Biology
Dicotyledons, A to C
Updated: 2008-05-05

---

Table of contents
Alphabetic listing of scientific names (,genus and species,) and common names of Dicotyledons
Names of flowering plants: A. | B. | C. | D. | E. | F. | G. | H. | I. | J. | K. | L. | M. | N. | O. | P. | Q. | R. | S. | T. | U. | V. | W. | X. | Y. | Z. |

---

Flowering plants (angiosperms) Dicotyledons, Phylum Magnoliophyta
Scientific name, common name, Family, country of origin or where now found, habit (use) [botanical interest]
A.
Acmenosperma claviflorum, Myrtaceae
Abelia chinensis abelia, deciduous evergreen shrub, Caprifoliaceae
Abelmoschus esculentus (Hibiscus esculentus,) okra, lady's finger, gumbo, aibika, musk mallow, vegetable and annual, perennial, Asia and Africa tropics [musk-scented seeds] (traditional medicine) Malvaceae
Abronia ,umbellate sand verbena, trailing and spreading annuals and perennials, western North America [delcate bracts] Nyctaginaceae
Abrus precatorius, crab's eye, jequirity bean, jumbie bead, rosary pea, precatory bean (toxic, traditional medicine) [alkaloids] Leguminosae
Abutilon Theophrasti, China jute, Indian mallow, Chinese lantern, Brazilian bell-flower, South America [rug-making fibres, weed] Malvaceae
Acacia, acacia,. wattles, zig zag wattle, black brush, catechu, babul, trees and shrubs, Australia, South Africa (gum arabic, tannin bark, gum arabic, tannins, balsams, resins) [seedlings have pinnate leaves replaced, older plants by phyllodes, i.e. green flattened petioles, leaf base forms pulvinus to turn lamina] (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia aneura, mulga wattle, acacia gum wild gum plant food, Australia (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia armata [stipular spines] (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia bakeri, rainforest tree (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia cambagei, gidgee [density 1.35](Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia discolor [twice pinnately-compound lamina] (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia gonocarpa ,wattle (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia horrida, buffalo acacia, East Africa [large thorns] (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia iteaphylla, Flinders Ranges wattle, Western Australia (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia linifolia, flax wattle (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia longifolia, long leaves [flattened petioles forms phyllodes] (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia mearnsii, black wattle tree (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia pycnantha, golden wattle (national floral emblem of Australia) (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia senegal, acacia [E414 Acacia gum, gum arabic] (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia sophorae, coast wattle, wild food plant, Australia (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia sphaerocephala, bull's horn acacia [large thorns that provide shelter for ants] (Mimosoideae) Leguminosae
Acacia tetragonophylla, dead finish, kurara, sharp-pointed needle-like leaves (tannins for traditional medicine) Leguminosae
Acaena sanguisorbae ,Southern hemisphere [prickly burry fruits] Rosaceae
Acalpha ,hispida chenille plant, red hot cat tail, India, tropical shrub [callus formation on cut stem] Euphorbiaceae
Acalpha wilkensiana ,copper leaf, beefsteak plant, Fiji, tropical shrub, Euphorbiaceae
Acamptopappus, goldenhead, Asteraceae
Acantholimon, spiny shrubs and herbs, Iran, Plumbaginaceae
Acanthomintha, thorn-mint, Lamiaceae
Acanthocereus, triangle cactus, Cactaceae
Acanthospermum, starburr, Asteraceae
Acanthus, mollis shape of leaf on Corinthian Greek column capitals, perennials and shrubs from Africa, Asia and Mediterranean region, Acanthaceae
Acanthus, spinosus acanthus, bear's breeches [spiny leaves and bracts] Acanthaceae
Acer, campestre common maple tree, oregon maple, wine, juice, samara fruit, deciduous, evergreen trees mainly, East Asia [sucrose is chief food reserve, dissolved, cell sap] Aceraceae
Acer palmatum, Japanese maple, ornamental tree [hand-like leaves] Aceraceae
Acer polymorphum, maple [palmately-lobed lamina] Aceraceae
Acer pseudoplatanus, sycamore tree, great maple, plane tree Aceraceae
Acer saccharum sugar maple, used to make maple syrup and maple sugar, herbal medicine Aceraceae
Achillea millefollium, yarrow, "thousand leaved", milfoil, nosebleed, herbal remedy, sneezewort, a snuff, carpenter's wort, fern-like foliage, Northern hemisphere, ornamental, Asteraceae
Achimenes, hot water plant, perennial, Gesneriaceae
Achyrachaena, blow wives, Asteraceae
Achyranthes aspera, chaff flower (herbal medicine) Amaranthaceae
Acicarpha, acicarpha, Calyceraceae
Acleisanthes trumpets, Nyctaginaceae
Acmella, spot flower, Asteraceae
Acokanthera, bushman's poison [pointed anthers] evergreen shrub. Apocynaceae
Aconitum, aconite, herbal remedy, poison, Northern hemisphere perennials [zygomorphic flowers, sepals blue and showy, posterior sepal is hood-shaped] Ranunculaceae
Aconitum lycoctonum wolfbane, monkshood, used to poison wolves Ranunculaceae
Aconitum napellus, monkshood [aconitine alkaloid] Ranunculaceae
Acourtia, desert peony, Asteraceae
Acronychia imperforata, lemon aspen, wild food plant, Australia, Rutaceae
Acroptilon, hard heads, Asteraceae
Acrotriche depressa, wild food plant, Australia, Epacridaceae
,Actaea, rubra baneberry, herb christopher, poisonous white cohosh, herbal remedy, Northern hemisphere perennials [red fruits] Ranunculaceae
Actinidia deliciosa, kiwi fruit, Chinese gooseberry [radiating styles] Actinidiaceae
Actinidia polygama [male, female and hermaphrodite flowers] Actinidiaceae
Actinotus helianthi, flannel flower, Australian wildflower
Adansonia digitata, baob tree, bottle tree, dead rat tree, Judas bag, monkey-bread tree, Australia, Madagascar, Africa, Bombacaceae
Adenanthera, bead tree, Leguminosae
Adenium, impala lily, desert rose, Aden, Arabian peninsula, funnel-shaped tropical ornamental, Apocynaceae
Adenocaulon, trail plant, Asteraceae
Adenophyllum, dog weed, Asteraceae
Adenostemma, medicine plant, Asteraceae
Adonis, adonis, pheasant's eye, Europe and cooler Asia, finely-divided leaves, annual and perennial herb, bright-coloured flowers, borders and rock gardens, Ranunculaceae
Adoxa, adoxa Adoxaceae
Aechmea gamosepala, bromeliad, matchsticks, Brazil, herbaceous perennial [pointed sepals, some with red bracts] Bromeliaceae
Aegiceras majus, mangrove of tidal swamps
Aegiphila, spirit weed, Verbenaceae
Aegopodium, goutweed, goat-herb, ground elder, herbal remedy, perennials, Europe, underground rhizomes make it hard to eradicate, Hippocastanaceae
, Aeschynomene americana, American joint vetch, pasture legume, Leguminosae
Aeschynomene falcata, bargoo joint vetch, pasture legume, Leguminosae
