topicIndexB

School Science Lessons
Chemistry index and minerals B
2012-05-17 SP
Please send comments to: J.Elfick@uq.edu.au

Table of contents
| 1,2,3 | A | B | C | DEF | GH | IJK | L | M | N | O | P | QR | S | T to Z |

Index, items B
Babbitt's metal, alloy for bearings (Sn 5-90%, Sb 7-10%, Cu 1.5-6%, Pb 5-48%)
Bacteria: 3.44
Bakelite, Prepare Bakelite plastic, phenol / methanal polymerization: 3.4.9
Bakelite, Phenolics, phenol resins, phenol-formaldehyde resins: 3.8.10
Baking powder, Baking and retention of nutrients
Baking soda, sodium hydrogen carbonate
Balloons, dilute hydrochloric acid with marble chips, (measure rate of reaction with balloons): 17.1.4
Ball pen ink, Separate mixed inks with paper chromatography: 3.24.1
BANNED = food additive banned in some countries
Banned chemicals, Chemicals not permitted in schools: 15.10.0
Barber's relaxing fluid, insect fixing fluid: 4.15
Barbiturates, (central nervous system depressants): 16.3.4.0.5a
Barbiturates, phenobarbital, amylobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental: 11.11.7
Barium, Ba, alkaline earth metal, barium ion Ba²⁺
Barium compounds
Barometers, Atmospheric pressure, barometer, Torricelli: 13.1.0
Barytes, barite, BaSO₄, heavy spar
Basalt: 35.21.1
Base, "speed" and "base", abuse of volatile substances: 11.11.4.1
Bases, (base + acid --> salt + water)
Base units, The 7 base units: Length, Mass, Time, Electric current, Temperature, Amount of substance,
Luminous intensity: 6.3.1
Basic oxides
Bath salts, Prepare bath salts with sodium carbonate and with sodium sesquicarbonate: 12.1.28
Batteries, Electrochemical cells: 15.6.0
Batteries, Cells and batteries: 33.3.0
Bauxite, mainly hydrated alumina
BCDMH, bromine products: 18.7.19
BCIP-dipotassium salt, C₈H₄BrClNO₄PNa₂, bromochloroindolyl phosphate, chromogenic substance, enzyme experiments
Beakers: 1.6
Bean curd, Prepare bean curd: 7.8.3.6
Beauty and skin care products: 19.7.0
Beef extract, powder, desiccated beef, culture medium for microbiology, "Bacto", (not "Bovril", now a yeast extract)
Beef liver, Hydrogen peroxide with catalase enzyme in raw beef liver: 17.3.8
Beer's law, (Beer-Lambert law) Total dissolved solids and suspended solids in water: 18.2.0
Beeswax, C₁₅H₃₁COOC₃₀H_61, (white), Prepare beeswax candles: 8.1.2.1
Beet sugar, sucrose extracted from sugar beet, Beta vulgaris, Chenopodiaceae
Bell metal, bronze for casting bells, Higher melting point alloys and parts by weight: 5.5.5
Benedict's reagent, Benedict's solution, Tests for reducing sugars, urine test: 9.141
Benedict's reagent, Benedict's solution, Harmful if ingested: 1.3
Beneficiation (ore --> metal + gangue)
Bentonite, bentonite clay, Al₂Mg(OH)₂[Si₄O₁₀](Ca,Na)_x.4H₂O: 35.22.4.4
Benomyl, C₁₄H₁₈N₄O₃, (carbamate fungicide): 16.13.6
Benzaldehyde
Benzamide, C₆H₅CONH₂, Harmful if ingested
Benzedrine, (trade name for dl-amphetamine)
Benzene, C₆H₆
Benzfuran, coumarone, C₈H₆O
Benzidine, 4,4-diamino-biphenyl, Highly toxic by all routes, Not permitted in schools
Benzidine, C₁₂H₁₂N₂, Tests for manganese: 12.11.3.10.15
Benzine, benzene, also in some countries: petrol, pentane-hexane mixture, petroleum spirit, mixture of alcohols as solvent or fuel
Benzodiazepines (tranquillizers, sedatives, hypnotics): 16.3.4.0.5b
Benzofuranoids, benzopyranoids: 16.3.4.1
Benzoic acid, C₆H₅COOH, benzenecarboxylic acid, phenylformic acid, Harmful if ingested
Benzoin, fragrant gum resin from Styrax, ketone, C₆H₅.CHOH.CO.C₆H₅
Benzol, crude benzene motor spirit, Not permitted in schools
Benzonitrile, Harmful if ingested
Benzophenome, Harmful if ingested
Benzopurpurin 4B, acid-base indicator (See 1.4)
Benzopyrene, C₂₀H₁₂, Reactions of benzene: 16.8.1
Benzoquinone, cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, in coal and tobacco smoke
