| alc. | alcohol | L |
litre |
| alk. | alkali | M |
molar conc, e.g. 2 M (2 molar) |
| aq. | water | m.p. | melting point |
| bp, b.p. |
boiling point | max. | maximum |
| cryst. | crystals | min. | minimum |
| decomp. | decomposes | mL | millilitre |
| del. | deliquescent | mm | millimetre (10-3 m) |
| dil. | dilute | non-vol. | non-volatile |
| fp, f.p. |
freezing point | org. | organic |
| g / mL | r.d. | ox. | oxidized |
| g | gram | polyp. | polypropylene |
| ign. | ignition | ppt. | precipitate |
| ind. | indicator | PVC | polyvinyl chloride |
| inorg. | inorganic | soln. | solution |
| insol. | insoluble | W / V | weight to volume ratio |
| kg. | kilogram | W / W | weight to weight ratio |
| Substance, formula | Concentration M, dissolve amount below then dilute to 1 litre with water. |
| Aluminium chloride, AlCl3.6H2O | 0.1 M, 24 g of hydrated salt in water |
| Aluminium sulfate, Al2(SO4)3.18H2O | 0.l M, 66 g of hydrated salt in water |
| Ammonia, NH3 (aq) or NH4OH | 2 M, dilute 330 mL of 10% soln. |
| Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl | 5 M, 270 g in water |
| Ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3.3H2O | 2 M, 300 g in 450 mL 10% NH3, then dilute |
| Ammonium iron (II) sulfate | 0.1 M, 39.2 g in water, add 5 mL concentrated H2SO4 |
| Ammonium oxalate, C2O4(NH4)2.2H2O | 0.1 M, 16 g in water |
| Ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4 | 0.1 M, 13.2 g in water |
| Barium chloride, BaCl2.2H2O | 0.1 M, 24.4 g in water |
| Bismuth chloride, BiCl3 |
0.17 M, 53 g in 1 litre of dilute HCl, 1 part concentrated HCl to 5 parts water |
| Bismuth nitrate, Bi(NO3)3.5H2O | 0.083 M, 40 g in 1 litre of dilute HNO3, 1 part concentrated HNO3 to 5 parts water |
| Calcium chloride, CaCl2, anhydrous | 0.l M, 11 g in water |
| Calcium chloride, CaCl2.2H2O | 0.1 M, 14.7 g |
| Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 | Limewater, 10 g in water, shake, allow it to settle, decant clear liquid |
| Calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2 | 0.1 M, 16.4 g in water |
| Calcium sulfate, CaSO4.2H2O | 0.1 M, Shake 10 g in water, leave to stand, decant the clear liquid |
| Cobalt (II) chloride-6-water, CoCl2.6H2O | 0.1 M, 23.8 g in water |
| Cobalt nitrate, Co(NO3)2.6H2O | 0.1 M, 29 g in water |
| Copper (II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2.6H2O |
0.1 M, 29.6 g in water |
| Copper (II) sulfate, CuSO4.5H2O |
0.1 M, 25 g in water + 5 mL concentrated sulfuric acid |
| Copper (II) sulfate, CuSO4.5H2O | 0.5 M, 124.8 g in water + 5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid |
| Iron (II) ammonium sulfate, Fe(NH4SO4)2.6H2O | 0.5 M, 196 g in water + 10 mL concentrated H2SO4, dilute to 1 litre |
| Iron (III) chloride, FeCl3.6H2O |
0.1 M, 27 g in water + 20 mL hydrochloric acid |
| Iron (III) chloride, FeCl3.6H2O | 0.5 M, 135.2 g in water + 20 mL concentrated HCl, dilute to 1 litre |
| Iron (III) nitrate, Fe(NO3)3.9H2O | 0.1 M, 40.4 g in water |
| Iron (II) sulfate, FeSO4.7H2O |
0.1 M, 27.8 g in water + 1 mL concentrated H2SO4
to clear |
| Iron (II) sulfate | 0.5 M, 139 g in water + 10 mL concentrated H2SO4, dilute to 1 litre |
| Iron (III) sulfate, Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O |
0.1 M, 56 g in water |
| Iron (III) sulfate | 0.25 M, 140.5 g in water + 100 mL concentrated H2SO4, dilute to 1 litre. |
| Lead ethanoate, (CH3COO)2Pb.3H2O | 0.1 M, 38 g in water + dilute ethanoic acid to clear |
| Lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 | 0.1 M, 33 g in water |
| Magnesium chloride, MgCl2.6H2O | 0.1 M, 20.3 g in water |
| Magnesium nitrate, Mg(N03)2.6H2O | 0.1 M, 25.6 g in water |
| Magnesium sulfate, MgSO4.7H2O | 0.1 M, 24.7 g in water |
| Manganese sulfate, MnSO4.H2O | 0.1 M, 16.9 g in water |