Aeschynomene virginica Virginia jointvetch, Leguminosae
Aesculus hippocastanum, horse-chestnut tree, conker, buckeye, herbal remedy (outer case is poisonous, seed is bitter and inedible) ornamental deciduous trees and shrubs, North America, temperate Europe and Asia [escin, aescin alkaloid] [seasonal difference, twig growth, buds, scara and lenticels]
Afzelia, mahogany, Leguminosae
Agalinis, false foxglove, Scrophulariaceae
Agarista, Florida hobble bush, Epacridaceae
Agastache, giant hyssop, anise hyssop, mosquito plant, perennials herb, Mexico, ornamentals [many upright flower spikes] Lamiaceae
Ageratina, snake root, Asteraceae
Ageratum conyzoides, white weed, floss flower, rumput tahi ayam, Malaysia, Central America, annual herb, long-lasting flowers, ornamental, traditional medicine [ hydrocyanic acid, eugenol, coumarin] Asteraceae
Agrimonia, eupatoria agrimony, cocklebur, stickwort, herbal remedy, Rosaceae
Agrostemma corn cockle, Caryophyllaceae
Ailanthus altissima, tree of heaven, tall deciduous tree, North China [formation of abscission layer before leaf fall] Simaroubaceae
Ajuga remota (A. reptans,) bugle, bugleweed, middle confound, middle comfrey, herbal remedy, carpet bugle, perennial herb, ornamental, Lamiaceae
Albizia julibrissin, albizia, silk tree, white siris, pink siris, West Asia, Leguminosae
Alcea rosea (Althaea,) hollyhocks, hollyhock, marsh mallow, herbal remedy, herbaceous perennial, ornamental, Malvaceae
Alchemilla vulgaris (A. aphanes,) lady's mantle, bear's foot, linn's foot, nine hooks, parsley piert, herbal remedy, garden herb, Rosaceae
Aleurites fordii, tung oil tree, Euphorbiaceae
Aleurites moluccana, candlenut tree, carie nut, Indian walnut (candlenut oil) wild food plant, Australia, Euphorbiaceae
Alpinia galanga greater galangal, Zingiberaceae
Alpinia officinarum, ornamental ginger, galangal, "small ginger" [galangal root, galangine alkaloid] Zingiberaceae
Alpinia purpurata, red ginger, Zingiberaceae
Alkanna, alkanna, alkanet, orchanet, Spanish bugloss (red dye) Boraginaceae
Allamanda cathartica, allamanda, golden trumpet, ornamental shrub, South America, Malaysia,  evergreen shrub, sprawling climbers (purgative, toxic) [allamandrin] Apocynaceae
Alliara, sauce-alone, jack-by-the-hedge, common garlic cress, garlic mustard, vegetable that smells of garlic, herbal remedy
Allionia, windmills, Nyctaginaceae
Allocasuarina, she-oak trees
Allophyllum false gilyflower, Polemoniaceae
Allosidastrum, mock fan petals, Malvaceae
Allotropa, sugar stick, Monotropaceae
Allowissadula, false Indian mallow, Malvaceae
Almutaster, alkali marsh aster, Asteraceae
Alnus glutinosa, common alder, European black alder tree, nglish alder, sticky young shoots and leaves, deciduous tree, Betulaceae
Alnus tenuifolia, alder tree, herbal remedy, Betulaceae
Aloysia triphylla, white brush, bee brush, deciduous shrub [leaves, whorls of three] Verbenaceae
Alsomitra, seed dispersal by large wings, about 10 cm broad
Alstroemeria psittacina, New Zealand Christmas bell, parrot lily, Peruvian lily, lily of the Incas, invasive weed, Alstroemeriaceae
Alternanthera dentata, alligator weed, joy weed, rabbit meat Central America [sterile alternate anthers] Amaranthaceae
Althaea officinalis marsh mallow, Europe, herbal medicine, Malvaceae
Alysicarpus, moneywort, Leguminosae
Alysicarpus vaginalis, alyce clover, Leguminosae
Alyssium, madwort, Europe, annual and perennial herb (supposed to cure rabies) Brassicaceae
Amaranthus, amaranths, tampala, flower-gentle, prince's feather, pig weed, herbal remedy, grain crop, long-lasting flowers, ornamental, annual herbs, Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus caudatus ,"Love-lies-bleeding", red amaranth, ornamental, grain amaranth, Peru [drooping inflorescence] (Greek: amarantos, everlasting) Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus hypochondriacus, "Prince's feather", Amaranthaceae
Amborella trichopoda [possibly the closest living relative of the first flowering plants, base of the classification of flowering plants] Ambrosia, ragweed, hollyhock, marsh mallow, herbal remedy, ornamental western ragweed, Asteraceae
Amherstia nobilis, amherstia, pride of Burma, orchid flower, rose of the mountains, flowering ornamental tree, Leguminosae
Amoreuxia, yellow show, Bixaceae
Amorpha, false indigo, Leguminosae
Ampelaster ,climbing aster, Asteraceae
Amphiachyris, broom weed, Asteraceae
Amphicarpaea, hog peanut, Leguminosae
Amphipappus, chaff bush, Asteraceae
Amphitecna, calabash, Bignoniaceae
Amsinckia, fiddle neck, Boraginaceae
Amsonia, blue star, Apocynaceae
Anacardium occcidentale, cashew nut tree [anacardic acid, gallic acid, salicyclic acid, tannin] local medicine, Anacardiaceae
Anacyclus, pyrethrum (Anthemis,) anacyclus, pellitory of Spain, herbal remedy as a rubifacient, perennial herb, Asteraceae
Anadenanthera peregrina, anadenanthera, yopa, parica [bufotenine alkaloid] Leguminosae
Anagallis arvensis, pimpernel, "The Scarlet Pimpernel", Europe [leafy bracts on fruit] Primulaceae
Anagallis minima pimpernel, chaff weed, Primulaceae
Ananas comosus, pineapple, evergreen perennial herb, Bromeliaceae
Anaphalis, pearly everlasting, Asteraceae
Anarcardium occidentale, cashew, Anarcardiaceae
Anastatia, hierochuntina rose of Jericho, rose of the Virgin, Arabia, Egypt, Syria
Anchusa, officinalis bugloss, common alkanet, Boraginaceae
Ancistrocarphus, neststraw, Asteraceae
Andira, rain-tree
Andrographis false water willow, Acanthaceae
Andromeda, bog rosemary, Epacridaceae
Androsace, rock jasmine, Primulaceae
Anemone nemorosa, wood anemone, windflower, northern Europe, NW Asia, herbal remedy, ornamental, perennial herb, Ranunculaceae
Anemone coronaria ,blood-red flowers, Ranunculaceae
Anethum graveolens, dill, dillseed, herbal remedy, oil of dill, strong smelling garden herb, Greece and Palestine, used to flavour pickles, annual herb, Umbelliferae
Angadenia, golden trumpet, Apocynaceae
Angelonia salicariifolia, willowleaf angelon, granny's bonnets, from Brazil, weed, medicine, cooking herb
Angophora, angophora, Sydney red gum, smooth barked apple
Angophora cordifolia [cordate lamina]
Angophora lanceolata [oldest layers of cork bark, phellogen, shed as hot summer approaches]
Angraecum sesquipedale, tropical orchid [nectaries are long trailing spurs]
Anhalonium lewinii, peyote cactus [mescaline alkaloid]
Anisacanthus desert honeysuckle, Acanthaceae
Anisoptera, anisoptera [tall tree with helicopter double-winged seed dispersal]
Anigozanthos, flavidus. kangaroo-paws, Haemodoraceae
Annona cherimoya, cherimoya, evergreen shrub, Annonaceae
Annona muricata, soursop [fruit with sharp points] tropical America [caffeine, hydrocyanic acid, myricyl alcohol] Annonaceae
Annona reticulata ,bullock's heart, custard apple [netted carpels] Annonaceae
Annona squamosa, custard apple, sweetsop, sugar apple [scaly fruit] Annonaceae
Anogeissus, Indian Almond (gum ghatti) Combretaceae