Benzoyl, benzoyl group C₆H₅CO-, (benzene carbonyl group), e.g. benzoyl chloride (C₆H₅COCl)
Benzyl, benzyl group C₆H₅CH₂-
Benzylpenicillin
Berkelium, Bk, Table of the elements, actinoid
Berry juices as acid-base indicators: 5.6.8
Beryl, Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆Beryllium, BeBessemer process: 7.9.9
Betaines: 16.3.4.2
BHC, lindane, gammexane, C₆C_l6, hexachlorobenzene, benzene hexachloride, organochlorine insecticide: 16.13.3
Bhopal, methyl isocyanate, Highly toxic by all routes, use < 5 mL or g, (epoxy resin accelerator), caused Bhopal disaster in India
Bial's reagent (orcinol in concentrated HCl)
Bicarbonate (hydrogen carbonate), HCO₃^-, sodium hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate indicator
solution, bicarbonate of soda
Bicarbonate, Tests for bicarbonates: 12.11.5.4
Bifenox herbicide, C₁₄H₉Cl₂NO₅, : 16.13.7.1
Bile salts as an emulsifying agent: 7.8.3.5
Bilin: 16.3.5.2.1
Billion, Different measurements, billion, trillion: 6.2.0
Biochemistry: 9.109.0
Biodiesel, mixture of alkyl C14-C24 fatty acid methyl esters, Coconut oil as a biofuel: 16.16
Biofuel, biogas, gasohol, Biogas: 2.1.4
Biology fixatives: 4.0
Biology media and solutions: 1.0
Bioluminescence, chemiluminescence: 14.3.0
Biotin, Lost nutrients: 19.3.6.03
Biotite mica, Mica group: 35.16.0
Birdlime
Bismuth, Bi natural bismuth
Bismuth compounds
Bisphenol A, BPA, Epoxy resin polymers, thermoset plastics: 3.4.3.1
Bisulfate, -HSO4^-, hydrogen sulfate, hydrogen sulfate
Bisulfite, -HSO3^-, hydrogen sulfite
Bitumen, asphalt, "tar", fractional distillation of crude oil: 16.1.12
Bitumen, coal tar products: 16.2.10
Bitumen foaming and bitumen decay: 24.1.6
Biuret, Tests for proteins, biuret test: 16.6.5
Biuret, Urea forms biuret: 16.6.13
Black powder, gunpowder
Blackboard chalk, (school chalk), 3.71.5
Blanching: 19.3.6.04
Blast furnace, Carbon monoxide, properties: 3.39.0 (See 3.)
Blast furnace, Reduce red iron oxide, or rust, to iron: 10.10.3
Bleach, bleaching powder
Blue bottle experiment, Oxidation of glucose with sodium hydroxide and methylene blue: 16.3.7.2
Blueprints and diazo prints: 2.3
Bluestone, copper (II) sulfate
Body Mass Index (BMI): 9.228
Bohrium, Bh, Table of the elements
Bohr model
Boiling chips, bumping: 7.9.12
Boiling point: 7.5.0
Boiling point, Freezing point depression and boiling point elevation: 24.1.04
Boiling point of water: 3.5
Bomb calorimeter, Heat of combustion, bomb calorimeter: 22.5.7
Bomb calorimeter, Energy from food, bomb calorimeter: 6.6.17
Bonds, chemical bonds
Bone glue pearls
Bone, Human body, skeleton, weight, height, skin, hair: 9.3.0
Bone, teeth and toothpaste, calcium hydroxyl apatite, calcium hydroxyapatite: 9.226
Boracic acid, boric acid
Borax, sodium tetraborate, Harmful if ingested
Bordeaux mixture fungicide: 16.13.6.2
Boracic acid, boric acid, H₃BO₃,
Boric acid, boracic acid, H₃BO₃, Toxic if ingested, boric acid salts
Bornite, bournonite, Cu₅FeS₄: 35.20.6
Boron, B
Bornite, bournonite, Cu₅FeS₄
Borosilicate glass, Pyrex: 7.9.10
Borosilicate glass, Silicon compounds, glass: 7.2.3
Bottle brushes, stirring rods, watch glass: 1.24
Bottled gas, compressed gas, LPG, LP Gas
Bottles, laboratory bottles: 1.7
Boyle's law (Mariotte's law): 20.2.0
Brass, brass rivets, Copper-zinc alloys, brass: 5.5.6
Brass, copper: 35.20.11
Breakdown (molecules)
Breakfast cereal, Energy values of food, bomb calorimeter: 6.6.17 (See 3.)
Breakfast cereal, Iron from breakfast cereal: 19.2.18
Breath test, for alcohol, carbon dioxide
Breccia: 35.22.2
Brewing, Yeast, fermentation, brewing, whisky, fish sauce: 19.2.11
Bricks, Make bricks with cement: 3.66
Bricks, Strengths of mud, clay and sand bricks: 3.65
Briggs-Rauscher oscillating reaction, clock reaction, hydrogen peroxide, potassium iodate: 17.1.8
