School Science Lessons
2009-11-03
Please send comments to: J.Elfick@uq.edu.au
Table of contents
Topic 1. Science, maths and technology
Topic 2. The role of practical work
Topic 3. What makes an activity scientific? (Primary)
Biology - Solutions, media, microscopes
Chemistry - Chemicals and preparation instructions
Equipment
Greek alphabet
Safety
Science syllabuses
Biology - Solutions, media, microscopes
1.0 Biology solutions
2.0 Microscopy adhesives
3.0 Microscopy stains
4.0 Biology fixatives
4.7 Insect fixing fluids
5.0 Standard buffer solutions
6.0 Culture media for routine cultivation and identification of fungi
2.22.0 Microscopes
Chemistry - Chemicals and preparation instructions
7.0 Preparation instructions for acids and bases
8.0 Preparation instructions for salt solutions
9.0 Flammable organic chemicals
10.0 CHEMICALS PROHIBITED FOR SCHOOL USE
11.0 High toxicity chemicals
12.0 Cryogenic solids and liquids
13.0 Abbreviations
14.0 Prefixes and suffixes
14.0 Prefixes and suffixes
15.0 Different classifications of hazardous chemicals
Acid-base indicators
7.2.2 Elements and chemical reactions
Periodic table
Table of the elements
11.0 Activated carbon (commercial information)
Equipment
2.1.0 Equipment, care
1.28.0 Simple equipment
2.15.0 Glass
1.12.0 Low-cost equipment
2.31.0 Soldering
7.0 Tools for electrical experiments
8.0 Electrical experiments equipment
10.0 Science teaching support systems and facilities
UNESCO List of equipment
Safety
Topic 3 Laboratory safety
Safety equipment
8.0 Electrical experiments equipment
8.1 Balls
8.2 Metallic sheets, plates, foils
8.3 Threads and cords
8.4 Wire diameters, SWG
8.5 Wires, nails and rods
8.6 Prepare electrolyte for a lead accumulator cell
7.0 Tools for electrical experiments
Cable knife
Circular level, 35 mm
Coil of soldering wire, 2 mm
Combination pliers, 185 mm, chrome plated, insulated
Combination pliers, length 160 mm
Hammer (engineer hammer) 200 g
Pincers, length 230 mm
Plumb bob metal, cord length 1000 mm
Rosin soldering wire, d = 1 mm
Scissors, 180 mm, universal (e.g. for metal sheet) black
Screw holder, 140 x 6 mm
Screwdriver, 125 mm x 7 mm, for slotted screws, plastic handle
Screwdriver, width 3 mm, with plastic handle
Screwdriver, 100 mm x 4 mm, for slotted screws, plastic handle
Screwdriver, size 2, for phillips screws, plastic handle
Side cutting pliers, 145 mm, chrome plated, insulated
Soldering iron, 220 v, 50 w
Spanner, 8 mm, plastic handle
Spirit level, length 200 mm
T-handle socket spanner, 5.5 mm, plastic handle
Telephone pliers, 165 mm, chrome plated, insulated
Voltage tester, screw-driver with discharge lamp, for voltages between 135 to 240 v
Watchmaker screwdriver, set of 6 Wire stripper, 165 mm, chrome plated, insulated
8.1 Balls
Steel balls
Bearing balls, hardened and polished, 25 mm, 19 mm, 13 mm, 2 mm
Lead shot 3 mm
8.2 Metallic sheets, plates, foils
Aluminium foil
Aluminium plate
Aluminium sheet
Copper sheet
Lead sheet, for analyses
Silver sheet
Steel plate
Steel sheet
Tin foil
Zinc sheet
8.3 Threads and cords
Silk thread, sewing silk
Nylon thread, 0.4 mm
Fishing line, diameter 0.7 mm, 0.5 mm
Cotton cord 2.5 mm
PVC cord 3 mm
8.4 Wire diameter, SWG
Diameters of wires are measured in terms of Standard Wire Gauge, SWG (UK, Australia) or Brown and Sharpe (B & S) (American Wire Gauge). SWG 50 is the smallest gauge. Cable sizes are shown as follows: 14/36 = 14 strands of 36 SWG wire to carry 2 amps for internal lighting in a motor car, or 61/20 = 61 strands of 20 SWG wires to carry 150 amps suitable for 6 volt starter motors in a car.
Wire Gauge Conversion
AWG = American Wire Gauge, inches as decimals of an inch excluding the metric numbers
AWG = American Wire Gauge, Metric wire gauge is 10 times the diameter in millimetres and shown as "MM"
BandS = Brown and Sharpe, inches
SWG = Imperial Standard Wire Gauge (British legal standard) inches
SWG. Wire No. AWG
or BandS		 AWG
metric
Inches Gauge Inches m.m.