Antennaria, pussy toes, Asteraceae
Anthemis nobilis (Cladanthus arabica,) Roman chamomile, stinking mayweed, common masterwort, herbal remedy, ornamental, garden herb, perennial herb, Asteraceae
Anthemis tinctoria, chamomile, dyers' chamomile (yellow dye from flowers) Asteraceae
Antheropeas, easter bonnets, Asteraceae
Antidesma bunius, bignay, herbet river cherry, Euphorbiaceae
Antidesma ghaesembilla ,black currant tree, Euphorbiaceae
Antirhea, quina, Rubiaceae
Anthriscus cerefolium, chervil, garden herb
Anthriscus sylvestris, cow parsley
Anthyllis, kidney vetch, Leguminosae
Antiphytum, saucer flower, Boraginaceae
Anogeissus anogeissus, ,gum ghatti
Anthocephalum, broom snakeweed
Anthriscus cerefolium (Chaerophyllum,) chervil, herbal remedy
Anthurium, arum lily
Antigonon leptopis antigonon, coral vine, corallita, chain of love, queen's wreath, Mexico, Polygonaceae
Antirrhinum ,snapdragon, ornamental [snout-shaped flower] Scrophulariaceae
Anulocaulis ring stem, Nyctaginaceae
Aphanisma coastal creeper, Chenopodiaceae
Aphanostephus, doze daisy, Asteraceae
Apios, groundnut, Leguminosae
Apium graveolens ,wild celery, marsh plant, Europe, Apiaceae
Apium graveolens var. dulce, celery, smallage, wild celery, herbal remedy, vegetable, biennial garden herb [cut stem, ink to show transpiration stream] Apiaceae
Apium graveolens rapaceum, celeriac, garden herb, swollen stem, edible roots, Apiaceae
Apium prostratum ,sea celery, wild food plant, Australia, seashore, Apiaceae
Apocynum cannabinum, dogbane, Indian hemp (hemp used by Red Indians) Apocynaceae
Aquilegia canadensis red columbine, ornamental, perennial herb, Ranunculaceae
Aquilegia vulgaris, common columbine, aquilegia, granny's bonnets, slightly poisonous, ornamental, perennial herb
Arabis rock cress, Brassicaceae
Arabidopsis thaliana, thale cress, rock cress, mustard weed [the first plant to have its entire genome sequenced] Brassicaceae
Arachis hypogaea, peanut, groundnut, Leguminosae (peanut oil) Arachis glabrata, prine peanut, pasture legume, Leguminosae
,Arachis pintoi, pinto peanut, pasture legume, Leguminosae
Aralia, aralia tree, Japanese angelica tree, devil's walking stick, spikenard, herbal remedy, perennial herbs, deciduous shrubs, Araliaceae
Arbutus, madrone, Epacridaceae
Anredera, madieravine, Basellaceae
Arbutus unedo, strawberry trees, Mediterranean region, evergreen trees and shrubs, Ericaceae
Arceuthobium dwarf mistletoe, pine mistletoe, Viscaceae
Archangelica officinalis, angelica, angelic herb, used in absinthe, gin and "bitters", confectionery, herbal remedy, biennial or perennial garden herb, Umbelliferae
Arctium lappa, great burdock, bur, cockle bottoms, lappa, personata, clot-bur, herbal remedy, Asteraceae
Arctostaphylos, uva-ursi bear's grape, crowberry, foxberry, hog cranberry, mealberry, manzanita, Epacridaceae (Ericaceae)
Arctotheca, cape weed, Asteraceae
Arctotis, arctotis, African daisy, South Africa, ornamental, annual and perennial herbs, Asteraceae
Ardisia elliptica (A. littoralis,) marl berry, mata pelandok, mata ayam, Malaysia [methyl salicyclate] Myrsinaceae
Arenaria, sand wort, Caryophyllaceae
Argania, argan oil tree
Argusia, sea rosemary, Boraginaceae
Argyranthemum, dill daisy, Asteraceae
Argyroxiphium, silver sword, Asteraceae
Ariocarpus, living rock, Cactaceae
Aristocapsa spiny cape, Polygonaceae
Aristolochia grandiflora dutchman's pipe, Brazil, shrubs and climbers [flowers of extraordinary shape] Armoracia rusticana, horse-radish, herbal remedy, perennial garden herb, Brassicaceae
Armoracia rusticana, horseradish Brassicaceae
Arnica montana, arnica, mountain tobacco, leopard's bane, Europe, perennial garden herb, may be poisonous, Asteraceae
Arnoglossum, Indian plaintain, Asteraceae
Arracacia xanthorrhiza (A. esculenta,) arracacha, Andes mountains, used as starchy food
Arrabidaea arrabidaea, Bignoniaceae
Artemis, Mexican sagewort
Artemisia absinthium (Artemisia annua,) sage brush, wormwood, Dian's bud, sand sage, roman wormwood, Europe, herbal remedy, perennial herbs and shrubs (flavours absinthe and vermouth) [artemisinine alkaloid, terpenoid compound thujone in wormwood used in absinthe] Asteraceae
Artemisia campestris, field wormwood, Asteraceae
Artemisia drarcunculus ,tarragon, ,French tarragon, Southern Europe, "small dragon", garden herb, Asteraceae
Artemisia vulgaris, mugwort, large garden herb, Asteraceae
Artocarpus altilis (A. communis, A. incisus,) breadfruit, kapiak [ acetylcholine, hydrocyanic acid] Moraceae
Artocarpus heterophyllus, jackfruit, kathal, jaca, jac fruit, jak fruit, tropical forest fruit tree, South India [acetylcholine, hydrocyanic acid] Moraceae
,Asanthus, brickell bush Asteraceae
Asarum, asarabacca, abortefacient
Asclepias, fructicosa, milkweeds, broadleaf milkweed, swallow-wort, pleurisy root, herbaceous perennial (herbal remedy, fibre used by Red Indians) [steroidal glycosides] Asclepiadaceae
Asperugo, German-madwort, Boraginaceae
Asperula squinancy, woodruffe, quinsy-wort, squinancy-wort, sweet woodruffe, small woodruff, herbal remedy supposed to cure quinsy
Asphodelus, asphodel, an "immortal" flower
Aster amellus, aster, ornamental, star-shaped flower heads, Asteraceae
Astilbe, false goat's beard, Saxifragaceae
Astragalus ,milk vetch, goat's thorn, Syrian tragacanth, gum dragon, southernwood, old man's tree, boy's love, field southernwood (natural gum tragacanth) Leguminosae
Astragalus mollissimus, locoweed, woolly loco grass, stagger weed [miserotoxin, swainsonine alkaloid which causes locoweed poisoning] Leguminosae
Astragalus gummifer (A. tennesseensis) milk vetch, locoweed (E413 Tragacanth gum, gum tragacanth) Leguminosae
Astranthium, western daisy, Asteraceae
Astroloma ,cranberry heath, flame heath, wild food plant, Australia, Epacridaceae
Astroloma, pinifolium, Epacridaceae
Asyneuma, harebell, Campanulaceae
Athysanus sand weed, Brassicaceae
Atriplex cinerea, grey saltbush, wild food plant, Australia, Chenopodiaceae
Atriplex hortensis, orache, arrachmountain spinach, vegetable, herbs and shrubs, Chenopodiaceae
Atropa belladonna, belladonna, deadly nightshade, dwale, fair lady, European mandrake [solanine glucoside, atropine 5-hydroxytryptamine, hyoscyamine alkaloid] Solanaceae
Atropa mandrogora, European mandrake [atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine alkaloid] Solanaceae
,Aubrieta lilac bush, Brassicaceae
Aulax cancellata, Proteaceae
Aureolaria, false foxglove, Scrophulariaceae
Austromyrtus dulcis, midyim berry, wild food plant, Australia, Myrtaceae
Averrhoa bilimbi ,bilimbi, Malaysia, very acid fruit, used for preserves, Oxalidaceae
Averrhoa carambola, carambola, star fruit, five corners, fruit salads and fruit drinks, South India, Indonesia, Oxalidaceae
Avicennia marina, grey mangrove, white mangrove, wild food plant, Australia, Verbenaceae
Avicennia officinalis, mangrove, tidal swamps,
Axyris Russian pig weed, Chenopodiaceae
B.