Brightener, optical brightener, Ultraviolet light source: 4.136
Brilliant dyes
Brimstone, "fire stone", former word for sulfur
British liquid measures, imperial measures, (fl. oz. = imperial fluid ounce): 3.5.2
Brittle, breaking strains, brittleness: 34.5.1.5
5.6.2.1 Bromocresol green
pH < 3.8 yellow to pH 5.4 blue, C₂₁H₁₄Br₄O₅S
Bromic acid, hydrobromic acid, HBr, hydrobromic acid solution, hydrogen bromide solution, conc. 9.0 M, Harmful
Brominated flame retardants, (BFRs): 3.0.5
Bromides
Bromine, Br, bromine water
Bromo-compounds organic, List of bromo-compounds: 1.8
Bromoacetic acid
Bromoacetanilide, p-bromoacetanilide, 4-bromoacetanilide
Bromobenzene, solution <20%, Not hazardous
Bromobutane, 1-bromobutane, n-butyl bromide
Bromobutane, 2-bromobutane, sec-butyl bromide
Bromochloromethane
Bromocresol green
Bromcresol purple, (acid-base indicator, 2.2): 2.2
Bromoform, tribromomethane, (use < 50 mL), Harmful by all routes, eye / lung Irritant
Bromomethylbenzene, benzyl bromide
Bromomethylpropane, 2-bromo-2-methyl propane, tert-butylbromide, Harmful by all routes
Bromophenol, 4-bromophenol
Bromophenol blue, (acid-base indicator, 1.7), C₁₉H₁₀Br₄O₅₆, tetrabromophenolsulfonphthalein
Bromophenol blue, 2-bromo-2-methylbutane, t-butyl bromide
Bromopropane, 1-bromopropane, n-propyl bromide, Solution < 25%
Bromopropane, 2-bromopropane, isopropyl bromide, allyl bromide
Bromopropene, 3-bromopropene, allyl bromide, CH₂:CHCH₂Br, 1-bromoprop-2-ene, acrid smell, Toxic by all routes
Bromothymol blue, (acid-base indicator, 2.5): 2.5
Bromothymol green, (acid-base indicator, 1.9): 1.9
Bromotoluene
Bronze, Copper-tin alloys, bronze: 5.5.7
Bronze, Copper-aluminium alloys, bronze: 5.5.8
Bronze, Corrosion of alloys, restore bronze coins: 15.3.14
Brookite, a mineral form of titanium (IV) oxide, titanium dioxide, TiO₂
Brownian movement: 3.55
Browning, (of fruits, in cooking), 19.3.4.2
Brucine, C₂₃H₂₆O₄N₂, strychnine base alkaloid, Quinoline group: 16.3.6.2.6
Bti insecticide
Bubbles, Count bubbles, dilute hydrochloric acid with zinc: 17.1.1
Bubbles in water and aqueous solutions: 19.1.2
Bubbles Burn butane bubbles: 19.1.2.1
Buffers, buffer solutions
Builders, Detergents, (e.g. sodium tripolyphosphate): 12.12.04
Building up molecules, Prepare plastic with milk casein: 3.100
Bulk modulus, modulus of incompressibility, K: 34.5.03
Bumping, boiling chips: 7.9.12
Bunsen burner: 22.6.0
Burettes: 1.26
Burn, burning
Bustamite, calcium manganese silicate, MnCaSiO_6:35.3.3.1
Butadiene, buta-1,3-diene, CH₂:CHCH:CH₂, (conjugated diene, cis form in Diels-Alder reaction)
Butan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol, "butanol" refers to either butan-1-ol or butan-2-ol
Butan-1-ol, CH₃(CH₂)₃OH, n-butanol, 1-butanol, n-butyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, (primary alcohol, solvent)
Butan-2-ol, CH₃CH(OH)C₂H₅, sec-butanol, 2-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, (secondary alcohol, solvent)
Butanal, C₃H₇CHO, butyraldehyde, colourless, liquid, Toxic by all routes, Highly flammable
Butane, gas C₄H₁₀, compounds
Butanedioic acid, C₄H₆O₄, succinic acid
Butanedione, 2,3-butanedione, diacetyl: 16.3.9
Butane isomer is 2-methylpropane, CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₃, formerly "isobutane"
Butanoic acid, butyric acid, n-butyric acid, C₃H₇COOH
Butanol, C₄H₉OH, butyl alcohol, Harmful, highly flammable: 16.1.3.B
Butanone, CH₃COC₂H₅, ethyl methyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), sweet odour, Toxic by all routes, highly flammable
Butanone, Solution < 20% Not hazardous
Butene, butylene, C₄H₆, 1-butene CH₃CH₂CH:CH₂, but-2-ene CH₃CH:CHCH
Butenedioic acid, C₄H₆O₄, succinic acid
Butter: 19.2.24
Butyl, C₄H₉-
Butylamine
Butyric acid, C₃H₇COOH