| Nickel chloride, NiCl2.6H2O | 0.1 M, 24 g in water |
| Potassium bromide, KBr | 0.1 M, 12 g in water |
| Potassium carbonate, K2CO3 | 0.1 M, 13.8 g in water |
| Potassium chloride, KCl | 0.1 M, 7.5 g in water |
| Potassium dichromate | 0.1 M, 29.4 g in water, (K2Cr2O7) |
| Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate | 0.1 M, 13.6 g in water, (KH2PO4) |
| Potassium hydroxide, KOH | 2 M, 112 g in water. Use gloves. |
| Potassium hydroxide, KOH | 2 M, 110 g of KOH sticks |
| Potassium iodide, KI | 0.1 M, 16.6 g in water |
| Potassium nitrate, KNO3 | 0.1 M, 10.l g in water |
| Potassium permanganate, KMnO4 | 0.1 M, 15.8 g in water |
| Potassium sulfate, K2SO4 | 0.1 M, 17.4 g in water |
| Silver nitrate, AgNO3 | 0.1 M, 17 g in water |
| Sodium borate, Na2B4O7.l0H2O | 0.1 M, 38 g in water |
| Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.10H2O | 0.1 M, 28.6 g in water |
| Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, (anhydrous) | 0.1 M, 10.6 g in water |
| Sodium chloride, NaCl | 0.1 M, 5.8 g in water |
| Sodium chromate, Na2CrO4.4H2O | 0.1 M, 23.4g in water |
| Sodium dichromate, Na2Cr207.2H2O | 0.1 M, 29.8 g in water |
| Sodium ethanoate, CH3COONa.3H2O | 00.1 M, 13.6 g in water, (sodium acetate) |
| Sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3 | 0.1 M, 8.4 g in water |
| Sodium iodide, NaI | 0.1 M, 15 g in water |
| Sodium molybdate, Na2MoO4.2H2O | 0.1 M, 24.2 g in water |
| Sodium nitrate, NaNO3 | 0.1 M, 8.5 g in water |
| Sodium nitrite, NaNO2 | 0.1 M, 7 g in water |
| Sodium oxalate, Na2C2O4 | 0.1 M, 13.4 g in water |
| Sodium sulfate, Na2SO4.10H2O |
0.1 M, 32.2 g in water |
| Sodium sulfide, Na2S.9H2O | 0.5 M 120 g in water and dilute to 1 litre |
| Sodium sulfite, Na2SO3.6H2O | 0.1 M, 23.4 g in water |
| Sodium sulfite, Na2SO3, (anhydrous) | 0.1 M, 12.6 g in water |
| Sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3.5H2O | 0.1 M, 24.8 g in water |
| Strontium (II) chloride, SrCl2.6H2O | 0.1 M, 26.7 g in water |
| tri-Sodium phosphate, Na3PO4.12H2O | 0.1 M, 38 g in water |
| Tin (II) chloride, SnCl2.2H2O |
0.5 M, 113 g in 170 mL concentrated HCl, dilute to 1 litre + tin foil |
| Tin (IV) chloride, SnCl2.5H2O | 0.1 M, 35 g in water |
| Zinc sulfate, ZnSO4.7H2O | 0.1 M, 28.8 g in water |
| Serial number |
Pigment name |
C.I. number |
| 1. | C.I. Pigment Green 7 (Y) | 74260 |
| 2. | C.I. Pigment Green 7 (B) | 74260 |
| 3. | C.I. Pigment Blue 15.0 | 74160 |
| 4. | C.I. Pigment Blue 15.3 (G) | 74160 |
| 5. | C.I. Pigment Blue 15.3 (R) | 74160 |
| 6. | C.I. Pigment Yellow 1 | 11680 |
| 7. | C.I. Pigment Yellow 3 | 11710 |
| 8. | C.I. Pigment Yellow 12 | 21090 |
| 9. | C.I. Pigment Yellow 13 | 21100 |
| 10. | C.I. Pigment Yellow 14 | 21095 |
| 11. | C.I. Pigment Yellow 17 | 21105 |
| 12. | C.I. Pigment Yellow 62 | . |
| 13. | C.I. Pigment Yellow 74 | 11741 |
| 14. | C.I. Pigment Yellow 83 | 21108 |
| 15. | C.I. Pigment Red 2 | 12310 |
| 16. | C.I. Pigment Red 3 (Y) | 12120 |
| 17. | C.I. Pigment Red 3 (B) | 12120 |
| 18. | C.I. Pigment Red 4 | 12085 |
| 19. | C.I. Pigment Red 48.1 | 15865.2 |
| 20. | C.I. Pigment Red 48.2 | 15865.2 |
| 21. | C.I. Pigment Red 48.3 | 15865.3 |
| 22. | C.I. Pigment Red 48.4 | 15865.4 |
| 23. | C.I. Pigment Red 52.2 | 15860.2 |
| 24. | C.I. Pigment Red 49.1 | 15630.1 |
| 25. | C.I. Pigment Red 53.1 | 15585.1 |
| 26. | C.I. Pigment Red 57.1 (Y) | 15850.1 |
| 27. | C.I. Pigment Red 57.1 (B) | 15850.1 |
| 28. | C.I. Pigment Red 112 | 12370 |
| 29. | C.I. Pigment Red 146 | 12485 |
| 30. | C.I. Pigment Red 170 | 12475 |
| 31. | C.I. Pigment Orange 5 | 12075 |
| 32. | C.I. Pigment Orange 13 | 21110 |
| 33. | C.I. Pigment Orange 34 | 21115 |
| 34. | C.I. Pigment Violet 23 (R) | 51319 |
| 35. | C.I. Pigment Violet 23(B) | 51319 |