Baccharis halimifolia, baccharis, groundsel tree, willow baccharis, North and South America, deciduous and evergreen shrubs, Asteraceae
Backhousia, citriodora lemon myrtle, lemon-scented myrtle, neverbreak, sweet verbena tree, Australia, ornamental tree, lemon-like food flavouring [essential oil citral] Myrtaceae
Bacopa, water hyssop, Scrophulariaceae
Baeckea frutescens, false rue [ limonene, cineole, dipentene] Myrtaceae
,Baileya, desert marigold, Asteraceae
Balduina, honeycomb head, Asteraceae
Barbarea vulgaris, winter cress, vegetable
Ballota, horehound, black horehound, Lamiaceae herbal remedy
Balsamita, costmary, balsam herb, alecost
Balsamodendron, Arabian myrtle, Arabian myrrh incense
Balsamorhiza, balsam root, Asteraceae
Bambusa, bamboo
Banara, palo de ramon, Flacourtiaceae
Banisteriopsis, lianes of Amazon forest, narcotic
Banksia dentata, swamp banksia, wild nectar food, Australia, Proteaceae
Banksia ericifolia [showy flowers] Proteaceae
Banksia integrifolia, coastal banksia, entire leaved banksia, ornamental tree, Proteaceae
Banksia serrata ,"Banksia man" seed cone [saw-toothed leaves] Proteaceae
Baptisia, wild indigo, Leguminosae
Barbarea yellow rocket, Brassicaceae
Barbieria, barbieria, Leguminosae
Barkleyanthus, willow ragwort, Asteraceae
Barleria Philippine violet, Acanthaceae
Barringtonia asiatica, barringtonia, putat laut, Malaysia [methyl salicyclate, saponin] Lecythidaceae
Bartonia, screw stem, Gentianaceae
Bassia smother weed, roly-poly, “tumble weed” Chenopodiaceae
Bassia tricophylla, burning bush, annual herb [deep red leaves] Chenopodiaceae
Basella alba, basella, Indian spinach, Ceylon spinach, Basellaceae
Basella rubra, Ceylon spinach, Basellaceae
Batis turtle weed, Bataceae
Bauhinia, purpurea bauhinia, butterfly tree, tropical tree ornamental [two-lobed leaves, hydrocyanic acid, quercitin, rutin] Leguminosae
Bauhinia blakeana, Hong Kong orchid tree, mountain ebony, Africa, India (on Hong Kong SAR flag) Leguminosae
Beaumontia grandiflora, herald's trumpet, ornamental shrub, large white flowered woody climber, Apocynaceae
Bebbia, sweet bush, Asteraceae
Begonia, begonias, ornamental, South America, perennial herbs and shrubs, Begoniaceae
Bejaria, befaria, Epacridaceae
Bellardia, lineseed, Scrophulariaceae
Bellis perennis, daisy, "day's eye", little daisy, bruisewort, herbal remedy, perennial herb, Asteraceae
Beloperone guttata, shrimp bush
Benincasa, benincasa, wax gourd, Cucurbitaceae
Berberis vulgaris, common barberry, herbal remedy, deciduous and evergreen shrubs (eyedrop medicine) Berberidaceae
Bergenia elephant-ear, Saxifragaceae
Bergerocactus, snake cactus, Cactaceae
Bergia, bergia, Elatinaceae
Berlandiera ,green eyes, Asteraceae
Berteroa false mad wort, Brassicaceae
Bertholletia excelsa, bertholletia, Brazil nut [fatty reserves as a solid] Lecythidaceae
Berula, upright water parsley, lesser water parsley, aquatic, poisonous
Besseya, kittentail, Scrophulariaceae
Beta beet, Chenopodiaceae
Beta vulgaris sub vulgaris, beetroot, beet, Swiss chard, spinach beet, sugar beet, silver beet, vegetable root of scarcity, mangel, mangel-wurzel, winter food for cattle, annual or biennial herb [sucrose is chief food reserve, dissolved, cell sap] Chenopodiaceae
Beta vulgaris sub maratima, wild beet, vegetable
Betonica, water betony, water figwort, herbal remedy used externally
Betula pendula, birch tree, silver birch, European birch, Europe and North Asia, herbal remedy, ornamental tree, Betulaceae
Bidens pilosa, cobbler’s pegs, beggar ticks, bur marigold, pitchforks, roadside weed, seeds attach to clothing, herbal remedy, Asteraceae
Bigelowia, rayless golden rod, Asteraceae
Bignonia bignonia, Bignoniaceae
Billardiera longiflora, blueberry, Pittosporaceae
Billardiera scandens, apple berry, wild food plant, Australia, Pittosporaceae
Billieturnera, false fan petals, Malvaceae
Biserrula, biserrula, Leguminosae
Bixa, orellana ,bixa, annatto, lipstick tree, red dye food colouring, war paint, hedge West Indies [E160b, carotenoid acid that may cause hyperactivity, bixin, norbixin, cyanidin, saponin, tannin] Bixaceae
Blephilia, pagoda-plant, Lamiaceae
Blighia sapida, akee, West African forests, cooked aril eaten but pink raphe attached to aril is poisonous [peptide hypoglycin A]
Blumea, false ox tongue Asteraceae
Boehmeria nivea, ramie, east Asia, white ramie or China grass and green ramie or rhea [fine fibres, bast]
Boerhavia diffusa, spiderling, hog weed, tah vine, another species a wild food plant, Australia, Nyctaginaceae
Bolandra, false cool wort, Saxifragaceae
Boltonia, doll's daisy Asteraceae
Bomarea shuttleworthii, climber, "Peruvian lily" [bell-shaped flowers] Columbia, Alstroemeriaceae
Bombax malabaricum, silk cotton tree (kapok) Bombacaceae
Bonamia lady's night cap, Convolvulaceae
Bontia, bontia, Myoporaceae
Borago officinalis, borage, bee bread, common bugloss, starflower, herbal remedy, hair conditioner, annual and perennial garden herb, Boraginaceae
Boronia, boronia, Australia, evergreen shrubs, Rutaceae
Borrichia, seaside tansy, Asteraceae
Boschniakia, ground cone, Orobanchaceae
Bossiaea scolopendria, bossiaea, Leguminosae [leaf reduced to small scale at nodes of the flattened green stem, cladode]
Boswellia carteri frankincense (incense) Burseraceae
Bougainvillea peruviana, bougainvillea, Brazil, climbers, Nyctaginaceae
Boykinia, brook foam, Saxifragaceae
Brachychiton acerifolium, flame tree, ornamental tree [have no heartwood] Sterculiaceae
Brachychiton populneus, kurrajong tree, wild food plant, Australia, Sterculiaceae
Brachychiton rupestris ,Queensland bottle tree, Sterculiaceae
Brachyscome iberidifolia, swan river daisy, Asteraceae
Brandegea, star vine, Cucurbitaceae
Brasilia Nigeria ,black mustard
Brassica mustard, annual and perennial, garden vegetable [mustard oil glycosides] Brassicaceae
Brassica arvensis, charlock, weed, Brassicaceae
Brassica campestris (mustard oil) Brassicaceae
Brassica cernua, Chinese cabbage, Brassicaceae
Brassica juncea, brown mustard, brown Indian mustard, leaf mustards, sarepta mustard, rai, mustard oil, mustard seed oil glucoside sinigrin, Brassicaceae
Brassica napus (,B. napobrassica,) turnip, rapeseed, canola, rutabaga, swede, canola oil, Brassicaceae
Brassica nigra ,black mustard, black mustard, table mustard, condiment, Brassicaceae
Brassica oleracea, wild cabbage, kale, collard, cauliflower, kai-lan, kohlrabi, broccoli, herbal remedy, vegetable, Brassicaceae
Brassica oleracea botrytis, cauliflower, Brassicaceae
Brassica oleracea capita, cabbage, Brassicaceae
Brassica oleracea cymosa (Brassica oleracea italica) ,broccoli, Brassicaceae
Brassica oleracea gemmifera ,Brussels sprouts, Brassicaceae
Brassica rapa (B. chinensis,) turnip, Chinese cabbage, bak choi, rapini, Brassicaceae
Brickellia, brickell bush Asteraceae
Bridellia tomentosa, kenidai [ methyl salicyclate, friedelin] Euphorbiaceae
Brosimum alicastrum, breadnut (food tree in the Maya civilization).