Baking powder, baking soda
Baking powder: (sodium hydrogen carbonate + tartaric acid (cream of tartar) + other ingredients, substitutes yeast in pastry
Baking powder: 19.1.6.1
Baking and retention of nutrients: 19.3.4
Baking soda, sodium hydrogen carbonate, Prepare carbon dioxide with sour milk and baking soda: 19.1.7
Baking soda: 3.35.2
Prepare baking powder: 19.1.9
Tests for bicarbonates: 12.11.5.4
Prepare baking soda with sodium carbonate (washing soda): 12.1.27
Prepare carbon dioxide, alum with baking soda: 13.7.9

Barium, Ba, metal, Highly toxic if ingested or by skin contact, Barium (random PCS)
Barium, Table of the elements
Ba, Barium properties: 7.2.2.5
Barium chemical reactions: 12.2.3
Barium toxicity: 3.6.2
Group 5 tests for Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺: 12.11.4.5
Tests for barium: 12.11.3.10.5

Barium compounds
Barium acetate, barium ethanoate, Solution < 1%, Not Hazardous
Barium carbonate
Barium chloride, BaCl₂
Barium chromate, BaCrO₄
Barium fluoride
Barium hydrogen carbonate, Ba(HCO₃)₂, barium bicarbonate
Barium hydroxide
Barium manganate
Barium nitrate, barium (II) nitrate, Ba(NO₃)₂, nitrobarite, Oxidizing
Barium oxide, BaO, baryta, heavy spar, flux for craft, optical crown glass refractive index, cathode ray tube, lubricating oil
Barium perchlorate
Barium peroxide, BaO₂, barium dioxide, bleaching agent
Barium sulfate (VI), BaSO₄
Barium sulfide, Harmful if ingested
Barium sulfide, Solution < 25% Not hazardous
Barium thiosulfate. Harmful if ingested
Barytes, barite, BaSO₄, heavy spar

Barium carbonate (HARM 1564), BaCO₃, witherite, in lead ore veins, Solution < 25%,
Not hazardous
Barium carbonate pigment, (White 10) is a pigment of significant toxicity.
Barium carbonate, used for craft, barium oxide flux

Barium chloride, BaCl₂, Harmful if ingested, (HARM 1564), barium chloride-2-water, barium chloride hydrated, BaCl₂.2H₂O
Barium chloride dihydrate, BaCl₂.2H₂O, colourless, rhombic, odourless crystals or white granules, m.p. 925^oC.
Barium chloride, AAS Solution, For 0.1 M soln., 24.4 g in 1 L water
Barium chloride, Common ion effect, precipitate barium chloride from solution.: 17.5.5.4
Barium chloride, Solution < 1%, Not Hazardous, analytical reagent

Barium chromate, Extremely toxic if ingested, carcinogenic
Barium chromate, Solution < 1%, Not Hazardous
Barium chromate, BaCrO₄, for craft, in pyrotechnics, paint pigment, corrosion control, safety matches, with explosives as initiator.
Barium chromate pigment, (Yellow 31) is extremely toxic and carcinogenic.

Barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)₂, Barium hydroxide hydrated, Ba(OH)₂.8H₂O, baryta water, caustic baryta, Harmful if ingested
Barium hydroxide, Solution < 1%, Not Hazardous
Ba(OH)₂, barium hydroxide solution, (baryta water).
Barium hydroxide, (carbon dioxide into barium hydroxide solution),
Ionization of barium hydroxide, 12.17.3.2

Barium sulfate (VI), BaSO₄, barytes, barite, heavy spar, blanc fixe pigment extendor
Barium sulfate, barium white, blanc-fixe, fixed white, permanent white, barytes, heavy spar,
Barium sulfate, almost insoluble in water, forms heavy white precipitate, (X-ray contrast meal, soil analysis, lake paint pigments).
Barium sulfate pigment, (White 21) is a pigment of significant toxicity.

Bases: 7.9.8
Bases in the kitchen and laundry, washing powders, di-sodium tetraborate (III)-10-water (borax): 19.6.2
Prepare dilute bases: 5.3.2
Prepare acids and bases: 7.0
Properties of bases, strong bases: 12.7.0

Basic oxides
Acids and metallic oxides: 12.10.2.3
Alkalis with basic oxides, copper oxide: 12.7.5
Basic oxides (metal oxides) copper (II) oxide (copper oxide): 12.17.2
Oxides, acidic, basic, amphoteric, neutral and mixed oxides: 12.17.0H
Separate metals by reduction of metal oxides, ores: 10.10.0

Benzaldehyde, C₆H₅CHO, benzenecarbaldehyde, Harmful by all routes
Almond
Aromatic aldehydes and ketones: 16.3.4.0.10
Benzaldehyde, Solution < 25%, Not hazardous
Cyclic aldehydes, Prefix: formyl-, Suffix: -carbaldehyde, attached to benzene: benzaldehyde
Cinnamic acid, C₉H₁₀O2
Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Uroblilinogen, Multiple reagent strips

Benzene, C₆H₆, benzol, benzine, Extremely toxic by all routes, carcinogenic, Not permitted in schools
Benzene-1,4-diol, C₆H₄(OH)_2,hydroquinone, quinol, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene
Benzene-1,3-diol
Benzene-1,2-diol
Benzene-1,3-diol resorcinol, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene
Benzene: See diagram 16.1.1h: Octane number
Benzene-1,2,3-triol, pyrogallol, pyrogallic acid, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene
Benzene-1,3,5-triol, phloroglucinol
Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, phthalic acid
Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, phthalic anhydride
Benzene, Arenes, Compounds of benzene: 16.1.1.1b
Benzene, aromatics, benzene derivatives, ring systems, arenes: benzene, toluene, naphthalene: 16.3.4.0
Benzene compounds: See diagram 16.8.1
Benzenecarboxylate, benzoate
Benzenecarboxylic acid
Benzene hexachloride, BHC, C₆Cl₆, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, gammexane, organochlorine insecticide: 16.13.3
Benzene, Measure the size of the stearic acid molecule: 3.3.3
Benzene, Reactions of benzene: 16.8.1
Benzene ring: See diagram 16.3.4.4: Heterocyclic compounds
Benzenesulfonic acid, C₂₀H₁₅N₃O₅S₂, C₆H₅SO₂OH, Harmful if ingested
Benzenesulfonic acid, C₇H₆O₂, C₆H₅COOH
Halogenation of benzene: 13.4.6.1
Reactions of chlorine with benzene, dichlorbenzene, C₄H₄Cl_2:13.4.6

Benzoic acid, benzenecarboxylic acid
Benzoic acid, aromatic acids and their derivatives, e.g. benzoic acid (C₆H₅COOH), 16.3.4.0.11
Benzoic acid as preservatives or antimicrobials: 19.3.6.10
Crystal growth using an overhead projector: 24.1.17
Extraction of caffeine and benzoic acid from soft drinks, e.g. cola, lemonade: 16.8.3

Benzoyl, benzoyl group C₆H₅CO-
Benzoyl chloride, C₆H₅COCl, benzenecarbonyl chloride, Highly toxic by all routes, flammable, highly corrosive
Benzoyl chloride, reacts violently with some metals, e.g. iron
Benzoyl, benzenecarbonyl group: 16.1.3.7
Benzoyl peroxide, C₁₄H₁₀O₄, dibenzoyl peroxide, Harmful by skin contact, highly flammable, Not permitted in schools
Benzoyl peroxide, Solution < 20%, Not hazardous