0.300 1 0.289 297 7 348
0.276 2 0.257 627 6 543
0.252 3 0.229 423 5 827
0.232 4 0.2 043 5 189
0.2 120 5 0.1 819 4 621
0.1 920 6 0.1 620 4 115
0.1 760 7 0.1 443 3 665
0.1 600 8 0.1 285 3 264
0.1 440 9 0.1 144 2 906
0.1 280 10 0.1 019 2 588
0.1 160 11 0.0 907 2 304
0.1 040 12 0.0 808 2 052
0.0 920 13 0.0 720 1 829
0.0 800 14 0.0 641 1 628
0.0 720 15 0.0 571 1 450
0.0 640 16 0.0 508 1 291
- - - -
0.0 010 50 0.0 010 0.0 254
8.5 Wires, nails and rods
Chrome-nickel wire 0.1 mm
Constantan wire 15.6 ohm / m, 6.9 ohm / m, 0.98 ohm / m
Copper wire 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm
Copper wire, insulated 0.6 mm
Copper wire, lacquered 0.6 mm
Hooks, s-shape
Iron wires, pack of 20
Iron wire 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm
Iron nails, pack of 25 1.6 mm, length 35 mm.
Iron rods, flexible, 2.0 mm
Iron wire, notched diameter 1.2 mm, copper plated
Kanthal wire 19.1 ohm / m 0.3 mm
Knitting needles 2.0 mm
Metal rods, Cu, Al, Fe
Nickel wire 0.3 mm
Platinum wire on glass rod 0.15 mm
Platinum wire 0.15 mm, 0.3 mm
Silver wire 0.5 mm
Spring steel wires, pack of 20
Suspension wire 30 n (tungsten wire) 0.1 mm
Wire 27.9 ohm / m 0.25 mm
Wood splints, pack of 100
8.6 Prepare electrolyte for a lead accumulator cell
Be careful! Use safety glasses and nitrile chemical-resistant gloves! Wear protective clothing. Follow the recommendations of the manufacturers for filling and initial charging that is usually printed on the battery
The relative density of sulfuric is fully charged 1.28, half charged, 1.21, discharged 1.15. Slowly add concentrated sulfuric acid, with stirring, to a strong beaker two thirds full of deionized water or distilled water, until the solution almost boils. Leave to cool and add more acid until the solution almost boils. Leave to cool to room temperature. Adjust the relative density by adding more acid or more water, according to the hydrometer reading. When the cell is not in use, use a jar with a cover to prevent drying by evaporation.
9.0 Physics syllabus, Atomic structure, nuclear structure and radioactivity, modern physics (Headings only)
1.0 Quantum Effects
1.1 Photoelectric Effect
1.2 Millikan Oil Drop experiment
1.3 Compton Effect
1.4 Wave Mechanics
1.5 Particle/Wave Duality
1.6 X-ray and Electron Diffraction
1.7 Condensed Matter
2.0 Atomic Physics
2.1 Spectra
2.2 Absorption
2.3 Resonance Radiation
2.4 Fine splitting
2.5 Ionization Potential
2.6 Electron Properties, estimation of the mass of the electron from radius of curvature in a known solenoid coil field strength
2.7 Atomic Models
3.0 Nuclear Physics
3.1 Radioactivity
3.2 Nuclear Reactions
3.3 Particle Detectors
3.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
3.5 Models of the Nucleus
4.0 Relativity
4.1 Special Relativity
4.2 General Relativity
5.0 Elementary Particles
10.0 Science teaching support systems and facilities
1. Blackboard Tools
2. Audio equipment
3. Slide Projectors
4. Film Projectors
5. Overhead Projectors
6. Video and Computer Projection
7. Photography equipment
8. X-Y, Chart Recorders
9. Computer Programs
10. Motors
11. Pumps
12. Vacuum equipment
13. Ripple Tank
11.0 Activated carbon [commercial information]
Wood charcoal is formed by destructive distillation of wood. Charcoals are used to purify gases and liquids, e.g. coconut shell charcoal. Animal charcoal is made from bones and is used for sugar refining.
Activated carbon water filters are fast acting and very effective in removing unpleasant taste and odours from water. They are made from coal, coconut, lignite and wood. These materials are heated to extreme temperatures in the absence of oxygen, leaving millions of microscopic pores for contaminants to be absorbed. There are three main types of carbon filters: Paper wound, Granular (GAC) Carbon Block.
The effectiveness of a carbon filter depends on the carbon used, the design and how slowly water is passed through the filter. Cartridges are usually micron rated and have different sediment holding capabilities. As cartridges go from coarser to finer in their filtration rating, they become less efficient in sediment holding. On fine or sub micron carbon filters a 5 to 3 micron sediment filter should be fitted before the carbon filter to prevent plugging.
Cartridge examples: A: Matrix CTO 10 um. A high quality carbon block filter with good sediment retention and chlorine removal ability. B: Matrix Pb1 1 um. A high quality carbon block filter with iron exchange media to reduce dissolved lead and other heavy metals. Effective on water that has Giardia and Cryptosporidium present. C: GAC 10 um. A granular activated carbon filter. Offers good chlorine reduction with a good flow rate.