Brosimum utile, Central American milk tree [milky sap is edible, "palo de vaca", "vegetable cheese"]
Brugmansia ,deadly datura
Bruguiera gymnorhiza, oriental mangrove, pacific islands, Hawaiian lei flower, black tapa cloth dye
Brunnichia buckwheat vine, Polygonaceae
Brya, coccus wood, Leguminosae
Boswellia, frankincense, strong-scented oleoresins
Bougainvillaea, bougainvillaea, ornamental, Nyctaginaceae
Bourreria, strong bark, Boraginaceae
Brachystigma, desert foxglove, Scrophulariaceae
Braya northern-rock cress, Brassicaceae
Brazoria, brazos-mint, Lamiaceae
Brownia grandiceps, rose of Venezuela, scarlet brownia
Brugmansia arborea, angel's trumpet (deadly datura) South America, trees and shrubs, pendulous flowers, Solanaceae
Brunfelsia americana, "lady of the night" Brunfelsia rain tree, Solanaceae
Brunfelsia latifolia (Francissia,) "yesterday, today and tomorrow", rain tree, Central America [freesia -like perfume] hedging and screening, Solanaceae
Bryonia (Dioica,) bryony, white bryony, poisonous, English mandrake, kua-lou, ladies' seal, tamus, tetterberry, wild bryony, wild hops, wild vine, Cucurbitaceae
Bryophyllium calycinum,
Buchanania latifolia, chirauli nut, Anacardaceae
Buchanania obovata, green plum, wild food plant, Australia, Anarcardaceae
Buchnera, bluehearts, Scrophulariaceae
Buckinghamia celcissima, ivory curl flower, ornamental trees (creamy white flower spikes) Proteaceae
Buddleja butterfly bush, Buddlejaceae
Bunias warty cabbage, Brassicaceae
Buphthalmum, ox eye, Asteraceae
Bursera, copal incense plant
Butea, butea, Leguminosae
Butomus, water gladiole, flowering rush, marsh plant
Buxus microphylla var. japonica, Japanese box [cyclovirobuxine alkaloid]
Buxus sempervirens ,common box, English box, box tree, garden hedge, evergreen shrubs and trees [cyclovirobuxine alkaloid] Buxaceae
, C
Caesalpinia echinata ,Brazilwood, "bresel wood" [natural red dyes brazilin and brazilein] Leguminosae
Caesalpinia ferrea, leopard tree, Brazilian ironwood, Leguminosae
Caesalpinia pulcherima, Barbadoes pride [long red stamens] Leguminosae
Caesalpinia sappan, sappan tree, brazilwood
Caesalpinia spinosa [E417 tara gum] Cajanus, cajan, pigeon pea, red gram, kacang, edible legume, pasture legume, Leguminosae
,Cakile sea rocket, Brassicaceae
Calamintha nepeta (Melissa calaminta, Acinos,) calamint, lesser calamint, Lamiaceae southern Europe, herbal remedy, perennial garden herb
Calandrinia balonensis, red maids, parakeelya, wild plant food, Australia, Portulacaceae
Calceolaria ,slipper flower, Scrophulariaceae
Calendula officinalis, marigold, pot marigold, Mary-buds, "Mary gold", honour of the Virgin Mary of the Bible, ornamental, long flowering period, annual herb [bracts absent] Asteraceae
Calepina ball mustard, Brassicaceae
Calliandra calothyrsus, calliandra, pasture legume, Leguminosae
Callicarpa, beauty berry, Verbenaceae
Callicoma, blackwattle tree, wattle and daub
Calliandra ,stick pea, Leguminosae
Callirhoe, poppy mallow, Malvaceae
Callistemon lanceolatus, bottle-brush tree, ornamental tree, evergreen shrubs [lanceolate lamina, showy stamens] Myrtaceae
Callistephus chinensis, aster, Michaelmas daisy, slim aster, China, ornamental [showy terminal flower head] Asteraceae
Callitriche, water-starwort, Callitrichceae
Calocarpum sapota, mammey sapote, South America, fruit eaten fresh or preserved
Caloncoba, caloncoba, Flacourtiaceae
Calophyllum, calophyllum, Clusiaceae
Calopogonium mucunoides, calopogonium, calopo, pasture legume, Leguminosae
,Calluna vulgaris, heather, Europe, evergreen shrubs, Epacridaceae
Caltha palustris, marsh marigold, aquatic and marginal perennial, Ranunculaceae
Calycadenia, western rosinweed, Asteraceae
Calycera, calycera, Calyceraceae
Calycoseris, tack stem, Asteraceae
Calystegia false bind weed, Convolvulaceae
Camelina false flax, Brassicaceae
Camellia japonica ,Japanese camellia, many cultivars, state flower of Alabama, Theaceae
Camellia sasanqua ,camellia, many cultivars, garden hedge, evergreen shrub, Japan, Theaceae
Camellia sinensis, tea plant, green tea [tannin, caffeine, theanine alkaloid] Theaceae
Campanula, bellflower, bluebell, Canterbury bells, harebell, Europe, ornamental, perennial herb, Campanulaceae
Campanula trachelos, throatwort, herbal medicine, Campanulaceae
Campanulastrum, small bellflower, Campanulaceae
Campsis chinensis Chinese trumpet vine, trumpet vine (Tecoma, Bignonia) China, Bignoniaceae
Camptotheca acuminata, camptotheca [camptothecine alkaloid]
Canadanthus, mountain aster, Asteraceae
Cananga odorata, ylang-ylang, ylang-ylang oil, cananga oil, kenanga, Annonaceae
Canarium vulgare, pili nut, Java almond, kenari nut tree, Burseraceae
Canavalia ensiformis, wonder bean, horse bean, swordbean, Leguminosae
Canavalia rosea ,beach bean, baybean, wild jack bean, Leguminosae
Canavalia virosa, jackbean, Leguminosae
Cannabis sativa ,cannabis, Indian hemp, marijuana, choke-weed, annual herb[phenolic resins and psychoactive alcohol delta-tetrahydrocannabinol, THC, analgesic and hallucinatory, also cannabis alkaloids] Cannabaceae
Cannabis sativa, hemp fibre plant, central and western Asia, dioecious, fibre for ropes, cosarse cloth and oakum, narcotic drug containing powerful alkaloids [white bast fibre, slightly lignified, forms, the pericycle]
Canthium shultzii, Rubiaceae
Capparis mitchelli, wild orange, bumble tree, bimbil, wild plant food, Australia, Capparaceae
Capparis spinosa, caper bush, wild passionfruit garden herb, Capparaceae
Capsella, shepherd's purse, herbal remedy
Capsicum annuum, green pepper, chilli, Guinea pepper, Cayenne pepper, paprika pepper, herbal remedy, vegetable [capsaicine alkaloid] If hot called chilli, chillies, chilli peppers, hot peppers (USA: chile) guindilla. (If not hot called "capsicums") bell peppers, peppers, sweet peppers, green peppers, red peppers, pimiento, ají, annual garden vegetable, Solanaceae