Benzyl
Benzyl acetate
Benzyl alcohol, "BnOH", phenylmethanol, phenyl carbinol, C₆H₅CH₂OH, colourless, solvent, pleasant odour, in jasmine
Benzyl alcohol, Harmful if ingested
Benzyl alcohol, Solution < 20% Not hazardous
Benzylamine, C₆H₅CH₂NH₂, α-aminitoluene, phenylmethylamine
Benzyl benzoate, phenylmethylbenzoate
Benzyl bromide, α-bromotoluene, Highly toxic by all routes
Benzyl bromide, Solution < 20% Not hazardous
Benzyl chloride, α-chlorotoluene, Highly toxic by all routes
Benzyl chloride, Solution < 20% Not hazardous
Benzyl penicillin sodium salt, penicillin G, antibiotic

Beryllium, Be, alkaline earth metal, metal, flakes, powder, Highly toxic, Not permitted in schools
Beryllium, Table of the elements,
Beryl, Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)_6, beryllium ore, green beryl is emerald and blue-green beryl is aquamarine, cyclosilicates
Beryl (Latin: aqua water, marine sea) blue-green colour of the sea
Beryllium chloride, Highly toxic, Not permitted in schools
Beryllium hydroxide, Be(OH)₂, amphoteric
Beryllium oxide, BeO, beryllia, bromellite
Beryllium sulfate
Chrysoberyl, BeO.Al₂O₃
Emerald, Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆, natural emeralds always contain inclusions, but not if produced from seed crystal

Bismuth, Bi, Harmful if ingested, shot, fine particles easily ignited
Bismuth mineral, natural bismuth, Bi, cubic crystals
Bismuth, Table of the elements
Bi, Bismuth properties: 7.2.2.6
Bismuth chemical reactions: 12.2.4
"Hopper crystals" are iridescent artificial bismuth crystals with a hollow centres, m.p. 271^oC.
Tests for bismuth: 12.11.3.10.6

Bismuth compounds
Bismuth (III) chloride, BiCl₃, bismuth chloride, bismuth trichloride, Harmful if ingested
Bismuth chloride, For 0.17 M soln., 53 g in 1 litre of dilute HCl, 1 part conc. HCl to 5 parts water
Bismuth chloride oxide, bismuthyl chloride
Bismuth carbonate, bismuth subcarbonate, Harmful if ingested
Bismuth nitrate, Bi(NO₃)₃.5H₂O, For 0.083 M soln., 40 g in 1 litre of dilute HNO₃, 1 part conc. HNO₃ to 5 parts water
Bismuth oxide, Bi₂O₃, bismuth (III) oxide, bismuth (V) oxide, bismite mineral, bismuth ochre,
Harmful if ingestedBismuth oxychloride, BiOCl, pearl white pigment
Bismuth oxynitrate
Bismuth trichloride
Bismuthinite mineral, bismuth sulfide crystal
Hydrolysis of bismuth chloride: 17.5.5.1
Reactions of bismuth compounds: 12.2.4

Bleach, household bleach, disinfectants, deodorizers: 12.12.11
Bleach flowers with sulfur dioxide: 3.51.4
Bleaches in detergents: 12.12.04
Bleaching agents, food additive: 19.4.4.11
Bleaching powder: 13.4.4
Calcium hypochlorite
Chlorine gas, Cl_2:13.1.6
Hydrogen peroxide
Sodium chlorate
Sodium hydrogen sulfite, skin irritant
Sodium hypochlorite, household bleach, domestic bleach, swimming pool chemical
Sodium perborate bleach, synthetic detergents (syndets): 12.12.03.4
Prepare oxygen gas with household bleach, sodium hypochlorite, or bleaching powder: 12.12.8
Reaction of acetone with bleaching powder: 16.1.14.1
Reaction of ethyl alcohol with bleaching powder: 16.1.14.2
Tests for chlorine, lighted splint test, bleaching test: 13.4.3

Bonds, chemical bonds: 3.01.0
Bond energy, (bond strength): 3.01.8
Bonds, Chemical bonds, Elements and chemical reactions: 7.2.2
Hydrogen bonding in liquids, liquids with different viscosity: 3.2.1

Borax Na₂B₄O₇.10 H₂O, borax decahydrate, sodium tetraborate decahydrate, sodium borate decahydrate, Harmful
Borax mineral: 35.13.3.1
Bases in the kitchen and laundry, washing powders, di-sodium tetraborate (III)-10-water (borax): 19.6.2
Bath cleaning: 19.6.4
Borax bead test to identify metals in metallic salts and minerals: 12.11.3.1
Boric acid, ionization reaction: 12.10
Borosilicate glass, Pyrex: 7.9.10
Clean silver plate with borax and soap solution.
Inorganic chemical insecticides: 16.13.2.0 (See 1.)
Prepare soap, household soap: 19.6.6

