.4.1
Particle size, dilute hydrochloric acid with marble chips: 17.2.1
Volume of gas, dilute hydrochloric acid with zinc: 17.1.2

Hydrogen fluoride, HF, hydrofluoric acid, conc. 29 M, Very Toxic, Not permitted in schools
Hydrogen fluoride, Prepare hydrogen fluoride: 12.19.7.1

Hydrogen carbonate
Dilute acids with calcium hydrogen carbonate: 12.3.10.1
Dilute acids with sodium hydrogen carbonate: 2.3.10.0
Heat a hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, (sodium bicarbonate): 12.16.4
Prepare carbon dioxide, heat hydrogen carbonates: 13.7.7
Thermal decomposition, Decomposition of hydrogen carbonates (bicarbonates): 3.30.2

Hydrogen bromide, HBr
Heat hydrogen bromide: 12.19.9.3a
Prepare hydrogen bromide: 12.19.9.3
Reactions of hydrogen bromide: 12.19.9.4
Tests for substances with hot concentrated sulfuric acid, note gas formed: 12.11.3.6

Hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂, "peroxide", 30% solution, Not permitted in schools, Harmful, Corrosive
Hydrogen peroxide > 30% W/W causes painful white blisters on the skin that heal slowly.
Hydrogen peroxide concentration and storage: 3.49a
Hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent: 15.2.7
Hydrogen peroxide clock reaction, Briggs-Rauscher oscillating reaction, hydrogen peroxide,
potassium iodate: 17.1.8
Hydrogen peroxide decomposition, with different catalysts: 17.3.1
Hydrogen peroxide decomposition, with manganese (IV) oxide catalyst: 17.3.2
Hydrogen peroxide, Oxygen experiments: 12.12.0
Hydrogen peroxide with catalase enzyme in raw beef liver: 17.3.8
Hydrogen peroxide with manganese (IV) oxide, rate of reaction, height of suds: 17.1.5
Hydrogen peroxide with potassium iodide, iodine clock reaction: 17.1.6
Hydrogen peroxide with potassium iodide, reverse colour change: 17.3.5
Hydrogen peroxide with potassium sodium tartrate, cobalt (II) chloride catalyst,
visible activated complex: 17.3.6
Hydrogen peroxide with sodium thiosulfate, ammonium molybdate catalyst: 17.3.9
Magnesium displaces hydrogen in ethanoic acid: 12.2.4.3
Prepare oxygen gas with hydrogen peroxide: 3.49.0
Series dilution of hydrogen peroxide: 5.4.7

Hydrogenation: 16.11.11
Hydrogen: 7.2.2.19
Hydrogenation, cis-trans fatty acids: 19.2.1.3

Hydrolysis of:
Ammonium chloride: 12.10.3.2
Antimony chloride, law of mass action and reversible reactions: 17.5.5.2
Bismuth chloride, law of mass action and reversible reactions: 17.5.5.1
Ethyl acetate, autocatalytic hydrolysis: 17.3.15
Iron (III) chloride, iron chloride: 12.10.5
Salts, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride: 12.10.3
Sodium hydrogen carbonate: 12.10.3.1
Starch by dilute hydrochloric acid: 9.129
Starch by salivary amylase, (ptyalin): 9.130
Sucrose by dilute acids: 9.131

Hydroxides, alkalis and amphoteric oxides and hydroxides: 12.7.7
Dilute acids and hydroxides, magnesium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide: 12.3.6
Hydroxyl ions, tests for ammonia and hydroxyl ions (hydroxide ions): 13.6.5
Tests for hydroxides: 12.11.5.11
Thermal decomposition of hydroxides: 3.30.3

Hydronium ion: 3.01 (See 3. Hydrogen bonds)
Hydronium ion, (hydroxonium ion, oxonium ion): 7.9.32
Hydronium ion, Oxonium ion, Acid-base reactions: 12.2.5
Hydronium ion, Oxonium ion, Oxides and the periodic table: 12.17.1.1

Hypochlorite, ClO^-
Calcium hypochlorite, swimming pool chemical, Ca(OCl)_2:18.7.2.2.1
Decomposition of sodium hypochlorite with cobalt sulfate catalyst: 17.3.14
Hypochlorite: calcium hypochlorite
Hypochlorites, hazards: 3.7.7
Inorganic hypochlorites, swimming pool chemical: 18.7.2.2
Pass chlorine through water: 13.4.9
Prepare chlorine, Cl_2:13.4.1
Sodium hypochlorite, swimming pools, checklist of daily routine for the pool operator: 3.9.1
Sodium hypochlorite, swimming pool chemical, NaOCl: 18.7.2.2.2