Capsicum frutescens ,chili, chilli pepper, annual garden vegetable (pungent acrid flavour) Solanaceae
Caragana, pea shrub, Leguminosae
Cardiospermum halicacabum balloon vine, heartseed, sapindaceae
Carica papaya, papaya (paw paw) Caricaceae
Carmona, scorpion bush, Boraginaceae
Carum carvi, caraway, Apiaceae
Caryocar, caryocar, Caryocaraceae
Capsicum frutescens, tabasco pepper, red pepper, bird chillies, vegetable shrub [capsaicine alkaloid] Cardamine pratensis, lady-smock, cuckoo-flower, bitter cress, Europe, perennial herb, Brassicaceae
Carduus, plumeless thistle, Asteraceae
Carbenia, blessed thistle, herbal remedy
Cardamine, lady's smock, cuckoo flower, vegetable
Carica papaya, papaya, pawpaw
Carissa grandiflora, carissa, Natal plum (jelly, spiny hedges) Apocynaceae
Carlina, carline thistle, Asteraceae
Carphephorus, chaff head, Asteraceae
Carphochaete, bristle head, Asteraceae
Carthamus tinctorius, safflower, distaff thistle, Asteraceae
Catharanthus, periwinkle, Apocynaceae
Carum carvi, caraway, caraway seed used in cakes and distilled to make liqueur kummel, West Asia, annual or biennial garden herb, Umbelliferae
Caloptris procera, apple of sodom, "Dead sea fruit", madar, oschur
Camphorosma Chenopodiaceae
Canavalia rosea, beach bean, wild jack bean
Capsella capsella, Brassicaceae
Cardaria white top, Brassicaceae
Carludovica, Panama hat plant
Carpinus, hornbeam tree
Carpobrotus, pigface
Carthamus tinctorius safflower, herbal remedy (safflower oil) [carthamine alkaloid]
Carum carvi, caraway, herbal remedy, caraway seed for cooking, the liqueur kummel distilled, caraway oil
Cassiope, mountain heather, Epacridaceae
Catha edulis, alkaloid stimulant and intoxicant
Catharanthus, periwinkle, Madagascar periwinkle [vinblastine and vincristine] Apocynaceae
Cardamine, lady's smock, cuckoo-flower, bittercress
Carex, sedge
Carissa lanceolata ,konkerberry, wild food plant, Australia, Apocynaceae
Carissa ovata, currant bush, baroom bush, turkey bush, wild food plant, Australia, Apocynaceae
Carlowrightia wright wort, Acanthaceae
Carnegiea, saguaro, Cactaceae
Carya, pecan, hickory tree, deciduous trees, Juglandaceae
Casmiroa edulis, white sapote
Cassia alata, seven golden candlesticks, Leguminosae
Cassia angustifolia senna leaves and senna pods for congestion of the colon, Leguminosae
Cassia corymbosa, scrambled eggs, butttercup tree [yellow flowers with musty smell] Leguminosae
Cassia fistula, golden shower tree, ornamental tree cassia, senna, old man senna bush, Indian senna, Indian laburnam, pudding pipe tree, tropical forest tree, ornamental shrubs and trees [leaf base forms pulvinus to turn lamina] [pinnately-compond lamina] Leguminosae
Cassia javanica, pink cassia, Leguminosae
Cassia occidentalis, coffee senna, ant bush (anthraquinones cause laxative or even toxic properties) Leguminosae
Cassia pleurocarpa, Australian senna, Leguminosae
Cassia tora, sicklepod, sickle senna, Leguminosae
Casuarina equisetifolia, casuarina, she-oak, rose she-oak, ornamental tree [leaf reduced to small scale at nodes of the flattened green stem, cladode] Casuarinaceae
Casssytha filiformis, devil's twine, dodder laurel, parasitic, wild food plant, Australia, Lauraceae
Cassytha glabella devil’s twine [twining habit, parasitic with haustoria into hosts, degeneration of root system after parasitism] Lauraceae
Cassytha paniculata, Lauraceae
Castanea sativa, European chestnut, Spanish chestnut, sweet chestnut, southern Europe, deciduous tree, herbal remedy (tannins) Fagaceae
Castanospermum australe, black bean, Queensland black bean, Moreton bay "chestnut" [large seeds look like chestnuts but contain cyanogenetic poison] wild food plant, Australia, Leguminosae
Castilleja, Indian paintbrush, Scrophulariaceae
Catalpa, catalpa, Bignoniaceae
Catesbaea, lily thorn, Rubiaceae
Catha, khat
Carthamus lanatus saffron thistle, weed
Carthamus tintorius ,safflower
Catharanthus roseus, periwinkle, Madagascar periwinkle, old maid, India, ornamental perennial shrub [vindoline, catharanthine, vinblastine vincristine alkaloids] Apocynaceae
Caulanthus wild cabbage, Brassicaceae
Cayaponia, melon leaf, Cucurbitaceae
Cedrela sinensis, Chinese cedar, ornamental tree
Cedronella canariensis, cedronella, garden herb, Lamiaceae
Cedrus, cedar tree, deodar tree, cedar of Lebanon
Ceiba pentandra, kapok tree, pochote, silk cotton tree, kapok for mattresses, tropical forest tree, Bombacaceae
Celtis occidentalis, hackberry (nettle tree) deciduous tree, Ulmaceae
Celosia cristata (C. argentea,) cock's comb, woolflower, wild cockscomb, annual ornamental [bright coloured flowers, nicotinic acid] Amaranthaceae
Centaurea, knapweed, common knapweed, greater knapweed, knapwort, harshweed, blue-bottle, cyanus, herbal remedy, ornamental annual and perennial herbs, Asteraceae
Centaurea calcitrapa ,star thistle (weed) Asteraceae
Centaurea cyanus ,cornflower, bachelor's button (astringent tannins) Europe, west Asia,  Asteraceae
Centaurium spicatum (Erythraea,) spike centaury, herbal remedy, Gentianaceae
Centella asiatica, Indian pennywort, Asian pennywort, spade leaf, gotu kola, garden herb, Apiaceae
Centella erecta ,erect centella, Apiaceae
Centranthus augustifolia, centranthus, narrow-leaved valerian, all heal, Hercules wound-wort, golden heliotrope, Valerianaceae
,Centrosema pascuorum, centurion centro, pasture legume, Leguminosae
Centrosema pubescens, centro, pasture legume, Leguminosae
Centrosema virginianum spurred butterfly pea, Leguminosae
Cephaelis ipecacuanha, ipecac, ipecacuanha [emetin alkaloid]
Cephalanthus, button bush, Rubiaceae
Cephalocereus, cephalocereus, Cactaceae
Cephalotus follicularis, West Australian pitcher plant [monotypic, pod like a siliqua] Cephalotaceae
Cerastium, mouse-ear chick weed, Caryophyllaceae
Ceratocephala, curveseed, butterwort, Ranunculaceae