Boron, B, Highly toxic by all routes, keep demonstration lump, not powder, keep specimen in sealed glass container
Boron, Table of the elements
Boron deficiency: 6.9.15.4 (Agriculture)
Boron properties: 7.2.2.7
Boron toxicity: 3.6.3
Deficiency symptoms and fertilizing the soil: 5.35.1 (See 8. Boron)

Boric acid, H₃BO₃, boracic acid, orthoboric acid (eye medicine, buffer), AAS Solution, Harmful if ingested
Boric acid, ionization reaction, prepare boric acid crystals: 12.10.0
Boric acid, standard buffer solutions: 5.0
Boric acid, thermal decomposition: 3.30.9
Tests for borates: 12.11.5.5
Boron tribromide
Boron trichloride

Breakdown large molecules to small molecules: 3.95
Breakdown ethanol to ethene (ethylene): 3.96
Breakdown polymers using heat: 3.97
Breakdown starch during germination: 9.112
Breakdown starch to sugar: 17.4.1
Breakdown starch to sugars: 3.95
Breakdown starch to sugars, hydrolysis of starch, iodine test, Fehling's test: 16.10.1

Breath test for alcohol, for carbon dioxide
Breath analyser, breath tests for alcohol using a breath analyser ("breathalyser"): 15.2.12
Breath test, breath tests for alcohol with potassium dichromate: 15.2.11
Breath test, test the breath for carbon dioxide: 3.34.2

Brilliant dyes
Brilliant blue (CI: 42655)
Brilliant blue G (CI: 42655)
Brilliant blue R (CI: 42660)
Brilliant cresyl blue (CI: 51010)
Brilliant crystal scarlet (CI: 26905)
Brilliant green (CI: 42040)
Brilliant red (CI. 18105)
Brilliant yellow (CI. 24890)
Synthetic food colours approved for use in Australia: 19.4.4.1

Bromine, Br, bromide ion Br^-, gas Br₂, Toxic by all routes, extremely irritant vapour, Not permitted in schools
Bromine, Table of the elements, Br
Bromine catalyses the oxidation of sulfur to sulfuric acid: 17.3.13
Bromine experiments: 12.19.9
Bromides, (bromides as sedatives), hazards: 3.7.1
Bromine ions, double autocatalytic reaction with bromine ions: 17.3.7
Bromine, oxidizing agent: 15.2.2.1
Bromine products (used in swimming pools): 18.7.19
Bromine properties: 7.2.2.8

Bromine water, bromine solution, Br₂ (aq), Toxic by all routes
Bromine water, < 0.1% solution, Not hazardous but not be ingested, use eye and skin protection
Bromocresol green: 5.6.2.1
Catalytic cracking of kerosene: 10.6.4
Methyl bromide, bromoethane, CH₃Br: 12.19.5.2
Open bromine gas ampoule: 12.19.9.1.2
Prepare bromine water: 12.19.9.1.1
Reactions of benzene, C₆H₆: 16.8.1
Reactions of manganese (II) salts: 12.8.1
Reactions of the nitrites, NO₂^-: 12.11.1 (See 6.)
Tests for unsaturated fats, bromine water test: 16.4.7.1
Tests for unsaturated hydrocarbons, bromine water test: 16.4.7.0

Bromides
Organic bromo compounds, e.g. benzyl bromide
Prepare potassium bromide: 12.19.9.5
Reactions of bromides: 12.19.9.6
Reactions of bromine: 12.19.9.1
Reactions of bromine water: 12.19.9.2
Reactions of hydrogen bromide: 12.19.9.4
Sulfur oxidized to sulfuric acid, bromine catalyst: 17.3.13
Tests for bromides: 12.11.5.6
Tetrabromophenolphthalein, C₂₀H₁₀Br₄O₄, disodium salt dye for X-ray examinations

Buffer solutions
Buffer solutions: 7.9.11
Food buffers, food additive, E355, food acid, raising agent: 19.4.4.12
Prepare buffer solutions: 12.10.7
Prepare standard buffer solutions: 5.0

Butane gas, C₄H₁₀, n-butane, gas, (in cigarette lighters and portable gas appliances), Highly flammable
Butane / Oxygen Combustion: See pdf
Burn butane bubbles: 19.1.2.1
Octane, (C₈H₁₈), octane number: 16.1.1h
Packaging gases, propellants, food additive: 19.4.4.22
Prepare butane: 16.1.1d