Ceratonia siliqua, carob tree, St. John's Bread (locust bean gum) Leguminosae
Cerbera manghas, cebera (toxic glycosides) Apocynaceae
Cercis siliquastrum, red bud, Judas tree, Mediterranean region, deciduous trees [woody fruits] Leguminosae
Ceratiola, ceratiola, Empetraceae
Ceratonia siliqua, carob [E410, carob gum, locust bean gum, vegetable gum, used, sweets, fruit drinks, chocolate substitute]
Cereus aethiops, sweet potato cactus, South America [multi-stemmed cactus, tall like a taper]Cactaceae
Cestrum diurnum, day jessamine, Solanaceae
Cevallia, stinging serpent, Loasaceae
Chamaecrista fasciculata, partridge pea, Leguminosae
Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Cassia rotundifolia,) round-leaf cassia, pasture, Leguminosae
Chamaesaracha, five eyes, Solanaceae
Chaetadelpha, skeleton weed, Asteraceae
Chaetopappa ,least daisy, Asteraceae
Chaiturus, lion's tail, Lamiaceae
Chaptalia, sun bonnetts, Asteraceae
Chamaecrista, sensitive pea, Leguminosae
Chamaedaphne, leather leaf, Epacridaceae
Chamaesaracha, five eyes, Solanaceae
Chamaelaucium unicinatum, Geralton wax plant
Chamaemelum nobile (Anthemis nobilis) chamomile, common chamomile, Roman chamomile, dog fennel, herbal remedy, garden herb [apple-like scent] Asteraceae
Chaenactis, pin cushion, Asteraceae
Chaenorhinum, dwarf snapdragon, Scrophulariaceae
Charpentiera, papala, Amaranthaceae
Cheiridopsis, cheiridopsis, Aizoaceae
Cheiranthus, wallflower, common wallflower, poisonous, dangerous cardiotonic
Chelidonium majus ,celandine, swallowwort, herbal remedy [chelerythrine, chelidonine alkaloid] Papaveraceae
Chelone, turtlehead, Scrophulariaceae
Chenopodium ambrosioides, wormseed, Mexican tea, vermifuge, quinoa, Europe, perennial herb, Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium bonus-henricus, goose foot, fat hen, allgood, smearwort, wild spinach Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium quinoa ,quinoa, staple grain food of Incas, Peru, ashes consumed with coca leaves, Chenopodiaceae
Chilopsis desert willow, Bignoniaceae
Chiococca, milk berry, Rubiaceae
Chimaphila, prince's pine, Pyrolaceae
Chionophila, snow lover, Scrophulariaceae
Cinchona, cinchona, Rubiaceae
Chionanthus virginicus, fringe tree, greybeard, poison ash, snowdrop tree Oleaceae
Chiranthodendron, chiranthodendron, Sterculiaceae
Chondodendron tomentosum [cuare, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, D-tubocurarine alkaloid] Chondrilla juncea, skeleton weed, chondrilla, weed [vegetative reproduction by tuberous roots] Asteraceae
Chorizanthe spine flower, Polygonaceae
Chlorogalum, chlorogalum, ,saponin glycosides form a soapy foam
Christia, island pea, Leguminosae
Chromolaena, thorough wort, Asteraceae
Chrysanthemum, X grandiflora, florist's chrysanthemum, hybrid, ox-eye daisy, marguerite, herbal remedy, ornamental, annual herb, Asteraceae
Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, ,Dalmatia, pyrethrum, Asteraceae
Chrysocephalum apiculatum, desert flame, from Australia, ornamental
Chrysophyllum cainito, star apple, satin leaf tree, West Indies, Central America, edible pulp, Sapotaceae
Chrysophyllum oliviforme ,satin leaf, Sapotaceae
Chrysopsis, golden aster, Asteraceae
Chrysosplenium, golden saxifrage, Saxifragaceae
Chrysothamnus, rabbit brush, Asteraceae
Cicer arietinum, cicer, chick pea, Leguminosae
Cichorium endivia, endive,  vegetable succory, India, herbal remedy, Asteraceae
Cichorium intybus ,chicory, blue-sailors, succory (coffee substitute) Asteraceae
Cinchona calisaya (C. officinalis,) quinine cincona, "quina" [quinine alkaloid]
Cicuta maculata, water hemlock, cowbane [poisonous roots, cicutoxin causes painful rashes] Apiaceae
Cienfuegosia, fly mallow, Malvaceae
Cinnamomum camphora, camphor laurel tree, camphor tree, Lauraceae
Cinnamomum cassia ,cinnamon [may lead to improved glucose tolerance], Lauraceae
Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Ceylon cinnamon, Lauraceae
Cirsium arvense perennial thistle, thistle, weed, Asteraceae
Cissus rhomboidea grape ivy, South America, climber, Vitaceae
Cistanthe, pussy paws, Portulacaceae
Cistus, rock rose, evergreen shrub, Cistaceae
Citharexylum spinosum, fiddlewood tree, Verbenaceae
Citrofortunella microcarpa, acid orange, calamondin orange, or Panama orange, kalamansi, China, used for cooking
Citrullus colocynthis, colocynth, bitter apple, annual herb, Cucurbitaceae
Citrullus lanatus, water melon, camel melon [lycopene pigment] Cucurbitaceae
Citrus aurantium var. amara (Bigaradia,) rind used for bergamot essence, neroli oil, Rutaceae
Citrus aurantifolia, lime, Tahitian lime, fruit key lime, Mexican lime, West Indian lime, Rutaceae
Citrus aurantium, var. amara ,bitter orange, sour orange, Seville orange (orange blossom oil, Neroli oil) [synephrine, oxedrine alkaloid] Rutaceae
Citrus grandis, pummelo, pomelo, Rutaceae
Citrus hysterix, kaffir lime, Rutaceae
Citrus limon, lemon, Rutaceae
Citrus medica, citron, cedrat, India, Rutaceae
Citrus maxima pummelo, shaddock, Malaysia, Polynesia, Rutaceae
Citrus ,X paradisi, grapefruit, Rutaceae
Citrus reticulata, mandarin, tangerine, satsuma, Rutaceae
Citrus sinensis, orange, sweet orange, orange blossom oil, orange peel ["navel orange has "navel" at the fruit apex and no seeds] Rutaceae
Citrus, X tangelo, tangelo, Rutaceae
Cladrastis, yellowwood, Leguminosae
Clappia, clap daisy, Asteraceae
Claytonia spring beauty, Portulacaceae
Clematis, clematis, leather flower, virgin's bower, traveller's joy, woody climber [use leaf stalk tendrils to climb] Ranunculaceae
Cleome, cleome, spider plant, spider flower, ornamental, Capparaceae
Cleomella, stink weed, Capparaceae
Clerodendrum, speciosissimum glory bower, Java [leaves, opposite pairs, tubular flowers] Verbenaceae
Clethra, sweet pepper bush, Clethraceae
Clianthus dampieri desert pea, glory pea [seeds have long-lived hard testa] Leguminosae
Clitoria ternatea, clitoria, pigeon wings, butterfly pea (Ternate, Indonesia) [flower like inverted legume flower with "keel" on top] Leguminosae
,Clivia miniata, bush lily, fire lily, kaffir lily, Southern Africa, Amaryllidaceae
Clusia, attorney, Clusiaceae
Clytostoma callistegioides violet trumpet vine, South America
Cnicus benedictus (Carbenia,) carduus benedictus, blessed thistle, holy thistle, spotted thistle, herbal remedy, Asteraceae
Cobaea scandens cathedral bells, cup and saucer vine, Mexico, Polemoniaceae
Cochlearia armoracia, horseradish, scurvy-grass, spoonwort, herbal remedy, garden herb, Brassicaceae
Cochlospermum fraseri kapok bush, wild food plant, Australia, Bixaceae
Cochlospermum vitifolium silk cotton tree, Bixaceae
Codariocalyx, tick trefoil, Leguminosae
Codiaeum, variegatum croton, tall evergreen tropical shrub [brilliantly coloured foliage, may shed leaves at change of season] Euphorbiaceae
Coffea, arabica, arabica coffee [caffeine, theobromine alkaloid] [chief carbohydrate reserve is the polysaccharide hemicellulose, hard endosperm] Rubiaceae
Coffea canephora, robusta coffee [caffeine, theobromine alkaloid] Rubiaceae
Coincya star-mustard, Brassicaceae
Cola nitida, (C. acuminata,) kola, cola, kola nut [theobromine, caffeine alkaloid] Sterculiaceae
Coleus amboinicus (C. aromaticus,) coleus, Indian borage, three-in-one herb, aromatic leaves for meat flavouring
Collinsia, blue eyed Mary, Scrophulariaceae
Collinsonia, horsebalm, Lamiaceae
Collomia trumpet, Polemoniaceae
Columnea, columnea, Gesneriaceae
Colutea, colutea, red-flowered bladder senna, the common bladder senna, herbal remedy, Leguminosae
Comarostaphylis, summer holly, Epacridaceae
Combretum, tropical evergreen climbers and shrubs, tropical America
Commiphora abyssinica ,myrrh, sweet myrrh, Mecca balsam (strong-scented oleoresins) Burseraceae
Conicosia, narrow-leaved ice plant, Aizoaceae
Conium maculatum, poison hemlock, great hemlock [coniine alkaloid] [noxious weed said to be the plant used to kill Socrates] Apiaceae
Conopholis, cancer-root. Orobanchaceae
Conradina, false rosemary, Lamiaceae
Conringia hare's ear mustard, Brassicaceae
Consolida, knight's-spur, Ranunculaceae
Convolvulus bind weed, Convolvulaceae
Conyza canadensis, Canadian fleabane, horse weed, Asteraceae
Coprosma, mirror plant, Rubiaceae
Coptis, goldthread, Ranunculaceae
Corchorus capsularis ,corchorus, jute, Tiliaceae
Cordylanthus, bird's-beak, Scrophulariaceae
Corema, corema, Empetraceae
Coreopsis, tick seed, Asteraceae
Corethrogyne, sand aster Asteraceae
Coriandrum sativum, coriander, Mediterranean area, used, curry powder, gin flavouring
Corispermum bug seed, Chenopodiaceae
Cornus florida, dogwood, North America, Cornaceae
Coronilla ,crown vetch, Leguminosae
Coronopus swine cress, Brassicaceae
Correa alba, cape barren tea, native fuchsia, white correa, Australia, aromatic leaves, jasmine tea-like flavouring, ground cover, Rutaceae
Corrigiola, corrigiola, Caryophyllaceae
Corydalis solida, fume wort
Coryphantha, beehive cactus, Cactaceae
Cosmos bipinnatus, cosmos, ornamental, garden herb, Asteraceae
Cotula coronopifolia, brass buttons, golden buttons, buttonweed, water buttons [very salt tolerant] Asteraceae
Couroupita, cannonball tree, Lecythidaceae
Coursetia, baby bonnets, Leguminosae
Coville, harrimanella, Epacridaceae
Crambe crambe, Brassicaceae
Crassocephalum, rag leaf, Asteraceae
Crataegus monogyna, English hawthorn, maythorn, Rosaceae
Crataegus oxyacantha, hawthorn [thorns are modified branches] Rosaceae
Crateva ,crateva, Capparaceae
Cresentia cujete, calabash, used for containers and musical instruments
Crepis, hawks beard [2 pairs of chromosomes] Asteraceae
Cressa alkali weed, Convolvulaceae
Crescentia, crescentia, Bignoniaceae
Critonia, thorough wort, Asteraceae
Crocidium, spring-gold, Asteraceae
Crocus sativus, saffron crocus [saffron, its red-orange stugmas] Iridaceae
Crocus vernus, Dutch crocus, Iridaceae
Croptilon, scratch daisy Asteraceae
Crotalaria juncea, rattlebox, sunn hemp, India [fibre, bast stronger than jute] Leguminosae
Crotalaria semperflorens, bird flower, India, tropical shrubs, yellow flowers, Leguminosae
Cruciata, bed straw, Rubiaceae
Crusea, mountain saucer flower, Rubiaceae
Cryptostegia, rubber vine, Asclepiadaceae
Cryptostemma calendulaceum, Cape weed
Cucumis melo, ulcardo melon, native cucumber, rockmelon, melon, Cucurbitaceae
Cucumis sativus, cucumber, Cucurbitaceae
Cucurbita, gourd, Cucurbitaceae
Cucurbita maxima, pumpkin, Cucurbitaceae
Cucurbita pepo, zucchini, squash, Cucurbitaceae
Cullen, scurf pea, Leguminosae
Cuminum cyminum, cumin, Mediterranean area used, curry powder, Apiaceae
Cupaniopsis anacardioides tuckeroo, carrot wood Sapindaceae
Cuscuta australis, dodder [only genus of the family] Cuscutaceae
Cutleria multifida [has 48 chromosomes] Desmarestiaceae
Cyamopsis,cyamopsis (guar gum) Leguminosae
Cyanopsis, knap weed, Asteraceae
Cyanthillium, iron weed, Asteraceae
Cyathula, cyathula, Amaranthaceae
Cybianthus, cybianthus, Myrsinaceae
Cycladenia, waxy dogbane, Apocynaceae
Cyclanthera, cyclanthera, Cucurbitaceae
Cyclamen, cyclamen, Primulaceae
Cydista, withe, Bignoniaceae
Cydonia oblonga, quince. Rosaceae
Cynanchum, swallow-wort, Asclepiadaceae
Cynara scolymus, globe artichoke, cardoon, vegetable [vegetative reproduction by rhizome] Asteraceae
Cynara, globe artichoke, vegetable [parenchyma contains the polysaccharide inulin instead of amylum starch] Asteraceae
Cynoglossum, hound's tongue, herbal remedy, Boraginaceae
Cyphomandra betacea, tree tomato, tamarillo, Solanaceae
Cypselea, cypselea, Aizoaceae
Cyrilla, titi, Cyrillaceae
Cytisus, scoparius (Spartium, Sarothamnus scoparius, Genista scoparius,) broom, Scotch broom, basam, green broom [sparteine, cytisine alkaloid] Leguminosae

---