Butane compounds
cis-butane-1,4-dioic acid, maleic acid
cis-butane-1,4-dioic anhydride, maleic anhydride
trans-butane-1,4-dioic acid, fumaric acid

Butanoic acid, C₃H₇COOH, butyric acid, n-butyric acid, (use < 10 mL),
Harmful by all routes: 16.3.6.1.6
Butanoic acid, Solution <5%, Not hazardous
Butyric acid (COR 2820), n-butyric acid, butanoic acid, ethylacetic acid, methylethylketone
Butyric acid fermentation: 6.6.19

Butenedioic acid, C₄H₄O₄, HCOOHC:CHCOOH, (CH₂)₂(COOH)₂, cis and trans forms
Butenedioic acid, cis form, Toxic if ingested
Butenedioic acid, trans form: trans-butenedioic acid, fumaric acid, Toxic if ingested
Butenedioic acid, Solution < 20% Not hazardous

Burn: 8.0 (Primary)
Burn candle over water (Primary): 6.35
Burn magnesium ribbon in oxygen: 13.3.4
Burn methane, Tests for methane gas, burn methane: 16.1.1a.02
Burn money, (Monopoly money, fake money), ethanol: 8.6.1
Burn substances in chlorine: 13.4.8
Burn steel wool in oxygen, burn iron filings: 13.3.3
Burn sulfur in oxygen: 13.3.2
Burn to make carbon, (Primary): 5.43
Collect and weigh the gaseous products of a burning candle: 3.28.4
Heat and temperature: 22.2.0
Tests for plastics, natural fibres and synthetic fibres: 3.102

Butanedioic acid, C₄H₆O₄, succinic acid, (succinates), spirit of amber, colourless crystals, in citric acid cycle: 16.3.6.1.8
Butenedioic acid, C₄H₄O₄, HCOOHC:CHCOOH, (CH₂)₂(COOH)₂, cis and trans forms

Butyl, (a) butyl, n-butyl, CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-
Butyl, (b) 1-methylpropyl, sec-butyl, CH₃-CH₂-CH(CH₃)-
Butyl, (c) 2-methylpropyl, isobutyl, (CH₃)₂CH-CH₂-
Butyl, (d) 1,1-dimethylethyl, tert-butyl, CH₃)₃C-
Butyl alcohol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, t-Butyl alcohol, alcohols: 16.1.3.B
Butan-1-ol, CH₃(CH₂)₃OH, (C₄H₉OH), (primary alcohol), 1-butanol, n-butanol, n-butyl alcohol, n-propyl carbinol
Butan-2-ol, CH₃CH(OH)C₂H₅, (C₄H₉OH), (secondary alcohol), secondary butyl alcohol, s-butyl alcohol, butanol, butyl alcohol
tert-butyl alcohol, (CH₃)₃COH, 2-methyl-2-propanol, tert-butanol, 2-methylpropan-2-ol, Harmful by all routes, flammable
Butyl amine, n-butyl amine, 1-aminobutane, butylamine, butylamineN-(2-aminoethyl)-1-naphthylamine
Butyl amine, Solution < 20%, Not hazardous
Butyl bromide, tert, 2-bromo-2-methylpropane, 1-bromobutane, n-butyl bromide
Butyl butanoate, butyl butyrate, Flammable
Butyl, C₄H₉-, CH₃(CH₂)₃-, from butanes
Butyl chloride, t-Butyl chloride, 1-chlorobutane. (2-chloro-2-methylpropane) with sodium hydroxide, rainbow reactions: 5.6.12
Butyl ethanoate, butyl acetate, Highly flammable.
Butyl methanoate, n-butyl formate, Highly flammable
Butyl phthalate. di-n-butyl phthalate
Butyl propanoate, butyl propionate, Highly flammable
Dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
n-butyl bromide, 1-bromobutane.
n-butyl iodide, 1-iodobutane.
n-butyl chloride, 1-chlorobutane.
n-butyl amine, 1-aminobutane, butyl amine, n-butyl amine, Harmful by all routes, highly corrosive, flammable
n-butyl amine, Solution <20%, Not hazardous
sec-butyl bromide, 2-bromobutane
tert-butylbromide, 2-bromo-2-methyl propane,
tert-butyl alcohol, (CH₃)₃COH, 2-methyl-2-propanol, tert-butanol, 2-methylpropan-2-ol, Harmful by all routes, flammable
tert-butyl alcohol, t-Butyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol.
tert-butyl alcohol, Solution <25%, Not hazardous